金融监管放松是全球失衡的重要原因

2008年以来,全球金融危机的爆发与蔓延伴随着一个鲜明的全球背景,即经常账户大规模和持续的失衡;同时,也伴随着一个普遍存在的国内背景,即监管的普遍宽松和金融资产的创新。围绕着金融危机、全球失衡、放松监管这三个话题,在危机爆发以来的短短几年,学者们取得了至少三个方面的研究进展:第一,从理论和实证两个角度来看,近十年来日益严峻的全球失衡现象是造成此次     

Competition, Innovation and Financial Crises: A Perspective on the Current Financial Market Turmoil

This paper provides a perspective on the causes of the current financial crisis by comparing it to the international debt crisis of the early 1980s. It argues that competition and innovation can lead to unsustainable debt build-ups as risk is consistently underestimated and underpriced. This has important implications for policies for crisis prevention.     

Financial Globalization and Banking Crises in Emerging Markets

Bank crises in emerging economies have been a feature of the recent global crisis, and their incidence has increased in the post-Bretton Woods era. This paper investigates the impact of financial globalization on the incidence of systemic bank crises in 20 emerging markets over the years 1976–2002 using measures of de facto and de jure financial openness. An increase in foreign debt liabilities contributes to an increase in the incidence of crises, but foreign direct investment and portfolio equity liabilities have the opposite effect. A more liberal de jure capital regime lowers the incidence of banking crises, while a regime of fixed exchange rates increases their frequency. The results of the econometric analysis is consistent with the experience of East European and central Asian emerging markets, which attracted a relatively large proportion of capital flows in the form of debt in recent years and have been particularly hard hit by the global financial crisis.     

Forecasting Financial Crises in Emerging Market Economies

This article identifies six fundamental indicators that might predict a financial crisis similar to the one that affected the emerging markets of Southeast Asia. Our empirical analysis shows that the 1997 Asian crisis could have been predicted. Probit estimation reveals that a small number of common indicators can forecast a financial crisis well. The estimation gives estimates that are robust to either cross-section or panel data. We suggest an aggregate indicator that combines all the individual indicators and calculates the optimal thresholds for the indicators. This aggregate indicator has similar predictive properties and reduces the calculations to determine the probability of crisis.     

Not All Financial Crises Are Alike!

The United States has experienced many financial crises, but the Great Depression, the prolonged thrift crisis of the 1980s, and the most recent Great Recession stand out. In this paper, the focus is on the differences the three crises exhibited in terms of the economic environment leading up to each crisis, the effects on financial institutions and financial markets, and the policy responses and how those responses evolved. The post-World War I macro environment leading up to the Great Depression was radically different than either the inflation environment of the 1970s and early 1980s or the housing collapse and role that subprime lending played in the Great Recession. Additionally, the financial institution failure experience was different in all three crises, as were the regulatory and legislative responses that followed. Perhaps most striking are two important differences. In the Great Depression, many very small rural banks failed. In the 1980s, the first round of failures hit mainly thrifts followed by largely smaller regional and community banks. In the Great Recession, the nation’s largest institutions were the main ones affected. Second, the runs on the institutions were also significantly different.     

阿根廷金融危机的成因及启示

2001年阿根廷爆发了严重的经济危机、金融危机和社会动乱，危机使阿人民生活水平大幅下降。分析阿金融危机产生的原因，从中吸取有益的教训和启示，对发展中国家意义重大。     

Contagion and Global Financial Crises: Lessons from Nine Crisis Episodes

Episodes of extraordinary turbulence in global financial markets are examined during nine crises ranging from the Asian crisis in 1997–98 to the recent European debt crisis of 2010–13. After dating each crisis using a regime switching model, the analysis focuses on changes in the dependence structures of equity markets through correlation, coskewness and covolatility to address a range of hypotheses regarding contagion transmission. The results show that the great recession is a true global financial crisis. Finance linkages are more likely to result in crisis transmission than trade and emerging market crises transmit unexpectedly, particularly to developed markets.     

全球经常项目失衡问题研究

近些年,全球经常项目失衡问题成为经济研究者、国际机构和各国中央银行经济学家以及商务经济研究报告竞相研究的热点问题。本文构建了经常项目影响因素的一个简单的理论模型,应用该结构性模型考察了一国在世界经济中的地位、政府财政收支以及对外净资产等经济变量对经常项目的影响,利用52个国家或地区1980年到2004年经济数据就理论模型所关注的经济变量对经常项目的影响进行了实证研究,并且对解决当前全球经常项目失衡问题提出了相关建议。     

基于所有权的美国经常项目

随着经济全球化程度的加深,外商直接投资(FDI)迅速增长,跨国公司利用海外建立的附属公司销售产品已成为一国参与国际货物和服务市场的重要力量.相应地,从跨国公司角度分析对外贸易已越来越引起人们的关注.     

全球视角的国际收支经常账户盈余调整研究

本文利用1970～2008年这39年间的国际经济数据考察经常账户盈余调整的国际经验后发现,经常账户盈余国家与赤字国家在数量上是不对称的,世界各国中,经常账户处于盈余状态的是少数,处于赤字状态的是多数;全球性经常账户高盈余状况不是一个持久和普遍的现象,通常仅持续4～5年;在全球范围内,经常账户盈余发生大幅快速调整的现象并不常见,但是一旦发生会对宏观经济造成很大影响,这种影响因国家的收入水平不同而有所不同。     

金融账户开放与三类风险的互动机制

文章从理论和实证两方面论证人民币金融账户开放与银行体系风险、外汇市场风险、资产泡沫风险之间的互动机制。研究表明:金融账户开放水平越高,越容易加剧这三类风险;同时,这三类风险增加反过来又温和地延缓金融账户开放进程,其中外汇市场风险对于金融账户开放的延缓最明显。因此,应合理安排中国金融账户开放顺序,资产性市场应最后开放,加快汇率弹性机制改革,强化国内银行体系审慎监管。     

财政赤字、经常账户与政府债务研究——李嘉图等价视角的国际经验分析

本文使用42个发达工业化国家和新兴经济体国家2000～2010年的经济数据,采用面板门槛模型估计不同国家财政政策对经常账户的影响,检验李嘉图等价效应成立的条件。估计结果显示,财政政策与经常账户表现出"双赤字"现象,但政府债务规模对消费与投资的扭曲作用使得财政赤字与经常账户又呈现非线性关系。同时,较高的税负水平对财政政策效果的影响是导致李嘉图等价效应成立的重要条件。本文的结论表明,我国长期实施的扩张性财政政策对经常账户平衡的不利影响已经开始显现。因此,实施审慎的宏观财政政策、降低税负水平对维持经常账户平衡和经济健康发展具有重要的战略意义。     

Devaluation, Capital Formation, and the Current Account

This paper re-examines the effects of devaluation and a rise in the rate of devaluation on capital formation and the current account in an optimizing monetary model of a small open economy with endogenous labor, investment with adjustment costs, and perfect capital mobility. It is shown that devaluation leads to capital accumulation and a current-account deficit in the long run and during the adjustment process, whereas a rise in the rate of devaluation has an ambiguous impact on capital formation and the current account depending on the relationship between consumption and real balances in the utility function. If consumption and real balances are separable or complements, then a rise in the rate of devaluation produces capital decumulation and a current-account surplus in the long run as well as on the transition path. These results stand in sharp contrast with Calvo (1981). JEL Classification Numbers: F41