中国企业对外直接投资行为分析

中国企业的对外直接投资问题正越来越受到学术界的关注。由于独特的历史及制度特征和转型经济特点,中国企业的对外直接投资行为表现出有别于西方国家的特点,也使得相关的理论对中国企业的投资行为缺乏有力的解释。本文在梳理经典对外直接投资理论的基础上,结合中国企业对外直接投资的现状,提出了一个四象限的分析框架,指出了传统理论的局限性,并吸收传统理论中的部分成果,结合中国企业对外直接投资的特征进行理论扩展。我们的主要结论是,中国企业的对外直接投资行为,不仅是其在全球化条件下实现国际化学习和成长的内在需要,而且也是相关企业与国内外制度环境互动的结果。     

金融危机背景下我国的对外直接投资

国际金融危机的爆发给中国对外直接投资的发展提供了历史机遇。本文回顾了国际投资理论,特别是发展中国家的对外投资理论,分析了金融危机背景下企业对外直接投资增长的原因,并详细阐述了目前我国对外直接投资存在的不足之处,进而提出相应的对策建议。     

中国企业国际化路径演变模式实证分析

将中国企业的出口区位分布与对外直接投资区位分布进行比较发现:在中国出口聚集的地区同样是对外直接投资聚集的地方,也即出现了企业出口与投资的“区位聚集”现象。本文经过实证分析,证明了中国的企业对外直接投资具有贸易导向性和企业国际化阶段理论(U-M)在中国企业国际化进程中的适用性。     

文化距离、海外华人网络与中国企业对外直接投资区位选择

本文利用企业层面对外直接投资项目面板数据,采用负二项回归模型实证考察了文化距离与东道国华人网络对中国企业对外直接区位选择的影响。实证研究发现,东道国与中国文化距离的增加对中国企业对外直接投资有显著的抑制作用,但东道国华人网络对中国企业对外直接投资有显著的促进作用。文章最后对研究的理论价值和实践意义进行了讨论。     

中国企业对外直接投资的区位选择——基于企业异质性理论的实证研究

本文以企业异质性理论为研究框架,利用2003-2007年中国企业层面数据,探讨了中国企业对外直接投资(OFDI)的扩展边际,并对企业OFDI区位选择进行了实证检验。研究表明,中国企业OFDI行为中存在自我选择效应,企业生产率的提高能够促进企业的对外直接投资,同时,企业生产率越高,其所投资的东道国个数越多;一国市场规模越大、生产成本越低或者贸易成本越高,其生产率阈值越低,能够吸引更多中国企业对其进行对外直接投资。     

中国对外直接投资动力机制探讨

近年来,中国对外直接投资飞速发展,其背后的动力机制是什么？引起了国内外学术界的广泛关注。该文从探讨中国对外直接投资所引发的理论入手,分析中国对外直接投资的动因,指出：中国对外直接投资的动力机制由企业所有权优势和国家特定优势共同组成;企业所有权优势是中国对外直接投资的基础,国家特定优势是中国对外直接投资的重要推动力量。     

“一带一路”机遇期企业对外投资战略探究

"一带一路"是我国近年来重大的国家发展战略,在全球新的经济形势下能够扩大对外贸易助力企业对外投资。本文基于中国企业对外直接投资的现状,结合国内外相关理论分析"一带一路"机遇下的中国企业对外直接投资战略选择。     

中国对发展中国家对外直接投资研究——基于制度距离的解释

传统理论认为东道国恶劣的制度环境会降低外国直接投资的经营绩效,进而不利于东道国吸引外国直接投资。但近年来,中国对外直接投资在发展中国家增长迅速,而后者往往制度环境较为恶劣,制度风险比较突出。本文基于制度距离的视角,从理论和实证上对中国向中低收入发展中国家对外投资进行检验。结果表明:制度距离与我国对发展中国家对外直接投资呈反向关系,并在此基础上为我国企业"走出去"提供了政策建议。     

中国企业对外直接投资的现状分析

自党的十六大提出"走出去"战略以来,中国企业对外投资取得的许多辉煌的成绩,本文简要地分析了中国企业对外投资的发展历程,介绍了企业对外投资的成绩,并对中国企业对外直接投资存在的问题进行了评述。     

对外直接投资动因的动态解释:一个企业成长的分析框架

自从1960年海默开创对外直接投资理论研究以来,众多经济学家从不同层次和角度研究企业对外直接投资的原因及条件,从而形成了众多跨国企业理论.这些跨国企业理论认为企业的特有优势是与生俱来的,企业对外直接投资的动因就是利用这些优势产生更大的利润,因此分析角度是静态的.本文以企业成长最大化目标为切入点,从动态角度解释对外直接投资,并指出企业对成长最大化目标的追求是企业进行对外直接投资的重要动因.     

国际金融危机背景下的中国对外直接投资

在国际金融危机的背景下,中国对外直接投资不但没有放缓,反而迅速增长。本文对现阶段中国对外直接投资的特点、机遇和存在的问题进行分析,并从政府和企业两个层面提出促进中国对外直接投资进一步健康发展的相应战略。     

Two-dimensional analysis of the impact of outward FDI on performance at home: Evidence from Japanese manufacturing firms

This paper empirically investigates two dimensions of changes in firm behavior and performance before and after foreign direct investment (FDI). The first dimension is the difference between vertical and horizontal FDI. The second dimension is the effect of outward FDI on firms’ production and non-production activities in the home country. In our careful empirical analysis we use the propensity score matching method to show that the impact of outward FDI differs by dimension, that is, by FDI type and firms’ production and non-production activities. In particular, while horizontal FDI increases demand for non-production workers, vertical FDI increases demand for skilled production workers.     

中国企业走出去的理论解读

本文首先从国际商务和国际经济学两个角度对企业对外直接投资理论进行了概述;然后结合中国企业走出去的实际,从资源论、产业组织论、制度论的角度进行了理论探索以及实证经验的总结。文章发现现阶段中国走出去的企业没有明显的资源优势;产业环境对中国企业国际化有重要影响,能部分地解释中国企业的走出去行为;制度因素是影响中国企业走出去的关键因素。     

中国对外直接投资发展阶段的实证研究

伴随着中国经济国际竞争力的不断增强和“走出去”战略的逐步实施,中国已成为新兴的对外直接投资来源地。本文应用最新的经济统计数据,就中国经济发展水平和对外直接投资之间的关系进行实证研究,以此分析判断中国对外直接投资所处的发展阶段及未来趋势。实证结果表明:一方面,中国对外直接投资与邓宁的投资发展周期理论对经济发展与对外投资之间关系的规律性认识相吻合;另一方面,中国现阶段的对外直接投资的实际情况与理论预期还存在较大的差距,对外直接投资的发展阶段滞后于经济整体发展水平。     

THE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: MARKET‐ORIENTED VERSUS COST‐ORIENTED

This paper examines the impact of exchange rate movements on foreign direct investment (FDI). We first employ a real options model to show that while the depreciation of a host country's currency tends to stimulate FDI activity of cost‐oriented firms, the depreciation tends to deter FDI activity for market‐oriented firms. With industry panel data on Taiwan's outward FDI into China over the period 1991–2002, our empirical findings indicate that the exchange rate level and its volatility in addition to the relative wage rate have had a significant impact on Taiwanese firms’ outward FDI into China. In general, the empirical results are consistent with the prediction of the theory. Our results reveal that the relationship between exchange rates and FDI is crucially dependent on the motives of the investing firms. Without considering this fact in an empirical model, the testing results might suffer from aggregations bias.     

The Determinants and Motivations of China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment: A Spatial Gravity Model Approach

Abstract

The study attempts to investigate the features and determinants of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) into 138 countries and Chinese firms' investment strategies over the 2003–2009 period using an augmented gravity model with spatial linkages. The respective evaluations of China's OFDI are indicative of the important role played by non-financial OFDI. At the same time, Chinese firms prefer to invest in high-tech industries in developed countries while also focusing on the extraction of natural resources around the world. The empirical findings show that the host country's economic size has a significantly positive effect in terms of promoting Chinese OFDI. Chinese firms favour a complex-vertical platform in the developed countries while they prefer a market potential foreign direct investment (FDI) surrounding the host developing countries and an export-platform FDI in the petroleum exporting countries based on the surrounding market potential effect and spatial effect. The fuel extraction motive plays a key role in China's OFDI in line with the realities of Chinese FDI strategies in recent years.     

China's outward foreign direct investment in the Belt and Road Initiative: What are the motives for Chinese firms to invest?

Because of the potentially large and important effects of the extremely ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) launched by China in late 2013, considerable attention has been given to the motives for, and repercussions of, the BRI-driven infrastructural projects. Yet, the non-infrastructural outward foreign direct investment (FDI) from China to BRI countries, which varies quite substantially across different sectors and different countries, has not yet received much attention. In contrast to some recent studies showing that the massive initiative has increased China's total FDI outflows to fellow BRI countries, in this paper, based on our sector-level difference-in-differences models, we find that effect to be statistically insignificant. Yet, at the same time, we provide empirical evidence on the sectoral pattern of China's outward FDI before and after 2014 indicating that China's FDI outflows to BRI countries have significantly increased in sectors characterized by overcapacity and contributing to pollution in China, thereby demonstrating that China's BRI-driven outward FDI has been very selective in terms of sectors. We confirm these findings with a variety of robustness checks and show that it is BRI countries with relatively low institutional quality that have been more likely to receive these types of FDI from China. We thus speculate that Chinese firms have been motivated to place FDI investments in BRI countries for the sake of alleviating China's own overcapacity and pollution problems. Our findings lead us to suggest that, although these sectoral patterns are consistent with the different stages of economic development in which China and its fellow BRI-identified countries find themselves, Chinese investors and host country governments should be more concerned with the potential for unwanted side-effects of the FDI investments so that the mutually beneficial effects of the BRI can be sustained into the indefinite future among all countries involved.     

东道国区位优势与中国对外直接投资的相关性研究——基于动态面板数据广义矩估计分析

本文使用2003～2007年中国与74个东道国的数据,采用GMM方法进行动态面板数据分析,考察了对东道国区位优势与中国对外直接投资之间的相关性。经验研究发现:东道国市场规模和资源禀赋是决定现阶段中国对外直接投资的重要因素,密切的贸易联系也会显著地促进中国的投资,然而东道国良好的制度建设却会产生抑制作用,此外东道国完善的基础设施和较高的技术水平也不会显著地引起中国对外直接投资的变化。