江苏省粮食生产与政策选择

在预测经济发展和人口增长对粮食需要的基础上，分析了江苏省耕地资源的粮食供给能力。依照目前的耕地发展态势，耕地资源可以满足宽裕型的生活水平，但在２０００年无法保证小康型和富裕型生活水平。必须有效地控制人口、变革耕地管理制度，加强土地开发，推广农业科技，加强粮食市场建设，才能实现江苏省粮食生产的持续发展。     

地方粮食

<正>江苏省加大财政"促粮"力度2015年,江苏省在认真落实中央各项农业扶持政策的同时,针对粮食高产增效创建、耕地质量建设、重大病虫害防治、现代种业发展等重点项目进一步加大省级财政扶持力度,促进粮食生产持续稳定发展。2014年,江苏省粮食生产实现建国     

依法强化土地管理 确保耕地消长平衡——惠来县加强土地管理的调查

土地,是十分宝贵的资源和资产,是人类赖以生存的生命线。土地管理的得失,不仅直接影响着粮食生产和农业发展,而且直接影响着整个国民经济的发展和社会的稳定。几年来,惠来县针对全县人均耕地占有少,土地质量水平低,后备资源不足,且一些地方和个人乱占耕地、违法用地、浪费土地等现象,认真贯彻执行基本国策,依据土地管理的有关法律法规和上级精神,结合本县实际,采取一系列行之有效的措施,强化土地管理,有效地保住了良田,促进农业生产尤其是粮食生产的发展,维护了社会的稳定,保障全县经济朝持     

建立以土地供给引导和约束需求的机制

建立以土地供给引导和约束需求的机制王一鸣近年来，随着我国经济的高速增长，建设和投资规模迅速扩大，相对于有限的土地资源而言，土地需求急剧膨胀，土地供需严重失衡，特别是占用的耕地越来越多，出现了耕地面积锐减的现象，这种情况已影响到粮食生产和农业的可持续发...     

加强土地管理 促进吉林经济

加强土地管理促进吉林经济吉林省副省长桑逢文要从发展农业和经济再上新台阶的战略高度，充分认识土地管理的地位和作用保护耕地是发展农业的重要基础。社会的稳定在于经济的稳定；而经济的稳定，有赖于农业的稳定和发展；农业的稳定和发展关键在于粮食，粮食产量很大程度...     

徐州市耕地资源安全问题初探

徐州市农业资源丰富,是江苏省和全国重要的粮食主产区;在介绍徐州市耕地资源状况的基础上,分析了其耕地资源安全存在的主要问题:耕地面积减少、粮食形势严峻、耕地资源生态环境恶化以及非农建设用地与耕地矛盾突出;提出实现徐州耕地资源安全的相关对策。     

江苏省锡山市耕地数量、质量变化影响因素分析

采用相关分析、主成分分析及回归分析等统计方法对江苏省锡山市的耕地数量和质量变化进行分析和研究,得出影响耕地数量变化的主要因素按影响力大小排列为经济、人口与政策、土地管理及土地生产力;而影响耕地质量的主要因素则有农业的地位、农业生产的现代化程度、人口及粮食生产力因子.得出耕地质量受经济、政策及管理因子影响的程度小于耕地数量,但两种变化都首先受到第一产业尤其是农业地位的影响的结论.     

四川省耕地资源可持续利用与粮食安全对策

介绍了四川省耕地资源的现状，分析了耕地持续利用的障碍因素和粮食需求状况，就促进四川省农业可持续发展与粮食安全保障提出了耕地利用的具体措施。     

经济发达地区耕地数量的动态变化及驱动力分析——对江苏省的考察

由于经济的发展和城市化的扩张等原因,导致江苏省20世纪80年代以来耕地资源不断减少,而且这种趋势还在持续进行.根据江苏省1984-2003年的统计资料,分析了耕地资源总量变化的趋势,在此基础上进一步探讨了影响耕地动态变化的驱动因子.这些驱动因子可以被概括为经济发展和农业结构调整、人口增长及农业科技进步三个方面.最后提出了相应的对策建议.     

宿迁发展农业生产性服务业的动力机制研究

要保持经济快速持续的增长,研究作为国民经济基础的农业可以称得上是当下"不可回避的话题"。宿迁市作为江苏省正在发展中的年轻城市,拥有良好的土地资源、水资源、人力资源。结合宿迁的实际情况配置资源,联动相关产业,提出形成良性的农业生产性服务业发展的动力机制的对策,以促进宿迁农业生产性服务业的健康发展。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.