The development of research and innovation policies based on a benchmarking assessment: the case of mobile communications technology R&D in the new member states of the EU

This paper presents the process and the results that led to an objective assessment of 34 research programmes from 14 countries based on a multifactor analysis. The programmes that were analysed come from the EU's new member states and the accession countries. The methodology used was specially developed for policy development purposes and for the design of the roadmaps leading to an open and successful R&D programme in the area of mobile communications. The method and the results obtained and later used for the policy development and road mapping are discussed. The policies designed and strategic objectives derived are briefly described. The consequences expected to follow the policy implementation in the relevant countries are evaluated and discussed.     

Link between innovation and productivity in Canadian manufacturing industries

Empirical studies commonly use research and development (R&D) to measure innovation and often find, especially in Canada, no strong link between productivity and innovation. In this article, we model innovation as an unobservable latent variable that underlies four indicators: R&D, patents, technology adoption, and skills. We find that these indicators are reasonably good measures of innovation for aggregate manufacturing. However, except for skills, the reliability of the indicators for innovation differs among individual industries. Our innovation indexes, based on the latent variable model, show that most manufacturing industries became more innovative over the 1980–1997 period. The pace of innovation in the electrical and electronic products industry accelerated during the 1990s. In addition, we show that the new measure of innovation has a positive and statistically significant impact on productivity. It takes from 1 to 3 years, depending on the industry, for innovation to generate an impact on productivity.     

R&D and productivity: Internal vs. external R&D - evidence from west german manufacturing industries

The paper explores the productivity effects of investment in external (contract) vs. internal (in-house) R&D in a sample of West-German Manufacturing Industries. The results provide strong evidence of a positive relationship between productivity and the share of external R&D in total R&D. This result is robust to alternative econometric specifications. Thus, findings suggest that the decision between internal and external R&D does matter. Moreover, results imply a nonlinear relationship between productivity and the share of external R&D for higher-technology industries, hinting at decreasing productivity effects of an increasing share of external in total R&D.     

Innovation, international technological diffusion and the changing influence of R&D on productivity

This paper analyses the relationship between OECD countries'business sector total factor productivity and domestic and foreignR&D efforts during the period 1961-1991. A sensitivity analysisis performed by making use of alternate estimations of specificationsin growth terms and in level terms. The results are shown tobe robust. They show that the influence of international technologicaldiffusion is, on average, substantially stronger than that ofdomestic R&D. In the case of the large economies, however,the latter influence is found to be more important. A structuralstability analysis provides evidence of a decrease in the estimatesin the mid-1970s, without significant recovery afterwards. Variouslong-run supply effects appear to have contributed. The discontinuousnature of the reduction does indicate, however, that these werereinforced by macroeconomic disturbances at the demand side.     

Joint R&D projects: Experiences in the context of European technology policy

Joint R&D projects have emerged as a significant model for the development of research and technological activities. Our study examines, through an exploratory analysis, the typology of joint R&D projects and the characteristics of R&D networks in which the projects are developed. In addition, the interrelation between the R&D projects in the context of European Technology Policy is analysed. Findings from survey data collected on joint R&D projects carried out in the context of European Framework Programmes indicate that three groups of R&D projects can be identified (invention, innovation and diffusion projects), and that each of these projects is managed inside the R&D network with a different degree of structuring and external opening. The analysis of interrelations between R&D projects also shows a low, non-linear and non-progressive interrelation. This conclusion is an important question to bear in mind in the design of scientific and technological policies.     

研发创新全要素生产率的空间趋同分析

利用非参数的Malmquist生产率指数方法对1999—2008年中国研发创新全要素生产率(TFP)的变动进行测算,运用趋同理论深入分析了差异的演变规律和内在机制,同时探求造成TFP增长空间差异的影响因素。研究表明:中国研发创新TFP增长存在显著的空间差异;研发创新TFP不仅存在绝对趋同,而且形成东、中、西三大俱乐部趋同,此外还存在明显的条件趋同,信息化水平、利用外资水平、人力资本等是影响中国研发创新活动发展空间差异的重要因素。     

Enhanced co-citation analysis using frameworks

The valuation of intangible assets, such as patents, has recently been considered an important technique for R&D strategies. This paper proposes a citation analysis as a method of valuation on patent clusters having patent networks. A citation analysis is a method that examines the value of a patent on the basis of the number of citations of references. In particular, a co-citation analysis is used for coupling patents as the patent cluster and valuating the patent cluster. While the co-citation analysis is of great interest as a method of valuation, this analysis has not been fully examined and does not define any framework for a technology transition and patent strategy. Therefore, in this paper, the conventional co-citation analysis for evaluating the patent clusters is enhanced and frameworks for the technology transition and patent strategy are proposed by analysing citation routes in a co-citation analysis.     

中国创新绩效评价及启示

基于国际比较视角,对中国及其它39个国家的创新绩效进行了比较评价。具体分析了中国创新绩效总体水平及其结构特征,认为应保持中国研发经费投入增长态势,充分发挥科技人力资源红利,加快创新成果应用和技术扩散,实现社会生产率的提高。     

高新技术企业认定对企业全要素生产率的影响——基于双重差分方法的分析

基于2002—2018年中国A股上市公司面板数据,运用双重差分方法考察高新技术企业认定对企业全要素生产率的影响及机制。结果表明,高新技术企业认定显著促进相关企业全要素生产率提高,对企业高质量发展具有积极效应。机制检验结果显示,高新技术企业认定促进企业研发投入规模扩大和资本配置效率改善,进而有利于全要素生产率提升。进一步异质性检验结果表明,这种效应在高融资约束企业、处于成长成熟期企业和未进行研发操纵企业中更显著。此外,外部环境对政策实施效果具有重要影响。相关结论可以为高企认定政策效果评价提供新的研究视角,为我国完善选择性产业政策设计提供政策启示。     

License auctions with royalty contracts for (winners and) losers

This paper revisits the licensing of a non-drastic process innovation by an outside innovator to a Cournot oligopoly. We propose a new mechanism that combines a restrictive license auction with royalty licensing. This mechanism is more profitable than standard license auctions, auctioning royalty contracts, fixed-fee licensing, pure royalty licensing, and two-part tariffs. The key features are that royalty contracts are auctioned and that losers of the auction are granted the option to sign a royalty contract. Remarkably, combining royalties for winners and losers of the auction makes the integer constraint concerning the number of licenses irrelevant.