我国烟草专卖制度实现重大转变的“六要”——纪念中国改革开放30周年

我国烟草专卖制度要实现由专卖管理向经济上垄断专卖专营转变,必须做到“六要”：即要以减害降害为专卖制度根本宗旨;要以满足广大消费者需要为社会责任;要以为国家提供财政收入为行业使命;要在专卖体制下更注重严格规范;要在专卖体制下更加注重充满活力,提高效率;要在专卖制度下不断提高行业竞争力。     

中国居民收入分配差距扩大现状、原因与对策

深化分配制度改革,缩小收入差距,实现真正的共同富裕是实现中国经济可持续发展的重要问题之一.改革开放以来我国经济社会发展的现实说明居民收入差距有不断扩大的趋势.既有受教育程度、技能水平、就业机会的不均等,也有经济结构变化、经济政策变化、市场机制等方面的原因.在此基础上,提出了缩小收入差距,实现共同富裕的具体对策是:发展教育和经济,扩大就业;坚持就业优先和兼顾公平相结合的分配原则;切实增加农民收入;规范市场竞争秩序,强化收入分配制度改革,完善最低工资保障制度等.     

用人单位对员工权利限制的正当性标准探讨

用人单位对员工权利的限制,有其存在的合理性和必然性,法律应对此予以认可。同时法律应确立相应的权利限制 的正当性标准,以对用人单位限制员工权利的行为加以必要的规范和指导。对劳动者实行倾斜立法,只能是立法的技巧,而不 能是立法的理念,法律必须兼顾用人单位的经营利益。     

A Note on Investment Incentives in the WTO and the Transition Economies

Most of the transition economies are already members of or in the process of accession to the WTO. Therefore their investment incentive regimes need to be compatible with the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures in the WTO. This study compares the fiscal investment incentives in the transition economies provided to foreign investors and shows which are expected to be phased out soon owing to their inconsistency with the current WTO regulations. It would be to their own benefit for these economies to make their investment policies consistent with the relevant WTO provisions, to take steps to eliminate subsidies prohibited in the WTO system and to try not to waste their resources, considering that the incentives may be subjected to countervailing measures by WTO members.     

Advertising and search engines. A model of leadership in search advertising

We analyze the role of leadership in a multi-sided market as search advertising, assuming quantity competition and different entry conditions (with barriers to entry or endogenous entry). The model can be microfounded taking into account network effects, multi-homing on the advertising side and scale in search. If there are barriers to entry and the network effects are strong, there is an incentive for the leader to exploit them and attract more consumers to monopolize advertising. Under barriers to entry, the leading platform has also a strategic incentive to exploit scale in search, to manipulate search results to divert search traffic from other platforms, and to introduce limits to multi-homing, with the aim of expanding its market share and deny scale to competitors.     

和谐营销中的社会责任观念

社会责任对于和谐营销的意义在于：赢得消费者的支持和尊敬,提升企业和谐营销效益;提高企业的凝聚力,促进和谐营销团队建设;实现企业、消费者、社会共赢,企业长久发展。在和谐营销中实施社会责任从根本上讲,是构建企业以社会责任观念为核心的企业价值观和企业文化,营造社会责任氛围,开发社会责任产品,把承担社会责任作为企业战略实现和谐营销与社会责任的统一,使消费者利益、企业利益、社会利益在更高的层次上达到和谐统一,进一步降低消费者、企业、社会的发展成本,是建设和谐社会中发挥企业责任和作用的最佳途径。     

Non-uniformity of job-matching in a transition economy – A nonparametric analysis for the Czech Republic

This study explores the properties and development of the matching technology in the Czech Republic during the transition to a market economy. Nonparametric additive modelling allows us to assess flexible functional forms, which comprise for instance CES and trans-log specifications. This enables us to evaluate the matching process locally for each combination of unemployment and vacancies rather than being restricted to global coefficients. Special interest is devoted to analysis and economic determinants of regional variation in the returns to scale of the matching function. Non-linearities are found in the partial adjustment process of unemployment outflows, and a negative coefficient on vacancies in some years. Moreover, increasing returns to scale in job-matching are found locally. Returns to scale are found to be negatively correlated to the share in employment in services and to outmigration, positively correlated to the employment share in industry, the unemployment rate and various measures of active labour market policies.     

循环经济的本质与我国发展循环经济的路径选择

本文从循环经济的基本理论入手,探讨了循环经济概念的渊源,指出循环经济是一种全新的发展模式,并且论述了发展循环经济的必要性,分析了中国发展循环经济面临的问题,最后提供了推进循环经济的路径选择:加大宣传发展循环经济的重要意义;不断调整和优化产业结构;建立和完善循环经济政策和体制;为循环经济发展提供有力的技术支撑;探索建立绿色国民经济核算体系;加强国际合作,追踪先进理论和科技等八项措施.     

Biased valuations, damage assessments, and policy choices: The choice of measure matters

Damages from, for example, an oil spill can be measured by how much people are willing to pay to avoid them, or by the minimum compensation they demand to accept them; and decisions to clean up can be justified by the willingness to pay to do it or by the compensation necessary to forgo it. Contrary to the usual official and unofficial conventions that the choice of measure is of no matter, the empirical evidence and intuitions of most people strongly suggest otherwise. The appropriate choice of measure appears to turn, not on legal entitlements, but on the reference state people use to judge negative and positive changes — a criteria that is likely to call into question most estimates of the damages of increased health risks and the value of environmental mitigation efforts.     

滨海新区形成高层次服务产业结构的路径选择

滨海新区欲做到高起点、高层次、高水平发展关键在于充分认识现代服务业在城市经济发展中揪的主导作用,着力构筑高层次产业结构,突显现代服务业的主导地位,选择能够充分发挥后发优势的加快发展现代服务业的路径.     

儒学基本理念研究初探

“儒学”指自孔子创立儒家学派起传承至今的儒家学说。儒学中的“儒”是指从事礼仪教化的士大夫阶层。“仁爱”思想、“和”的思想、“义”的思想分别是儒学基本理念的核心思想、精髓思想和基础思想。通过对儒学基本理念的演变进程进行梳理,可以看出近代儒学的衰落并不意味着儒学的消亡。在当今社会,儒学的合理内核体现在儒学基本理念的社会意涵之中。     

Educational Policy: Egalitarian or Elitist?

This paper uses a general-equilibrium model of production and predation to explain observed differences across countries in educational policies. This model predicts, in accord with the facts, that countries in which the government is willing and able to enforce a collective choice to allocate resources to guarding against predators choose to have egalitarian educational policies, which serve to decrease the amount of guarding required to deter predation. In contrast, countries in which individual producers, or small subsets of producers, choose the amount of resources to allocate to guarding against predators, taking the ratio of predators to producers as given, choose to have elitist educational policies, which can serve to decrease the number of potential predators.     

三峡库区第三产业发展与城镇功能恢复重建的基本思路探析

本文从优化三峡库区产业结构,合理布局三峡库区第三产业,提高商贸流通业现代化水平,全方位拓展三峡旅游业,大力发展非公有制经济,优化调整库区网点与业态,加大招商引资和对口支援力度,大力发展劳务经济,构建功能完备各具特色的三峡库区城镇市政设施系统和社会事业发展系统,落实优惠扶持政策等方面,探析了三峡库区第三产业发展与城镇功能恢复重建及完善提升的基本思路。     

努力构建严规矩正风气的和谐发展环境

近年来,南京军区73869部队党委、纪委认真贯彻落实军委、总部和上级关于办事公开的有关规定,坚持把业务工作的关节点作为办事公开的关键点,把群众关注的敏感点作为办事公开的着力点,把违规违纪的多发点作为办事公开的切入点,完善公开内容,拓宽公开领域,规范公开程序,创新公开形式,切实解决尺度难把握、监督难见底、落实难坚持的问题,努力形成全方位拓展、深层次推动、常态化运行的制度机制,有力有序有效推进办事公开向纵深发展。     

甘肃省耕地资源禀赋与贫困关系的量化研究

文章对甘肃省87个县以及其中的43个国家贫困县的耕地资源指标和贫困指标进行了相关分析,得出的结论是:甘肃省耕地资源禀赋与贫困之间没有相关性。因此要解决甘肃省的贫困问题,保证粮食安全战略,进而实现可持续发展的目标,必须提高土地质量,发展生态农业,增加单位面积的产出,并调整农业产业结构。片面扩大耕地面积不仅不能够提高粮食产量,反而会造成发展的不可持续性。     

农产品质量安全检测运行机制:来自韩国批发市场的启示

本文详细介绍了韩国可乐农水产品批发市场农产品安全检测体制的建立及其绩效，在对该体制特点深入分析的基础上，总结并提炼出对我国农产品批发市场的建设的有益经验与启示。主要结论为：建立系统化的农产品安全检测体制，重视批发市场与工商局等政府部门之间的协调与合作，制定合理的检测样品费用支付制度；借鉴先进的检测手段和方法，更新技术设备，提高农产品检测精度，增加检测品种；进一步提高风险管理水平和检测人员的素质；对不合格的农产品要采取严格的处理措施；与市场价格，交易数量一样，公布安全检测信息，大力鼓励普通市民参与监督。     

International Markets and Open Economy Macroeconomics: a Keynesian view

This paper attempts to sketch a Keynesian response to the gap between the reality of international capital markets and the ‘standard paradigm’ of economic theory that underpins the policy model offered to poor countries in relation to their participation in the world economy and their national macroeconomic management. Recent work on imperfect markets, much of it from self-styled ‘New Keynesian’ point of view, implies a substantial modification of this standard paradigm to allow for non-price clearing but this does not appear to to have been integrated with new trade theories, while the implications of systemic volatility and credit rationing behaviour have not been theorized. The paper suggests that a return to Keynes's original approach to investor uncertainty and global demand might not only help to integrate international macroeconomic theory in a plausible manner but also contribute to the foumulation of more desirable policy positions.     

Hedonic price equilibria, stable matching, and optimal transport: equivalence, topology, and uniqueness

Hedonic pricing with quasi-linear preferences is shown to be equivalent to stable matching with transferable utilities and a participation constraint, and to an optimal transportation (Monge–Kantorovich) linear programming problem. Optimal assignments in the latter correspond to stable matchings, and to hedonic equilibria. These assignments are shown to exist in great generality; their marginal indirect payoffs with respect to agent type are shown to be unique whenever direct payoffs vary smoothly with type. Under a generalized Spence-Mirrlees condition (also known as a twist condition) the assignments are shown to be unique and to be pure, meaning the matching is one-to-one outside a negligible set. For smooth problems set on compact, connected type spaces such as the circle, there is a topological obstruction to purity, but we give a weaker condition still guaranteeing uniqueness of the stable match.     

Subsidies as an alternative to the Australian tariff

A subsidy is said to be able to achieve the same objective(s) as a tariff with less resource misallocation and greater visibility to taxpayers. The ORANI general equilibrium model is used to explore the practical difficulties of defining what are the subsidy alternatives to a tariffand to examine the significance of particular subsidy alternatives to specific tariff policies. The conclusion is reached that it is unwise to speak of the subsidy alternative to the tariff without specifying precisely what tariff policy and what subsidy alternative to the tariff one has in mind.     

Financialization and Society’s Protective Response: Reconsidering Karl Polanyi’s Double Movement

Financialization challenges Karl Polanyi’s thesis of double movement, the thesis that efforts to extend the market evoke efforts to protect humans, nature, and means of production from market forces. Financialization refers to the increased power of financial institutions. The government protects the incomes and assets of financial institutions, but it does little to protect the incomes and assets of households, which are necessary for people to afford healthcare, education, emergencies, retirement, and so on. Polanyi criticized nineteenth-century civilization for transforming land, labor, and the means of production into commodities, using economic insecurity to motivate humans. The development of intangible property allowed business to expand the market in two ways: (i) restricting output to drive up profits and (ii) liquefying consumer assets to provide credit to consumers to increase spending. The implications of that process manifested themselves in the financial crisis of 2008. Market capitalism represented the attempt to organize commodities based on economic rationality. Similarly, the twentieth- and twenty-first-century capitalism represents the effort to “rationally” organize society according to the value of intangible assets. Both efforts failed, indicating the continued relevance of Polanyi’s thesis.