Correction to: Voter ID Laws and Voter Turnout

Atlantic Economic Journal - The name of the third author was incorrect in the initial online publication. The original article has been corrected.     

Influence of the Number of Statewide Referenda Involving Emotionally-Charged Issues on Voter Turnout, 2006

The issue of same-sex marriage is an emotionally charged one. So is the issue of abortion. This is true to the point where it has resulted in several cases in the placement of statewide referenda on the ballot for voter approval or disapproval. This study tests the hypothesis that greater numbers of such emotionally charged referenda may increase voter turnout because they may elevate the expected gross benefits of voting by empowering “interested voters” while not significantly increasing the expected gross costs of voting. Using state-level data for all 50 states for the 2006 general election, and after allowing for a variety of economic and demographic factors, this study finds compelling evidence that the numbers of statewide referenda dealing with same-sex marriage and abortion did in fact significantly increase voter turnout.

Panel Data Analysis of Regional Differentials in the Registered Voter Turnout Rate and the Expected Benefits of Voting for Minorities

Voter participation rates vary widely across the 50 states. We seek to identify a source of this interstate variation, focusing upon the 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012 general elections. Of note is that the latter two general elections featured a minority (i.e., African-American) nominee for president from one of the major political parties. Within the context of the rational voter model, we hypothesize that the presence of a minority candidate atop the ticket will boost minorities’ expected net benefits from voting, with the result that minority voter participation will be higher. Based on cross-sectional fixed-effects estimations, we find that states’ voter participation rates were unaffected by the percent of the population that was either African-American or Hispanic for the 2000 and 2004 election cycles, while states’ voter participation rates were positively related to the percent of the population that was either African-American or Hispanic for the 2008 and 2012 election cycles.     

The Electoral College System, Political Party Dominance, and Voter Turnout, With Evidence from the 2004 Presidential Election

Within the context of a broadened version of the “rational voter model,” this study empirically investigates a hypothesis that asserts that within the context of the Electoral College System, the greater the degree to which either the Republican Party or the Democratic Party dominates the other in any given state, the lower the aggregate voter participation rate in that state. Using the 2004 Presidential election as the study period, the analysis includes a number of economic and demographic variables. Using a different methodology than previous studies of voter turnout and the Electoral College System, as well as more current data, this study finds strong empirical evidence for the hypothesis. It also is suggested that, logically, the Electoral College System distorts the pattern of voter turnout across states.      

Determinants of Geographic Differentials in the Voter Participation Rate

Voter participation rates vary widely across the 50 states. This empirical study seeks, within the context of a broadened version of the ‘rational voter model,’ to identify determinants of this interstate variation. Using the 2004 general election as the study period, it is found that the voter participation rate in a state is positively related to the percent of the state's adult population with at least a high school education, the state's unemployment rate, the percent of the state's population age 65 and older, and the female labor force participation rate in the state. In addition, it is found that voter turnout in a state is negatively related to the state's median family income and the percentage of its population that is Hispanic.     

选民、政党与议会:微观视角的新政治经济学

本文从微观角度阐述了新政治经济学的基本理论和研究方法,按选民、政党和议会三个层次展开分析。本文在选民部分讨论了选民投票的动机,包括关键投票人模型和高尚投票人模型,介绍了选民投票的方式,包括诚实投票和策略投票;在政党部分重点介绍模型化政党行为的不同方法,并指出现有理论的不足;在议会部分主要着眼于议会制下政府组建的问题,分析不同类型政府存在的可能性。     

An Inquiry into the Contemporary Differential between Female and Male Voter Turnouts

This study seeks to identify contemporary factors that systematically explain the difference in the ratio of the female-to-male voter participation rates, FVPR/MVPR, and the difference between the female and male voter participation rate levels, FVPR−MVPR, in the U.S. Using state-level data form the 2004 Presidential election, it is found that both FVPR/MVPR and FVPR−MVPR are an increasing function of the gender-specific unemployment rates, median earnings, educational attainment levels, population age 65 and over, and the presence of a female governor in the state and a decreasing function of the gender-specific divorce rates.      

Determinants of Geographic Voter Participation Rate Differentials: the 2014 Mid-Term Election

Voter participation rates vary widely across the 50 states and the District of Columbia. This empirical study seeks, within the context of a broadened version of the “rational voter model,” to identify determinants of this geographic variation. Using the 2014 mid-term general election, it was found that the voter participation rate across states and the District of Columbia was positively related to whether there is a close governor’s race or a close U.S. Senate race, the female labor force participation rate, the percent of the population aged 65 and over, the number of referenda on the ballot, and the degree of voting-by-mail usage. In addition, it was found that voter turnout was negatively related to the percentages of the population that are either Hispanic or Afro-American.     

信用档案——你的经济身份证

众所周知，个人信用短缺是制约我国消费信贷健康发展的主要原因。个人信用的污染正越来越对经济的发展造成阻碍。就金融领域而言，个人信用的失信造成金融体系运行的失衡，妨碍个人消费信贷的发展。从已经披露出的种种事例充分表明：一是有不少人在经济生活中不讲信用或不知信用为何物；二是社会缺乏个人信用评估联合征信系统，个人信用无法有一个公平、公正的评价。使得银行要么惜贷，要么就冒个人失信的风险发放贷款。市场经济是信用经济，个人消费信贷就是个人消费信用。信用是金融的本质和特征，不讲信用就谈不上金融。在国外，信用记录…     

Strong Presidential Approval or Disapproval Influencing the Expected Benefits of Voting and the Voter Participation Rate

This empirical study seeks to broaden the interpretation of the rational voter model so as to identify and better understand key determinants of the expected benefits from voting and hence key determinants of the aggregate voter participation rate in the US. Using annual data for all years in the 1960–1997 study period, this study finds that the voter participation rate has been positively impacted by strong public approval or strong public disapproval of the incumbent President, a finding unique to this literature and study period. In addition, the aggregate voter participation rate has been positively impacted by such factors as the Gulf War, which is generally regarded as having been popular among the US electorate, and a rising unemployment rate. This study also finds the voter participation rate to have been negatively impacted by the publics dissatisfaction with government, as well as by the Watergate scandal.The author is indebted to Cassandra Copeland for helpful information, comments, and guidance.     

依法诚信纳税——关于建设黑河小康社会的思考

依法诚信纳税与全面建设小康社会的目标互为统一,相互促进.依法诚信纳税是全面推进依法治税的内在要求,是履行公民法定义务,遵守公民道德规范的具体体现,也是全面建设小康社会的重要财力保障.实现小康社会的宏伟目标,必然要求税务部门依法治税,要求全体纳税人依法诚信纳税,以促进税收与经济的协调发展,保持税收收入持续稳定增长,为全面建设小康社会提供强大的财力保障.     

重庆连通亚太法律护航贸易

秋高气爽,嘉宾云集,"中国—东盟法律合作与发展高层论坛"在美丽山城举行。     

空间收敛第一规律与空间收敛第二规律

本文在分析了有关区域经济理论和大量实证研究结果的基础上研究了空间收敛的一般特性。研究结果表明L（1）空间收敛一般规律存在两大特 ,即空间收敛第一规律和第二规律;（2）空收敛第一规律是指子集收敛,从纯经济理论角度来看,了集收敛是短期性的,但许多实证研究表明子集收敛的长期动态性;（3）空间收敛第二规律是指空间收敛的动态性和长期性,短期呈现空间收敛,长期出现空间收敛的波动。以往有关区域经济不平衡的理论不能够解释的不平衡的出现,空间收敛第二规律解释空间不平衡的演变过程,从时间和空间的角度来看,空间收敛第一规律指空间与收敛的关系,空间收敛第二规律是指时间和收敛的关系。     

敞开立法的大门

在山东省人大立法史上,2006年5月12日注定是一个被特别记录的日子。这一天,山东省人大常委会法工委与山东康桥律师事务所正式签订协议,委托这一事务所起草新的《山东省消费者权益保护法条例(草案建议稿)》。此为山东省人大第一次对外委托中介机构草拟法案。     

Race,Restrictive State Abortion Laws and Abortion Demand

A disproportionately large number of abortions are performed on black and Hispanic women. This study empirically investigates whether restrictive state abortion laws differentially affect the abortion demand of white, black and Hispanic women for the year 2005. A state Medicaid abortion funding restriction significantly decreases the abortion rate of all three races. However, Hispanic women’s abortion demand is more sensitive to a Medicaid funding restriction than either white women or black women. Parental involvement laws and mandatory counseling laws have no significant impact on the abortion rates of the three racial groups. Two-visit laws are associated with a significant decrease in the abortion rate of white women, but have no significant effect on the abortion rates of black and Hispanic women.     

Study on the Harmonization of IPRs and Antitrust Laws

Antitrust law prohibits monopolies while intellectual property law grants legal monopolies. But this protection is not unlimited. Antitrust law imposes important restrictions to ensure that inventors are not overstepping their boundaries by restricting competition. This paper tries to answer the most debated question of the day： how should the laws of antitrust and intellectual property work together to achieve their common goal of enhancing social welfare.