商务模式对企业社会责任与企业绩效关系的影响

如何协调解决经济目标与社会目标的利益冲突,实现两者的统一,是我国企业面临的现实问题。本文运用内容分析法,通过对四个中国上市家电企业的多案例研究,发现商务模式对企业社会责任与企业绩效冲突与否起到关键性的作用。当企业采取共享型商务模式时,企业社会责任活动有利于提升企业绩效;反之,当企业采取非共享型商务模式时,企业社会责任与企业绩效就会出现冲突。     

The Relationship Between Psychic and Cultural Distance and Business Ethicality Attitudinal Values of Future Business Leaders

ABSTRACT

Psychic distance and cultural distance between countries are phenomena that can affect a company's entry strategy into foreign markets, as can differences in levels of business ethicality. The author examines the use of three measures of psychic and/or cultural distance (Brewer, 2007; Ellis, 2008; Fletcher & Bohn, 1998) and assesses the extent to which they are related to business ethicality values. A two-stage sampling design was used to survey undergraduate business students in 23 countries regarding their business-related ethics attitudes. This study had 13 countries in common with the Brewer (2007) and Fletcher and Bohn (1998) studies and 12 countries in common with Ellis (2008). Comparisons were made between the index values of the countries and their average scores on a scale of business ethicality by correlation analysis. Correlations were not statistically significant. The results suggest that none of the measures of distance examined is a good indicator of business ethicality and vice versa. Thus, one cannot assume a priori that a country that is culturally or psychically close to one's own country will have similar business ethicality values.     

价值链视角下先进制造业成本管理体系的构建

科学合理的成本管理体系是提高制造业综合实力的重要手段。目前,我国传统制造业在成本管理方面仍存在着管理目标缺乏科学性、内容单一性和信息片面性等弊端,这种状况已不能适用于先进制造业发展需求。企业应从价值链管理的视角出发,构建内外部成本管理体系,对整个价值链上各环节发生的成本进行一系列的计量、记录、预测和分析,并及时进行成本控制和评价,从而改变传统成本管理只注重成本核算和控制的缺陷。构建具有战略性、系统性、科学性和全面性的成本管理体系,有助于企业价值的提高,能够促进制造业可持续健康发展。     

The Relationship Between the Cost of Equity Capital and Corporate Disclosure: The Chilean Case

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research is to determine whether the Chilean investor rewards the corporate disclosure of economic information. The results have been consistent with international findings, since the relationship between the two studied variables was widely negative (the more information, the lower rate demanded by the investor). Also, the study shows that the integration of the capitals markets is improving the minimum standards of disclosure since, when a local company participates in more than one stock market, the strictest corporate disclosure or transparency rule will be applied.

RESUMEN. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar si el inversionista chileno premia la entrega de información por parte de las empresas. Los resultados han sido consistentes con la evidencia internacional, ya que la relación entre las variables estudiadas fue ampliamente negativa (a mayor información, menor tasa exigida por el inversionista). Además, el estudio evidencia que la integración de los mercados de capitales está mejorando los estándares mínimos de revelación, ya que al participar una firma local en más de una bolsa de valores, se aplicará la normativa más exigente de revelación o transparencia corporativa.

RESUMO. O objetivo desta pesquisa é determinar se o investidor chileno compensa a divulgação das informações econômicas pelas empresas. Os resultados têm sido coerentes com as evidências internacionais, visto que a relação entre as duas variáveis estudadas foi amplamente negativa (quanto mais informação, menor é a taxa exigida pelo investidor). O estudo evidencia, também, que a integração dos mercados de capitais tem melhorado os padrões mínimos de divulgação, já que quando uma empresa local participa em mais de uma bolsa de valores, as normas mais rígidas de divulgação ou de transparência corporativa são aplicadas.     

内生交易费用:战略联盟价值创造的动力抑或阻力

战略联盟是自利决策主体为获取分工经济性而进行专业化水平交互决策的内生均衡结果.各具内生专业化优势差异的联盟成员相互间信息不对称,引致联盟成员机会主义行为,在战略联盟价值创造双赢的完全分工结构中,联盟成员动态博弈的主要目标就是争夺联盟分工价值创造的好处,由此两方面而产生内生交易费用.战略联盟双方企业的内生专业化优势以及信息不对称,既是分工专业化利益的来源,又是产生内生交易费用而使得联盟均衡合作经济性难以实现帕累托最优的根源.     

理论中的企业所有权:悖论性质及其超越

本文认为,无论用剩余索取权还是用剩余控制权抑或用这两种剩余权利的统一体来定义企业所有权,由于其对企业自然属性的忽视以及考察企业所有权的方法存在的问题,导致其无法规避理论上的悖论性结果。文章提出,为跨出这种理论上的悖论境地,必须寻找新的途径对企业所有权进行重新界定。在企业理论中,如果涉及到企业所有权,就简单地直接使用法律上的企业所有权概念;而研究那些"实际存在"的权利的时候,就使用产权这一概念,因为产权本来就表示一组权利。     

Firm resources,cultural distance and simultaneous international expansion in the retail sector

Despite the fact that many firms simultaneously expand into multiple new markets, we know very little about why firms choose this type of international expansion instead of sequentially entering new markets. Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) we argue that in order to engage in simultaneous international expansion firms have to be able to draw on intangible assets, be financially strong, and have international experience that will enable them to reduce and/or shoulder the strains on managerial resources, time compression diseconomies and costs of simultaneously entering multiple new overseas markets. We further expect the strength of these associations to be moderated by the cultural distance between a firm’s home country and newly entered countries. Our analysis of the international expansion of the sales operations of 102 retailers over the period 2003–2012, during which these retailers sequentially or simultaneously entered into a total 836 overseas markets, largely supports our hypotheses. Our study underlines the usefulness of the RBV for understanding simultaneous international expansion as an important phenomenon that has received only scant scholarly attention to date.     

影响商务专业学生进行贸易的决定因素 ——基于前南斯拉夫7 国民族成见以及 民族距离的研究

商务专业学生和经理们在面对国际商务时不仅需要一定的跨文化沟通技巧和能力,也需要清楚地意识到形成他们不同行为的各种复杂的认知过程以及偏见。计划行为理论(TPB)为分析民族成见和民族距离对国际贸易意愿的影响提供了一个可行的研究框架。TPB理论背后的态度—行为关系对教育者很重要,因为他们会培养未来的商务领袖。但是,成见(定势思维)非常微妙,它可以被激活,但却很难应用,因为这需要多种多样的行为控制。在这种情况下,没有很多经验甚至没有任何实践经验的商科学生却可以用来作为评估所谓的"纯粹的"民族成见和民族距离的标准,以及民族成见与民族距离对他们开展国际贸易的意愿的影响力,同时也可作为态度和行为之间的一个介质。本文的主要目的是测试商务专业学生对某个特定国家的民族成见和民族距离,以及这样的民族成见和民族距离是否对进行国际贸易意愿有着决定性影响。本文的研究结果显示了在国际商务环境中民族成见对意图行为起到的交互性作用,特别强调了成见激活和成见应用的区别。更强的情感信念通过民族距离与民族划分以及民族仇恨(民族主义)的联系更紧密。     

家族企业社会责任与企业绩效:内部能力与外部关系的调节效应

文章利用浙江和重庆两地351家家族企业调查数据,在将家族企业社会责任区分为内部人责任、外部人责任和公共责任的基础上,实证检验了家族企业社会责任与企业绩效关系及内部能力和外部关系的调节效应.结果显示:第一,高内部能力(制造能力、吸收能力)家族企业内部人责任对绩效的影响更大;高吸收能力家族企业公共责任对绩效的影响更小;具有丰富外部关系(高密度、大范围关系网络)家族企业外部人责任对绩效的影响更大.第二,高内部能力家族企业中,内部人责任对绩效有显著的正向影响,公共责任对绩效有显著的负向影响.低吸收能力家族企业中,内部人责任对绩效有显著的负向影响;具有低密度关系网络家族企业中,内部人责任对绩效有显著的正向影响,公共责任对绩效有显著的负向影响;具有大范围关系网络家族企业中,公共责任对绩效有显著的负向影响.     

企业与消费者品牌互动认知差异探析

企业与消费者之间的互动是品牌建设的重要方式,但调查数据显示了目前企业与消费者在品牌互动态度、内容、行为及评价认知等方面存在着显著差异,严重影响了企业品牌建设的效果。本文认为,要缩小企业与消费者品牌互动认知的差异,需要企业和消费者双方都能对自身的角色和行为进行合理和有效的定位。     

家族企业代际传承及二代推动战略转型的绩效研究

本文将家族企业代际传承分为参与管理、共同管理和接收管理三个阶段,探究了处于不同阶段家族企业的绩效情况以及二代推动的家族企业战略转型对企业绩效的影响。利用2010－2012年我国A股主板上市公司中家族企业的样本展开实证研究,得出如下结论：二代进入家族企业高管,参与家族企业的日常经营和战略决策,或者与一代共同管理家族企业,对企业业绩产生正面影响;由于样本数量较少的客观原因,接收管理后企业绩效的经济后果关系未能得到证实;二代推动的战略转型对共同管理和企业绩效的关系起反向调节作用,在代际传承的共同管理阶段实施战略转型会降低原有真实绩效。     

试论海外华商经济发展的成就、经验与启示

海外华商经济已经成为当地经济的一股重要力量,也对中国的经济发展作出了杰出的贡献。这些成就的取得一方面得益于成熟的华商网络,另一方面受益于华商的多元化文化,特别是“儒商”文化。我国的经济建设应充分利用海外华商网络,吸收其合理经济文化思想,进行互补性合作,共同谋取更好的发展。     

A Study of the Relationship Between Personal Values and Moral Reasoning of Undergraduate Business Students

This study examines values and value types as well as scores in levels of moral reasoning for␣students enrolled in a business program. These two factors are measured using the Schwartz Personal Values␣Questionnaire and the Defining Issues Test 2. No statistically significant differences in levels of moral␣reasoning, rankings of values, and value types could be attributed to gender. However, eight significant correlations between value types and levels of moral reasoning provide evidence that a systematic relationship exists. The relationships are not only internally consistent but also consistent with the model of values based on motivational goals (Schwartz S. H. and K. Boenke: 2004, Journal of Research in Personality, 38 230–255). Dr. George Lan, (Ph.D. Management, Queen’s University, Canada) is an Associate Professor of Accounting and a member of the Certified General Accountants of Ontario. His research interest and publications are in the area of business ethics and governance, accounting education and earnings management. Dr. Maureen P. Gowing (Ph.D. Management, Queen’s University, Canada) is an Assistant Professor of Accounting. She is a co-author of both a financial and managerial accounting text and has published articles on ethics and cost control, efficacy of health systems management, and gender differences in oral communication. Dr. Sharon McMahon (Ed.D. Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in Curriculum Development and Counseling is an Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing. Research interests include health and wellness of children and families, health behavior outcomes, and learner’s satisfaction. Author and co-author of publications related to nonprofit governance she integrates her lived experience as a board member on several nonprofit boards and professional organizations. Dr. Fritz Rieger (Ph.D. in Management, McGill University, Canada) is an Associate Professor of Business Policy and Strategy. His research interests and publications are in the areas of ethics, organizational behavior, systems theory, modeling, culture, and immigrant entrepreneurship. Dr. Norman King (Ph.D. in Religious Studies, University of St. Michael’s College, Canada) is a Full Professor (retired) in the department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures. He has authored and co-authored many publications in contemporary spirituality and Western religious thought and remains an active board member of the Children’s Aid Society.     

近代浙江地方银行与政府之关系研究

与近代众多官办地方银行显著不同的是,浙江地方银行在其历史上发挥了独特的积极作用,而这种作用的产生与浙江地方银行和政府之间的关系有着深刻的内在联系。本文认为,浙江地方银行与政府(包括中央和地方政府)的关系主要体现在行政上的隶属关系、业务上的管理与被管理以及经营中的利益关系三个层面。总体来看,相互间形成了一种良性循环,并对地方经济起到了有效的促进作用,但同时双方也存在着种种体制和利益上的矛盾冲突。     

Toward a Common Good Theory of the Firm: The Tasubinsa Case

Tasubinsa is a “Special Employment and Occupational Center” constituted in accordance with Spanish Law where 90% of the workers have mental, sensorial or physical impairments of at least 30%. Its positive experience of more than 15 years provides entirely different responses from mainstream neoclassical theory (transaction cost theory, agency theory, and shareholder theory) to basic questions such as “What is a firm?”, “What is its purpose?”, “Who owns a firm?”, and “What do a firm’s owners seek?”. The article discusses how these different premises give rise to a distinctive corporate culture centered on the handicapped person.     

景区成与败与景区商业密不可分

景区开发是否成功与景区商业密不可分,因此,在开发之前就需要对景区未来的商业前景进行预测并得出定论.包括景区商业能发展哪些内容,尤其能否发展住宿、餐饮这些高利润的商业;这些商业是否和景区外的同类商业存在着激烈竞争;为促进商业发展需要建设的商业配套成本是否合适;未来商业运营成本如何.只有这些商业问题能得到比较明晰的分析和判...     

浅析学术交流的成本分类及成本控制

学术交流成本就是指学术交流主体在一定时间内为进行学术交流活动所支付的全部费用。它是考核学术交流投资效益的前提条件，也是计量和预测教师劳动报酬和进行学术交流规划、管理、监督与决策的依据。依据支出性质、使用目的和主体的不同，它可以分为直接与间接、计划与实际、社会与个人、物质与人员、制度和精神等若干成本类别。在学术交流活动中，我们可通过成本计划制定、成本项目设置、成本形成的过程控制等措施，对学术交流成本实施控制。     

掏空、支持与上市公司经营业绩关系研究

以1998-2003年的非金融类上市公司为样本,以大股东占款为研究对象,检验了我国上市公司大股东掏空与支持行为对上市公司经营业绩的影响,研究发现大股东的掏空行为对上市公司的经营业绩具有显著的降低作用,大股东的支持行为对上市公司以会计指标表示的经营业绩具有显著的提高作用,但对以市场指标表示的经营业绩的提高作用不显著,大股东占款程度与上市公司业绩具有显著的负线性关系。     

电子货币发展与存款货币创造能力的相关性研究

电子货币的产生与发展已经给传统的货币金融理论带来了前所未有的挑战,也对商业银行的存款货币创造能力产生了明显的影响。以电子货币为视角,将电子货币引入存款货币创造的理论分析框架,并对电子货币发展与存款货币创造能力的相关性进行实证检验。研究发现:电子货币在放大货币乘数的同时也使其稳定性下降,因此,中央银行难以通过存款准备金政策影响货币乘数,进而影响商业银行的存款货币创造能力,从而加大了中央银行控制货币供给的难度。     

The Managerial Law Firm and the Globalization of Legal Ethics

The processes of economic integration induced by globalization have brought about a certain type of legal practice that challenges the core values of legal ethics. Law firms seeking to represent the interests of internationally active corporate clients must embrace and systematically apply concepts of strategic management and planning and install corporate business structures to sustain competition for lucrative clients. These measures bear a high conflict potential with the core values of legal ethics. However, we observe in parallel a global consolidation of these core values through an enhanced cooperation of national professional bodies, the use of international codes, and comparative legal ethics teaching and research. Furthermore, state regulation of the legal profession is concerned with preserving the core values of legal ethics to conserve the lawyer’s role in upholding the rule of law. This article defends that legal ethics is adapting to the pressures exerted by “managerial” approaches to legal practice without this altering core values that underlie legal ethics.