Innovation performance and the role of clustering at the local enterprise level: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach

ABSTRACT

This study, utilizes an innovative methodological approach, fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), investigating the drivers of heterogeneous geographies characterizing English Local Economic Partnerships (LEPs). The fsQCA technique offers a novel configurational alternative to regression-based approaches investigating the effects of clustering in conjunction with firm-level innovation, university third-sector activity (TSA) and entrepreneurship, on LEPs innovation performance. The findings, offer contributions to the theories of industrial clusters and innovation, regional innovation systems, knowledge spillovers and entrepreneurial university innovation within LEPs. First, supporting fsQCAs, no individual variable generates either a positive/negative innovation outcome. Second, while all positive innovation recipes include presence of the cluster variable, for negative innovation recipes, only one does not identify absence of clustering as relevant. Given that the cluster variable does not appear in any recipes without at least one of the other variables suggests activity concentration does not exist in isolation to generate innovation outcomes without other localized conditions existing, e.g. firm-level innovation. Third, there is evidence for the non-cluster-based aspects of knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship with respect to university activity and the entrepreneurial university concept. Instead, roles of entrepreneurship and university TSA, while important, appear to be more peripheral and geographically context specific.     

基于区域经济发展视角的产业集群竞争优势研究

当今,集群竞争开始代替企业竞争而成为区域经济发展的主流。在对产业集群的创新优势、市场优势等竞争优势进行分析的基础上,指出我国区域产业集群发展中存在着企业间缺乏关联与协作、自主创新能力薄弱、资源约束与环境污染严重等问题。因此,应加强企业间关联度与专业化分工协作、完善产业链并提高产品附加值、提高企业创新能力、坚持区域和集群的可持续发展等。     

科技园区、产业集群与区域经济共生机理分析——以商丘市为例

科技园区和产业集群作为区域经济发展的两大经济胞体,二者之间存在着类似于生物物种之间的共生关系,深层次剖析三者之间的共生机理对于区域经济的可持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。研究表明:科技园区、产业集群与区域经济之间存在着协同进化的关系;企业、产业、集群、园区、集聚区、区域经济构成了具有等级体系的共生单元;区域经济——科技园区——产业集群——企业则形成了圈层嵌套的逐级共生环境;而在商丘市科技园区与产业集群的发展中存在着点共生、间歇共生和一体化共生模式。     

区域产业集群竞争优势构建——基于产业集群与区域创新能力互动关系视角

提升产业集群可持续竞争优势,区域创新能力可能是突破点。本文认为区域创新能力与区域产业集群之间实现互动,能为产业集群拥有竞争优势提供保障,从而促进区域经济可持续发展。产业集群的发展能够为提升区域创新能力提供所需的新知识、新信息;区域创新能力的提升能推动产业结构的调整与优化等,并促进产业集群的发展。本文通过进一步延伸探讨两者的互动关系发现,区域创新能力的加强,能够从开发新技术、引进人才、调整产业结构等方面提升区域产业集群的竞争优势。集群竞争优势的提升还需要全区域各方力量的共同努力,培育创新链条,营造良好的创新环境。     

Enterprise level cluster innovation with policy design

ABSTRACT

An industrial cluster is an important link in the process of industrialization. The existing research is mainly based on the market economy. Our paper considers external policy design for cluster innovation based on the transition from planned economy to market economy in China. This paper finds some enterprises in the cluster are transferred from micro-enterprises to small ones, but does not find clustering from the small enterprise to middle or larger enterprise. Furthermore, our paper explained why such a cluster occurs by applying a semi-parametric counterfactual approach. The results indicate that building cluster zones as upgrading the enterprise structure policy and implementing VAT tax systems as the tax benefit policy has the most proponent role in industrial clustering, whereas increasing the loan/financing as the credit policy has a minor impact, which is not negligible either. Overall, this study explains why clusters shift to high output valued with a high interpretation of up to 97%. The contribution of this paper is not only to describe the time process of micro-to-small enterprise clustering but also to give the policy design how to achieve rapid micro-to-small enterprise clustering.     

中小企业集群竞争优势分析

文章认为,建立在协同竞争基础上的中小企业产业集群克服了单个中小企业在市场竞争中所遭遇的劣势,作为一种经济发展的战略方式,中小企业产业集群在生产和交易的成本控制、技术创新、创新成果的有效传播和融资方式等方面展现出了独有的竞争优势。     

基于创新周期的辽宁工业企业自主创新模式研究

知识经济下,科学技术得到突飞猛进的发展。特别是随着全球化进程的加快,企业间在产品、技术、市场等方面的竞争日趋激烈。为促进辽宁区域经济的发展,辽宁工业企业必须通过自主创新模式的选择来提高企业的核心竞争力,以应对经济全球化的挑战。辽宁各工业企业应充分考虑企业的产业性质、技术、规模、资金成本、市场等方面因素,优化资源要素组合,针对自身现状,制定创新目标,分别选择模仿创新、独立创新或集成创新等创新模式。发挥区域优势,促进辽宁工业企业的长远发展。     

产业集群创新中行业协会的“囚徒困境”分析及措施

企业之间的相互信任、知识共享及分工协作是产业集群形成和发展的基础,也是产业集群创新的关键。文章从这个原则出发,引入了"囚徒困境"博弈模型,分析了两个企业在产业集群合作创新中可能会遇到的困境以及策略,并针对性地提出了构建产业集群内的行业协会来促进企业间合作创新的观点以及一系列政策措施建议。     

关于自发型产业集群构建区域品牌策略的研究

区域品牌对自发型产业集群的发展具有重要的意义,自发型产业集群内多是中小企业,单个企业打造具有影响力的品牌非常困难,需要借助区域品牌来提升竞争力,开拓市场。做大集群的产业规模是区域品牌形成的基础,培育企业名牌是对区域品牌的重要支撑。     

基于“竞合”思想的产业集群技术创新流程的分析与改进

集群内企业间合作技术创新,是提升集群创新能力和提高集群绩效的关键,能降低创新投入,减小创新风险,提高参与企业的收益。文中分析了产业集群内企业传统技术创新流程的问题及原因,提出了基于"竞合"思想对产业集群技术创新流程进行改进,从而为提高技术创新的协同效应、提高产业集群的整体绩效提供帮助。     

Synergistic effects and the co-existence of networks in clusters

Abstract

Network systems like clusters are characterized by the coexistence of relational architectures with ties and nodes of different nature. While recent research has analysed how a set of structural features shape the dynamics and effects of one cluster network, the outstanding question is to what extent such features and outcomes are influenced by the concomitance of distinct content-related linkages. This paper integrates both network and evolutionary economic geography perspectives to develop and test a model that links innovation performance with the benefits that stem from technical and business relations. Data collected in a biotech cluster in the Valencia region (Spain) demonstrate the changing effect of brokerage and overlapping ties on innovation as a function of knowledge shared. Findings extend the theoretical understanding of how knowledge diffuses in clusters and provide valuable insights for both practitioners and policy makers.     

不确定环境下集群企业合作创新的模式选择

合作创新是集群企业良性发展的有效模式,本文借鉴生态学相关理论刻画集群企业生存环境的不确定性,并基于比较制度经济学,探讨不确定环境下集群企业互补式、嵌入式和捆绑式不同合作创新模式的选择,从而为集群企业的合作创新研究提供新的分析视角。     

Strategy and process of value creation and appropriation in service clusters

Service-oriented networks and clusters of firms have increasingly become prevalent in recent decades. This new form of service clusters is different from the traditional industrial clusters in which the focus is primarily on costs, production, and channel distributions. We extend the research on service innovation, alliance networks, and industrial clusters to analyze the strategy and the process of value creation and appropriation in service clusters. Higher perceived customer value is created and delivered by a network of agglomerate firms dynamically engaged in value networking and service innovation. The proposed theoretical framework and innovation mechanism provide new insights for firms located in the service clusters to gain and sustain competitive advantages. It also offers a new perspective for policymakers to advance regional and global competitiveness.     

生态系统视角下的物流产业集群创新体系研究--以天津市为例

首先基于生态学理论、产业集群技术创新理论,界定物流产业集群创新生态系统的内涵与特征,从产业核心层、技术核心层、辅助创新层和创新环境层构建物流产业集群创新生态系统结构模型,分析其创新协同进化机制;然后构建物流产业集群创新生态系统评价指标体系,应用熵值-TOPSIS方法对天津物流产业集群创新发展进行实证分析。研究发现:天津物流产业集群创新发展水平处于规模递增阶段,但存在规模效率过低、创新要素投入不足等问题;最后提出相应对策建议,对提升区域物流产业集群创新发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

构建河南省产业集群供应链体系策略研究

区域产业集群发展中总会遇到集群衰退、集群创新力下降以及产业集群抵御环境变化能力下降等不可避免的系列问题。由于初级产品产业比重大、附加值低等,河南省产业集群所面临的问题就更多,急需解决。通过对河南省产业集群现状的分析,抓住河南省产业集群的基本特点和共性问题,基于供应链理论,认为产业集群存在的劣势和风险需要建立完善的供应链系统才能解决。针对河南省不同产业集群的优势和各自特点,提出构建河南省产业集群的供应链体系策略即构建跨区域的产业供应链体系,规划出重点产业集群核心企业的供应链战略,产业集群供应链伙伴关系管理策略。     

银行业与制造业协同集聚的创新效应研究——基于中国257地级市数据的实证检验

基于中国工业企业数据和金融活动普查数据库,构建了银行业和制造业协同集聚指数,研究了银行业与制造业协同集聚对制造业企业新产品创新的影响效果,并对其中的影响机制进行了深入探究。实证研究结果表明：银行业与制造业协同集聚水平的提升有效地促进了制造业企业的创新行为;进一步研究发现,协同集聚水平的提升主要通过改善企业融资约束的水平和长期债务融资的获得,从而促进企业的创新。协同集聚对不同类型的企业创新具有异质性影响,其作用会因企业规模、所有制以及所在地区等因素存在差异。通过采用不同方法及样本的检验后,上述结论依然成立。研究结论为优化产业集聚演进、推动创新驱动战略的实施提供了新的依据。     

United we stand,divided we fall? Clustered firms’ relationships after the 2008 crisis

Abstract

Research on clusters or industrial districts within various schools of thought focuses on the relationships between clustered firms. We observed that the territory can produce sources of advantage, but also disadvantages, for firms. Using an exploratory and qualitative approach, the aim of this work is to determine what happened in the Spanish ceramic tile industrial district firms’ relationships after the 2008 crisis. The analysis has been performed in three of the dimensions in which these connections can take place: cooperation – horizontal and vertical cooperation, knowledge transfer and supporting institutions, along with innovation as a measure of performance. In order to examine these shifts, members of the firms and institutions in the cluster were interviewed, resulting in eight propositions for changes that may take place when the competition is intensified within a cluster, suggesting an analytical framework that could be tested in future research.     

Intangible assets as drivers of innovation: Empirical evidence on multinational enterprises in German and UK regional systems of innovation

The sources of value creation are increasingly relying on intangible assets (IAs). IAs are the lifeblood of knowledge-intensive industries where the new value added is disproportionally based on specialized, non-repetitious activities. However, while the role of IAs is recognised as central to sustain the competitiveness of firms and innovation systems, the understanding of the mechanisms through which IAs display their effects has not yet been fully grasped.By focussing on the processes through which investments in IAs occur, this paper aims to explore the key dimensions through which two specific IAs - organisational and network capital - are enhanced and contribute to the innovativeness and embeddedness of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in regional innovation systems. On the basis of over forty in-depth interviews to leading staff of German and UK flagship MNEs operating in the automotive, life science and ICT sectors, the paper shows that MNEs adopt rather distinctive strategies to develop IAs; that MNE degree of local embeddedness is strictly related to both the kind of IA strategy and the local environment; and that causation mechanisms are at work between MNE embeddedness and regional creation of IAs.     

产业集群演化和发展中的人力资本作用研究

作为区域经济发展的领头模式,产业集群经济现象备受学界和政府瞩目。人力资本在产业集群的形成和发展创新中作用重要,但目前还未引起很大的重视。站在人力资本理论视角,可以对产业集群的相关理论研究做一定程度的弥补和修正,提出一些基于人力资本投资的产业创新策略,以促进产业集群的可持续发展。     

新发展格局下中国五大城市群创新发展战略研究

我国正处于百年未有之大变局,在“双循环”背景下,创新仍然是促进区域经济高质量发展和获取竞争优势的关键。然而,在“双循环”新发展格局下,我国五大城市群面临着中心城市虹吸效应突出,区域发展非均衡程度较高;核心城市引领性不足,区域产业同质问题突出;国际局势影响程度较高,抗风险能力较低以及知识流动程度较低,企业创新实践能力较差等突出问题。在当前逆全球化背景下,急需实施“双循环”新发展格局下的区域创新发展战略。结合我国五大国家级城市群发展现状和创新模式,因地制宜提出“双循环”新发展格局下的区域创新发展战略,可以更好地发挥国内国际“双循环”相互促进的效果。