中小企业的出口营销策略

随着中小企业全球地位的逐渐增强,促进中小企业的出口,不仅能够促进企业的增长、增加利润,而且可以创造就业机会,刺激经济增长。本文从中小型企业的自身优势及出口特点出发,提出中小企业可以利用战略联盟策略、以电子商务拉动出口策略、出口市场多元化战略以及利用成本策略,发挥比较优势,促进出口。     

金融危机下出口型中小企业的战略转型思考

由美国次贷危机引起的全球金融危机,使中国出口型中小企业所处的国内外环境发生了重大的变化,其生存和发展面临着严峻的考验.为适应世界经济环境的复杂性和动态性变化,出口型中小企业必须调整自己的发展方向,实施出口市场多元化和国内市场扩大化战略、产品创新和品牌营销等竞争战略、价值链截取和资源外取相结合等经营战略,以寻求新的发展和突破,成功渡过金融危机.     

民营中小企业出口困境及其对策探析

在政策、资金、劳动力、能源、土地、产品结构等多方面压力下,我国民营中小企业面临出口及发展的巨大困难。本文从民营中小企业的角度分析了当前的发展环境和面临的困难,有的放矢地进行了分析,提出了具有较强现实意义的对策和建议。     

中小企业怎样进入出口快速道

90年代的经济是全球性经济。对于中小企业来说,采用进入出口快速道模式,可以在国外市场上获得更大的出口销售额,并且所花费的时间要比运用常规的出口方法少得多。进入出口快速道模式是专门针对中小企业的实际需求而设计的,它由两个阶段,十个步骤组成出口计划,始于试运行阶段(第一阶段),以进入市场(第二阶段)结束。实践证明,中小企业采取这种循序渐进的方法,可以顺利实现其出口战略。     

我国中小企业出口问题剖析

中小企业是我国扩大出口和发展外向型经济的重要力量。改革开放以来，我国的中小企业在出口方面取得了一定成效。“七五”和“八五”期间，我国乡镇企业(绝大多数为中小企业)出口交货值年平均增长速度分别为450%和635%，1995年达到5395亿元，已占全国出口总值的1/3，中小企业已成为我国出口创汇的生力军乃至主力军，在利用外资、引进国外先进的技术和管理经验等方面也发挥着重要的作用。但是“九五”之后，特别是亚洲金融危机以来，我国中小企业出口增势渐缓，国际化经营方面出现了不少问题。因而，正确认识我国中小企业在出口方面的状况与…     

中小企业出口竞争力测评体系的指标选择与权重确定

我国拥有3000多万家中小企业,占全国企业总量的99.3%;我国GDP的55.6%,工业新增产值的74.7%,社会销售额的58.9%,税收的46.2%以及出口总额的62.3%均是由中小企业创造的;全国75%左右的城镇就业岗位,65%的专利,75%以上的技术创新,80%以上的新产品开发都是由中小企业完成的.     

中小企业在出口定价中常见的问题及对策

我国加入WTO,为中小企业的生存和进一步发展带来了新的机遇。中小企业的产品将逐渐出口到国际市场。在企业的出口业务中,由于国际市场营销环境的差异性、特殊性,出口定价决策已成为一个非常复杂且极为重要的关键环节。它关系到企业的经济效益高低,关系到企业产品在国际市场上的竞争能力,但又要受到成本、需求、竞争、法律、风险等多种综合因素的制约。那么,中小企业如何才能制定     

技术标准对我国中小企业出口收益影响研究--基于高新技术领域中小企业的经验分析

目前技术标准作为争夺国际市场的主要途径,推动企业技术进步。我国中小企业在国际市场尤其是高新技术领域日益活跃,影响显著。本文以经验分析阐释技术标准对高新技术领域中小企业出口的冲击与推动双重作用,试图通过脉冲响应模型模拟现实中技术标准对中小企业出口产生的冲击与后续反应来实现此研究领域的突破,并以此论证技术标准对中小企业的影响不总是积极的,中小企业必须提高自身技术标准意识,主动投入技术标准进程,才能消化吸收技术标准的积极推动作用。     

促进中小企业长远发展的财务战略创新

企业财务战略是实现企业长远发展的资金支撑,激活中小企业财务战略对中小企业长远发展具有重要的现实意义。因此,要明确企业财务战略目标,实施科学有效的财务战略;实现中小企业财务战略的柔性化,提高动态竞争力;建立中小企业财务风险控制体系,努力提升可持续发展能力和创造长久价值的能力;强化中小企业财务战略的内外环境分析,努力营造良好的财务战略环境。     

论中小企业环境战略的决定因素

中小企业在环境战略上的发展不足,可能是一些因素相互作用的结果。中小企业要谋求生存和持续发展,必须实施可持续发展战略,也就必须分析影响其环境战略的因素,进而采取最优的环境战略选择。     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.     

Sen and Commons on Markets and Freedom

Amartya Sen's enlarged conception of freedom has augmented the scope of economic analysis but it also has had the surprising effect of being more supportive of the free market than conventional welfare economics. It is argued here that a comparison of Sen's position with that of the American institutionalist, J R Commons, highlights some problems with Sen's approach and points to possible ways in which they might be addressed.     

Globalization and taxation: Theory and evidence

We construct a theoretical model to capture the compensation and efficiency effects of globalization in a set up where the redistributive tax rate is chosen by the median voter. The model predicts that the two alternative modes of globalization- trade liberalization and financial openness- could potentially have different effects on taxation. We then provide some empirical evidence on the relationship between taxation and the alternative modes of globalization using a large cross-country panel data set. On average, globalization is associated with lower taxation but there is some evidence that in countries with high capital-labor ratio, globalization is associated with increased taxation. We make a distinction between de jure and de facto measures of globalization and find a strong negative relationship between taxation and de jure measures of globalization. The results for de facto measures of globalization are mixed.     

Automation and inequality with taxes and transfers

Declines in low-skill labour shares are reviewed, and a stylised model is constructed to examine their determinants and future implications. A retrospective analysis of US shocks suggests that technological change has contributed more to raising income inequality and the wealth to GDP ratio than other changes. An anticipated future twist away from low-skill labour toward the capital, combined with population growth, risks high unemployment rates. Productivity growth at twice the pace since 1990 limits this, though inequality persists. Analysis shows that a generalisation of the US ‘earned income tax credit’ system with consumption tax outperforms alternatives of the ‘universal basic income’.