HR and IT capabilities and complementarities in knowledge-intensive services

The main premise of this article is that human resources (HR) and information technologies (IT) are central rather than support functions in knowledge-intensive services. By building management capabilities in both HR and IT, knowledge-intensive services can transform their business processes that, in turn, enable them to provide exemplary services to the customers. Our arguments are grounded in the three related theoretical frameworks of the resource-based view, organizational capabilities, and the theory of complementarities. We suggest that the research and practice in HR and IT fields may have to focus on HR and IT capabilities rather than HR practices or IT investments as the sources of sustainable competitive advantage since capabilities better fit the definition of a ‘resource’ than HR practices or IT investments. Further, organizational capabilities in both HR and IT may enable knowledge-intensive services to transcend the inherent tradeoff between cost and responsiveness. We also discuss the role of HR and IT in knowledge management.     

Incentives for knowledge sharing: impact of organisational culture and information technology

This research presents and examines an analytical model of knowledge management in which organisational culture dynamically improves with knowledge-sharing and learning activities within organisations. We investigate the effects of organisational incentives and the level of information technology on the motivation of knowledge sharing. We derive a linear incentive reward structure for knowledge sharing under both homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. In addition, we show how the organisational culture and the optimum linear sharing reward change with several crucial factors, and summarise three sets of methods (strong IT support, congruent organisational culture, and effective employee assessment) to complement the best linear incentive. Our research provides valuable insights for practitioners in terms of implementing knowledge-management initiatives.     

重量级IT项目敏捷管理方法研究

重量级IT项目具有高度复杂性和不确定性，以过程为基础的项目管理需要借敏捷方法加以改进。本文以阐明IT项目的复杂产品系统特性为起点，从复杂产品系统的模块化及分解入手，讨论了IT产品的动态形成过程，提出了一个重量级IT项目敏捷管理方法框架。在该方法中，探讨了复杂产品分解的随机Petri网概念模型、柔性团队行为模型、重载方法适度规范集以及基于知识转移的敏捷开发过程。     

PMP® certification as a core competency: Necessary but not sufficient

This research seeks to investigate the relationship between project management certification and established project management core competencies in the IT industry. This study was conducted in two phases, the objective being to first identify those characteristics most common to the successful hire of project managers, from the perspective of IT recruiters. Once identified, the study sought to determine preference for these characteristics from the point of view of corporate IT executives. Two hypotheses were tested in an effort to determine the valuation of Project Management Professional (PMP®) certification as a core competency and as an indicator of project success. Both hypotheses were rejected, as results indicated that PMP® certification was the least valued of 15 core competencies and that there was no difference in project success rates between PMP®‐certified project managers and uncertified project managers. In addition, recruiters' and IT executives' suggestions for improvement in the delivery of the project management body of knowledge are discussed.     

知识管理导向的工程项目管理个案研究

本案例以中海油旗下的海洋石油工程股份有限公司为研究对象,对比分析了五个相似工程项目的异同,并以项目管理理论和知识管理理论为依托,分析了该企业工程项目建设中的成功经验、不足以及应用知识管理的必要性。在此基础上,结合工程项目实际,提出了以知识管理为导向的三维工程项目管理体系,并进行了说明。     

ITIL管理标准在医院IT运维服务管理中的实践探讨

医院多种IT软件系统和网络设备的并存,使得IT运维管理变得越来越复杂、技术难度也越来越高,因而有效利用现有资源,提高运维工作效率,不断提高IT运维管理人员和技术人员的业务能力,正逐渐成为医院IT部门高效运行的关键因素。本文结合课题组正在进行的研究,导入ITIL标准进行医院IT运维服务管理实践应用,旨在打通IT部门和业务部门之间的结构性障碍,全面系统地实施IT运维服务管理,规范IT服务管理工作,提高IT管理工作的效率。     

Differentiation and dynamism within the IT development program

Information technology (IT) developments of large magnitude organize as collections of multiple projects into a single program, especially under dynamic conditions of market uncertainty that frequently change requirements or solutions midstream. Successful completion of an IT development program requires that the multiple teams work effectively together as well as independently in response to changes by relying on the differentiation of talent and knowledge available to the program manager. We consider and empirically support a model derived from principles in the multi-team systems (MTS) literature to determine the influence of differentiation among the IT program in the sharing of knowledge and information. The relationship from differentiation to program success is mediated by knowledge and information sharing, showing how to manage change through the dissemination of information and knowledge. Uncertainty of the market positively moderates the relation from differentiation among projects to information sharing. These findings contribute to the literature by empirically validating that MTS frameworks are exceptionally well suited for dealing with complex environments in the context of IT development.     

The Effects of Incentive Mechanism on Knowledge Management Performance in China: The Moderating Role of Knowledge Attributes

Knowledge management of a new product development project team is critical for a firm's competitive advantage, and incentive mechanism is one of the most effective knowledge management drives. In this paper, we examined the effects of non‐financial incentive and team‐based financial incentive on knowledge management performance in China and identified the moderating effects of knowledge attributes (codifiability and teachability). Our findings indicate that non‐financial incentive and team‐based financial incentive have positive effects on knowledge management performance. Codifiability and teachability enhance the team‐based financial incentive–knowledge management performance relationship. Finally, implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Cyber supply chain risk management: Revolutionizing the strategic control of critical IT systems

Cyber supply chain risk management (CSCRM) is a new discipline designed to help IT executives address the challenges of the rapid globalization and outsourced diffusion of hardware and software systems. CSCRM is an integrative discipline combining elements of cybersecurity, supply chain management, and enterprise risk management into a new and powerful concept to exert strategic control over the end-to-end processes of the focal organization and its extended enterprise partners. This article provides a survey of the field, as well as a detailed analysis of the results of a four-year research project on CSCRM, conducted by the Robert H. Smith School of Business Supply Chain Management Center for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, that focused on the development of organizational assessment tools and a capability/maturity model for this emerging discipline.     

浅谈信息化技术在物流管理中的应用

现代市场的激烈竞争趋势,使得企业不断提高自身的市场竞争力,企业物流信息化管理是提高企业竞争力的有效途径。但是企业中还存在不少的问题阻碍着企业物流信息化管理的全面实现。针对这些问题,我们应该:转变传统理念,重视物流信息化管理建设;建设物流信息管理系统,搭建信息管理平台;加强网络建设,发展物流信息化管理技术;培养物流信息化管理专业人才。     

中小型IT企业人力资源管理研究

人力资源是知识经济时代最重要的战略资源。随着社会的发展,人才的竞争会越来越激烈,尤其是在IT这个快速成长的行业中。要想在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地,如何实现有效的人力资源管理成为企业必须解决的问题。本文首先分析了中小型IT企业的人力资源的特点及其人力资源管理的现状,以此为依据,总结出中小型IT企业要想提高企业的竞争力,必须做好人力资源管理工作,同时提出解决企业现有人力资源管理问题的措施。     

烟草建设项目知识管理研究

烟草建设的大型化、复杂化,给项目管理的知识共享带来极大的挑战,如何应用现代管理手段,实现知识的收集、积累、挖掘、总结和共享,是当前项目管理工作亟待解决的问题。本文基于烟草建设项目的工程实践,对知识管理在烟草建设项目管理中的应用作了一定的研究,分析了知识管理的对象和实施机理,提出了知识管理的措施。     

IT战略规划--实现IT目标与企业目标的战略集成

伴随信息化的发展而出现的“IT黑洞”,使得IT治理成为当下企业的热门话题之一,而IT治理的核心环节是公司的IT目标是否与战略目标相一致。通过分析IT目标与企业目标的互动关系,进而提出实现二者战略集成的利器—IT战略规划,指出其对于有效地解决“IT黑洞”问题,以及推动我国企业信息化优势提升的探索与实践,都具有重大意义。同时就如何进行企业IT战略规划进行了论述,最后对IT战略规划作了进一步的思考。     

Knowledge transformation in project networks: A speech act level cross‐boundary analysis

Researchers stress the importance of understanding knowledge transformation in projects. To explore how knowledge is transformed across organizational and specialization boundaries in project networks, we observed 22 knowledge transformation cases in two project networks. We found that new knowledge was created across specialization boundaries and that knowledge was altered across organizational boundaries. When both organizational and specialization boundaries were crossed, new knowledge was created. From these findings, we developed a set of propositions and formulated these into a model of knowledge transformation in project networks. This research contributes to a better understanding of knowledge transformation processes and outcomes in project networks.     

The rational choice of not applying project risk management in information technology projects

The management of risk is considered a key discipline by the Project Management Institute and the Association for Project Management. However, knowledge of what needs to be done frequently fails to result in action consistent with that knowledge. The reasons for this seem to have received little attention. This study researched the degree of use of project risk management and barriers that prevent IT project managers from using risk management. Interviews and a survey were carried out. The results show that, in one‐third of cases, because of the problem of cost justification, no formal project risk management process was applied.     

Translating single project management knowledge to project programs

Over the past decade, the efficient implementation of project programs became of great importance. Many authors are concerned with improving the professionalism of implementing project programs, and most of them identify context‐related factors that are considered the bases of successful implementation. However, little has been written on how to use the project management toolkit in project programs. In mid‐2007, a research program was initiated to highlight the role of the single project management toolkit in implementing programs. During the research, both case‐based and interview‐based research methods were used. The primary question addressed in this article is how to translate single project management knowledge to program management.     

基于决策树技术的信息化项目文化冲突研究

企业在信息化项目实施的各个环节中普遍存在各种各样的冲突．对冲突进行有效识别，依据冲突类型选择合适的对策．是降低项目风险、实现项目效益的关键。信息化项目的高复杂性、高风险性对项目的冲突管理提出了较高的要求．目前对信息化项目中的冲突管理研究较多集中于管理理念和理论分析层面。结合文化冲突特点的实证研究较少。决策树方法是数据挖掘及数据分析中广泛应用的技术。具有清晰直观、易于解释的优点。本文通过决策树C5．0算法，尝试运用数据挖掘技术进行文化冲突研究。通过对项目中6种冲突管理决策类型的分析，提供了依据冲突情景选择应对策略的分类决策方法。实验证明，该方法可行。本研究为我国企业在信息化项目中遇到的冲突问题。提供了应对方法，同时也扩展了数据挖掘决策树技术的应用领域。     

Differences Between Clients’ and Vendors’ Perceptions of IT Outsourcing Risks: Project Partnering as the Mitigation Approach

Information technology (IT) outsourcing has been a business practice for more than two decades. Researchers have suggested successful risk management as a key factor in successful IT outsourcing projects implementation. The documented investigations, however, have mainly addressed risk management only from a single perspective of either clients or IT vendors. Considering only one perspective allows for an omission of possible risks considered critical by the other party, as suggested by agency theory. This study explored the potential perception inconsistency regarding the risks between the client and the vendor for IT outsourcing projects by using a quasi‐Delphi approach. The analysis results indicated some inconsistencies in the risks perceived by the two parties: (1) the clients regarded (a) lack of vendor commitment to the project and (b) poor vendor selection criteria and process as top critical risks but the vendors didn't; and (2) on the other hand, the vendors perceived (a) unclear requirements and (b) lack of experience and expertise with project activities as significant risks but the clients didn't. Insights into how the client and the vendor perceive risks may help both parties determine how to partner and manage project risks collaboratively to succeed in outsourcing.     

苹果公司的管理经验及其对中国IT企业的启示

时下，拥有一部iPhone是很多年轻人梦寐以求的心愿，为何一部小小的手机能拥有如此大的魔力？这和苹果公司先进的管理经验密不可分。放眼国内IT业，无人能与其相提并论。本文分析了苹果公司在人力资源、营销策略、生产方式、成本控制、产品研发方面的经验，指出我国IT企业存在的主要问题及苹果公司管理经验的借鉴和启示。     

A model of project knowledge management

Knowledge is the most important resource needed for project management. The aim of this article is to present a full, consistent model of project knowledge management. There are two basic types of project knowledge: micro‐knowledge, needed for performing a single task (or its part), and macro‐knowledge (in other words, all the knowledge possessed by people from a given organizational level). Project knowledge is managed at four distinct levels: individual, project, organization, and global. The article describes the micro‐knowledge life cycle and macro‐knowledge life cycles from each organizational level, as well as the processes of vertical knowledge flow between organizational levels.