谈加强设计变更和现场签证的管理提高企业经济效益的措施

在工程项目的施工过程中，发生设计变更和现场签证是相当普遍的，所以设计变变更和现场签证工作是工程承包管理中很重要的一项内容，本全面阐述了施工阶段中设计变更和现场签证的管理方法。     

工程造价咨询中的设计变更与修改

工程设计变更与设计修改是工程设计阶段、施工阶段在既定设计要求和施工环境条件下,为更好地实现设计目的下的功能效用,科学地解决与之相应的经济价格问题的方法手段。区分和正确认识设计变更与修改两种不同的设计行为,可以有效地控制和提高设计的质量水平,降低不合理的工程消耗,提高施工过程中环保节能水平,惠及各方。有着积极的意义。     

浅谈工程变更的审核和造价控制的管理

工程变更在工程项目的管理中是难以避免的,主要包括设计变更、进度计划变更、施工条件变更及原招标文件和工程量清单中未包括的"新增工程量"等。所有变更要在建设单位认可后才能生效,一旦发生就会引起工程造价、质量、进度的变化,甚至引起合作单位的相互索赔,造成纠纷。     

如何规范管理设计变更和签证

工程项目中规范、准确地做好设计变更、签证工作,对施工阶段的成本控制将起到重要作用。文中对设计变更、签证的概念与流程进行分析探讨,并对失效问题进行解释界定,另外文中对工程常碰到的零星委托处理方式进行深入分析。     

变更索赔的着力点

在项目变更索赔过程中,修炼好利用施工过程中的＂不可抗力＂、设计变更、工期延长等索赔的外功,以及项目内部管理的内功,对做好项目变更索赔乃至实现最终赢利影响颇深。变更索赔是决定承包商获取经济效益的重要环节,也成为体现承包商经营管理水平高低的标志。变更索赔的着力点承包商施工中常常会遇到这样那样的状况,如：地质不符、设计功能达不到项目功能要求、影响施工质量和安全、地方要求、环保要求等因素,这些条件的变化一般要通过设计变更完善处理.     

浅议世界银行贷款项目的设计变更程序

作者通过对北京市北护城河综合治理工程世行贷款项目具体工作的总结,介绍了世行贷款工程项目的设计变更程序,希望能对类似工程的设计变更有所帮助。     

工程签证效力之争

2004年3月30日，某施工单位通过某物流园工程的公开招标评审成为中标人后与业主签订了该物流园建设工程施工合同，该合同约定：包干总价为6868．36万元，整个施工期间除“工程设计变更产生的工程量增减，材料的涨跌幅超过约定±10％”予以调整合同总价外，其余均不做任何调整，设计变更签证需经发包人同意并加盖公章。     

低质低价中标,真的该管一管了 ——浅析《招标投标法》修订对"低价中标"的影响

低价中标在当前的建筑市场形势下,其副作用已远大于有利的一面,其中一个最直接的后果是:一些报价合理、技术成熟、管理科学的企业被排除在了项目的大门之外,扰乱了建筑市场的正常竞争秩序。另外一个潜在的危害就是:以最低价中标的工程利润一般比较低,甚至是负利润,在低价中标之后投标单位为了维持自身的利润,会想方设法通过设计变更和工程量变更来增加造价,一旦这些变更得不到甲方的认可,施工方可能会转向在工程建设中以减低工程质量标准甚至是偷工减料的方式以找补前期低价中标带来的利益损失,造成了“豆腐渣”工程的出现,有些中标单位还会中途放弃,还有的中标单位施工进度一拖再拖,都很容易造成工程的失败。     

水利水电工程施工过程中设计变更应做好的几项工作

在水利水电基础设施建设中，因为特殊的地形、地貌和复杂的地质条件，致使在工程施工中原设计与实际情况存在差距，设计变更情况在所难免。通过水利水电工程施工管理的实践，总结了在设计变更中应做好的几项工作。     

国内外工程变更管理的研究

对于一个工程项目而言,工程变更几乎是不可避免的,本文是笔者对工程变更在项目与合同管理中的重要性的深刻体会,希望借助本文通过对国内外工程变更管理的操作方式的比较分析,和广大同行探讨工程变更管理改革的目标模式及实现途径。     

浅谈设计管理与设计资源

设计管理是一门如何有力地应用及协调设计资源的学科。设计管理是提高服装设计工作效率和工作质量的有效途径,是服装企业管理的重要组成部分。服装企业的升级和产品竞争能力的增强,服装设计管理是重要的决定因素。     

住宅设计的几点思考

当代住宅设计要具有生态性、耐久性、建筑时空的延续性和住宅建筑时空的全面性,因此“合作住宅”、“两段式参与”和“菜单选择”等设计模式值得借鉴。     

绿色设计在工业产品设计中的应用

随着人类生存环境的不断恶化,资源可持续发展的重要性逐渐被人们所认识,引发了绿色设计和人性化设计等设计思潮。从3个方面对绿色设计在工业设计中的应用进行了认识分析,指出绿色设计融入工业设计是工业设计发展的必然趋势,它会使工业设计更加符合人类消费心理的需求,符合社会发展的需求,使工业设计理论更为科学实用。     

童装设计中的趣味性探讨

童装设计中融入趣味性设计,在满足基本穿着需求的同时,还可以进一步表现儿童的天真无邪、活泼自然,且寓教于衣,达到双收的效果。探讨了各个阶段儿童的生理心理特征,分析了儿童生理心理特征对儿童服饰设计的影响;重点对童装外轮廓、内部结构线、图案、色彩、加工工艺等方面的趣味性设计进行深入的探讨,希望对童装设计工作者有一定的参考意义。     

Dasein Versus Design: The Problematics of Turning Making Into Thinking

Building on suggestions from the work of Martin Heidegger, a distinction is made between two ways of being in the world. One is associated with the unplanned particularity and care of Dasein, another with the planning and thinking-out of design; the former is characteristic of a more traditional way of life, the latter of contemporary life. Included are brief etymologies of `Dasein' and `design', along with some reflections on the two-fold history of design of internal structure and surface appearance (that is, of engineering and aesthetic design, respectively). The conclusion sketches out a problematics of engineering design as involving a disengagement from fundamental human experience, and suggests the need to discriminate between authenticity and inauthenticity in the world of design.     

服饰图案与服装设计

图案是一种装饰语言,服饰图案作为图案艺术的一部分,是伴随着服装的产生而出现的一种特有的艺术表现形式,有着与其它装饰图案相通的美学特征,也具有其特有的存在意义。服饰图案的产生与发展是与服装文化的发展密切相关的,也与社会意识与审美心理活动相联系,服饰图案是服装设计的重要组成部分,对服装设计领域的发展有着十分重要的意义。     

某220kV变电站土建设计全寿命周期设计理念的具体应用

某220kv变电站处于规划的工业园区内，自然地形起伏大，与规划中的公路高差大，从总平面布置、竖向设计、建筑设计、地基处理、进站道路、所区边坡设计等方面，采用优化设计理念，综合考虑近期与远期的周边环境变化，深入执行资源节约型、环境友好型、工业化的“两型一化”建设原则。提出了边坡及进站公路近期用地可为园区其他远期项目再利用的设计思路。     

关于建筑业企业管理系统的重新设计

分析了建筑业企业管理系统的层次结构,并从建筑业生产力与生产关系矛盾发展、建筑业落实科学发展观、建筑业企业信息化建设和参与国际竞争4个方面论述建筑业企业管理系统重新设计的必要性,探讨了建筑业企业管理系统重新设计的可行性,简要提出了建筑业企业管理系统重新设计的逻辑思路。     

The design process — Does it exist?

There are many published models for the process of design or open-ended problem solving. Some of these are represented in diagrammatic form while others are implicit within the text of the publication. Where do these models come from? Upon what evidence are they based and how accurately do they describe the pupil designer? The idea that we should teach pupils a procedure for completing design and make tasks or a strategy for solving problems is an attractive one but is there only one procedure and is this easily transferred to a wide variety of tasks? This article examines the similarities in a variety of published models for the design or problem-solving process including those implicitly described in the development of the National Curriculum for Design and Technology in England and Wales. It finds a surprising consensus of opinion among authors but suggests that there is little research evidence to support their claims.     

Research on Basic Design Education: An International Survey

This paper reports on the results of a survey and qualitative analysis on the teaching of ‘Basic Design’ in schools of design and architecture located in 22 countries. In the context of this research work, Basic Design means the teaching and learning of design fundamentals that may also be commonly referred to as the Principles of Two- and Three-dimensional Design. The body of knowledge associated with Basic Design may be regarded as part of the general theory of teaching and learning design as practiced in many design schools and which has its origins in the classical design schools such as the Bauhaus. In the author’s perception and practice, the pedagogy of Basic Design promotes a holistic, creative and experimental methodology that develops the learning style and cognitive abilities of students with respect to the fundamental principles of design. This includes an understanding of the elements of shape, colour, texture, light, and rhythm in a manner complementary but usually unrelated to the common design methods teaching approach. As is well known among design practitioners, including architects and industrial designers, a deep understanding of the purpose of these fundamental design elements and principles is still relevant to contemporary design practice. The main objective of the research described in this paper was to determine the status and development of Basic Design pedagogy in a significant number of contemporary design schools. On the basis of the results of two surveys conducted in 2001–2002, this paper will identify and illustrate interesting aspects concerning the programmes and organisation of courses delivered by teachers of ‘Basic Design’. This work will also survey the viewpoints of Basic Design teachers in elementary years of design courses and of those teaching design through projects during the subsequent years of the same courses. Interestingly, the design project teachers surveyed in this research expressed a desire to be more involved in the teaching of Basic Design fundamentals which indicates strongly that Basic Design principles are still relevant in contemporary design education terms as they have ever been and that more research is needed in order to better understand and apply the related pedagogy.