银行核心业务系统发展指引——“新一代核心系统”建设的重要意义及思路

传统系统无法适应发展在银行的整个IT蓝图中,核心业务系统是负责处理和管理核心银行产品的生产系统。所谓的"核心"银行产品,就业务而言,其实也就是指银行主营业务中向客户提供的存款、贷款、中间业务等产品和相关的服务。因为这些都是最主要的、最常使用的银行产品,所以银行核心业务系统必须具备可靠性强且能支持大数据量任务处理的能力。在一定程度上,核心业务系统是一个商业银行日常运作的基础,核心业务系统的先进程度对整个银行的运作有着至关重要的影响,一套专业化的核心     

引入核心动力 打造先进运营平台

核心业务系统是银行信息系统的中枢,通过客户信息管理、产品管理、账户管理和会计核算处理,与外围系统和渠道系统一起,向客户提供金融服务。核心业务系统在一定程度上是商业银行日常运作的基础,其先进程度对整个银行的运营水平有重要影响。而以账户为中心的华夏银行原综合业务系统因系统架构封闭,各应用系统在银行内部形成的"信息孤岛"成为了业务创新和可持续发展的瓶颈。在此背景下,我行实施了与国际银行接轨的新核心业务系统。     

现代化支付系统在运行管理中亟需规范的几方面

中国现代化支付系统是中国人民银行按照我国支付清算需要,利用现代计算机技术和通信网络开发建设的,能够高效、安全处理各银行办理的异地、同城各种支付业务及其资金清算的应用系统。它包括大额支付系统和小额批量支付系统两个业务应用系统,是各银行和货币市场的公共支付清算平台,是人民银行发挥其金融服务职能的重要的核心支付系统。随着小额支付系统的上线,大小额支付系统将全部覆盖全国32个CCPC。但是,现代化支付系统在岗位设置、运行管理、系统维护等方面的实际操作过程中,尚有一些方面没有规范,对CCPC的运行管理造成了一定的困难,…     

消息中间件在人民银行小额支付系统中的应用

中国现代化支付系统（CNAPS）是中国人民银行按照我国支付清算需要，利用现代计算机技术和通信网络自主开发建设的，能够高效、安全处理各银行办理的异地、同城各种支付业务及资金清算和货币市场交易的应用系统。它是各银行和货币市场的公共支付清算平台，是人民银行发挥其金融服务职能的核心支持系统。该系统覆盖了全国范围的人民银行和商业银行等金融机构，由一个国家处理中心（NPC）、32个城市处理中心（CCPC）和上千个商业银行前置系统（MBFE）构成了大型的三级支付业务网络。     

加强生产运行管理提高分行IT服务质量

目前，交通银行的整体科技工作包括总行、一级分行（省直分行）、二级分行（省辖行）等多个层次。在数据大集中实施前，各级分行都配置了业务应用主机存储核心业务数据，业务处理主要在分行。分行信息技术部门同时承担着运行维护、系统开发、计算机安全、网络和设备管理等职能。各地管理不统一、技术不规范，存在着应用系统版本差异性大、重复开发严重、信息资源浪费等问题，对分行业务的安全经营构成了较大威胁。随着交通银行数据大集中工程一期的顺利完成、二期的逐步推广上线，这种情况将发生很大变化。一是核心主机物理集中，总行配备大型主机，集中负责后台业务处理，省直分行配置小型机作为综合前置；二是数据集中，全行的核心数据集中在总行；三是应用的集成与业务处理的集中，对公综合业务与对私零售业务集成为核心账务系统。后台核心业务系统在总行大机中运行，同时国际结算、信贷管理、个人信贷、外汇宝等外围系统采用B／S结构将账务处理和事务处理集成在总行端的服务器中运行。     

大额支付网络监测系统的设计与实现

中国现代化支付系统是中国人民银行按照我国支付清算需要,利用现代计算机技术和通信网络开发建设的,能够高效、安全处理各银行办理的异地、同城各种支付业务及其资金清算和货币市场交易的资金清算系统。它是各银行和货币市场的公共支付清算平台,是人民银行发挥其金融服务职能的核心系统,其网络平台用来完成支付系统的数据采集与传输功能。一、系统开发背景大额支付系统是中国现代化支付系统的重要组成部分,也是支付体系中的核心应用系统。建设大额实时支付系统的目的,就是为了给各银行和广大企业单位以及金融市场提供快速、高效、安全、可靠…     

打破多网隔离 走向桌面虚拟化

在银行实现数据大集中工程、核心系统升级换代之后,网络越来越关键。一方面,7×24小时的交易处理要求网络的高可用性、数据传输的安全性;另一方面,应用整合与许多的新应用要求更加灵活的网络服务,实现柜面业务、经营分析、决策管理等系统的数据交互、共享。尽管银行网络建设经过十几年的实践,在架构设计、优化改造、安全隔离等方面已经积累了一些成熟的经验;但是,面对产品创新和业务提升对银行网络在安全管理方面提出的挑战以及应用系统部署虚拟化的趋势,现有银行网络架构亟待调整和优化。如何设计和部署银行网络,适应未来云计算技术发展潮流、提升银行业务创新能力,成为技术人员和业界共同关注的课题。笔者以银行网络从业者的视角,从银行业务的实际需求出发,通过研究当前业界主流成熟技术和国际先进的行业案例,提出一个经过测试验证的可实施方案。     

量身打造私人银行业务

6月4日,IBM在京举办题为“繁荣本土市场,展望全球蓝图”2008金融行业策略发布会,从市场趋势和业务创新两大角度解读了目前中国金融行业的发展方向和驱动力。会上,IBM发布了金融行业三大业务重点,即：以新巴塞尔协议为指导的风险管理和法规遵从、围绕信用卡业务、个人信贷、私人银行的银行零售业务创新和核心银行应用系统转型。     

银行的后台管理系统

相对较为完善的前台系统而言,银行的后台管理系统更为独立与复杂。本文从应用系统的内部客户与银行的后台系统出发,详设分点,对其进行全面论述。作为一个完整的银行信息系统,大部分银行最先发展起来的是前台业务应用系统—柜台业务处理系统,如所谓的对公、对私系统等。接着是中台业务处理系统,如信贷管理系统、国际结算系统等。前台和中台系统的建立,基本能把银行以前手工操作的业务用计算机进行处理,实现银行业务的电子化。     

商业银行营运业务集中处理模式的特点及风险分析

近年来,借助IT技术,商业银行业务集约化营运变革的步伐逐步加快,＂业务前后台分离、集中后台处理＂（以下称集中处理）逐渐成为目前国内大多数银行提高效率、防范风险、降低成本,达到提升核心竞争力而采取的重要变革举措。随着业务处理的后台集中,流水线、工厂化的自动处理,银行业务营运更加依赖于后台处理中心,更加依赖于集中处理系统,业务营运风险也随着作业模式的变革产生了根本性变化。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.