辽宁省满族旅游纪念品发展分析

优秀的旅游纪念品不仅让游客铭记于,通过它们联想起起当时旅游的美好景象,心还能激发出未到过此地的人们内心的向往。在界定满族旅游纪念品和分析辽宁省满族旅游纪念品存在的问题基础上,提出打造纪念品的"纪念性"、凸显旅游纪念品的人文关怀等几点对策。     

刍议产业关联视角下的县域经济产业发展策略

本文通过建立县域经济的产业关联理论研究框架,从产业关联来探究县域经济的发展动力,从主导产业的关联带动效应、产业关联与产业结构的关系、产业关联的纽带等方面进行了分析,根据分析结果从产业关联角度提出县域经济的产业链,产业集群、产业纽带等方面的产业策略.     

实施PPET战略，发展西部民族地区生态旅游

To help the poor and to develop tourism are two mportant problems in poverty-stricken areas. However,they were isola ted for years. The PPET strategy was put forward in this paper based on PPT. The feasibility and the realistic meaning of the strategy in developing the ecotourism, overcoming poverty, and achieving prosperity of minority areas in western China are analyzed by taking Xinlong county of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province as an example.     

陕西洋县朱鹮河流栖息地生境修复 研究

河流是朱鹮重要栖息地之一,在朱鹮逐渐转移至低 海拔区域生存的趋势下,提高河流栖息地生境质量是当前朱鹮 保护的重要内容之一。利用数据收集、现场调研、ArcGIS等 分析方法对近年来河流栖息地生态变化过程进行分析,分别从 栖息地适宜性、景观格局指数及生境质量3个方面探讨朱鹮河 流栖息地质量的状况,从中找出朱鹮河流栖息地生境的具体问 题。从不同河流生境尺度,探讨朱鹮河流栖息地的修复方法。     

民族地区文化生态旅游探究——以湘西土家族苗族自治州为例

文化是旅游业发展的核心,民族地区的原生态文化是重要的文化旅游资源之一,是民族地区旅游发展之本.文章以湘西土家族苗族自治州为例对民族地区文化生态旅游展开探讨,首先阐述了民族地区文化生态旅游的内涵和特点,继而分析民族地区文化生态旅游业的发展现状以及存在的问题,然后提出相应的开发建议,以期为民族地区的文化生态旅游发展提供参考借鉴.     

现代企业伦理的基本特征及构建策略

现代企业越来越重视企业伦理对企业发展的影响。企业伦理是指以企业为行为主体,以企业经营管理的伦理理念为核心,企业在处理企业与出资者,企业与员工、企业与企业、企业与国家、企业与社会、企业与环境关系中的伦理精神、道德规范以及实践的总和。     

渔文化旅游资源开发研究——以浙江省象山县为例

以具有中国渔文化之乡美誉的浙江省象山县为例,对渔文化旅游资源开发进行了探讨。象山渔文化是在历史发展过程中形成的,具有相对封闭性和兼容性、继承性和变革性、共同性和差异性、传统性与现代性等特征。通过实地考察和查阅相关资料,归纳和梳理了象山县渔文化旅游资源,并对旅游资源开发进行了地理位置优势、生态环境优势、客源市场优势和政策优势分析,最后提出了开发对策与建议。     

The working for water programme: Evolution of a payments for ecosystem services mechanism that addresses both poverty and ecosystem service delivery in South Africa

A payments for ecosystem services (PES) system came about in South Africa with the establishment of the government-funded Working for Water (WfW) programme that clears mountain catchments and riparian zones of invasive alien plants to restore natural fire regimes, the productive potential of land, biodiversity, and hydrological functioning. The success of the programme is largely attributed to it being mainly funded as a poverty-relief initiative, although water users also contribute through their water fees. Nevertheless, as the hydrological benefits have become apparent, water utilities and municipalities have begun to contract WfW to restore catchments that affect their water supplies. This emerging PES system differs from others in that the service providers are previously unemployed individuals that tender for contracts to restore public or private lands, rather than the landowners themselves. The model has since expanded into other types of ecosystem restoration and these have the potential to merge into a general programme of ecosystem service provision within a broader public works programme. There is a strong case for concentrating on the most valuable services provided by ecosystems, such as water supply, carbon sequestration, and fire protection, and using these as ‘umbrella services’ to achieve a range of conservation goals. The future prospects for expansion of PES for hydrological services are further strengthened by the legal requirement that Catchment Management Agencies be established. These authorities will have an incentive to purchase hydrological services through organisations such as WfW so as to be able to supply more water to their users.     

城乡断裂下农村生态环境的问题与对策——基于河南省舞阳县的调查

通过设计调查问卷对河南省舞阳县农村地区环境状况进行了入户调查。结果表明,研究区内面源污染与点源污染共存,工业污染与生活污染叠加,新旧污染相互交织,生态资源退化逐渐严重和扩大。依据调查结果,建议在城乡断裂现状下推进农村环境保护自治制度。     

河北省县域财政可持续发展问题研究

当前,河北省县域财政面临着总体发展水平低、发展差距逐步拉大的双重困难。其形成具有深刻的经济根源和体制根源。对此,河北省新农村建设应着眼于统筹城乡发展,坚持“发展与改革并举”,以实现全省县域财政可持续发展。     

The effect of social capital on post-earthquake reconstruction (programmes) in Nantou County,Taiwan: an assessment

The study aims, through an examination of social capital on post-earthquake reconstruction programmes, to assess the impact of government's programmes on integrated community development and to draw policy implications. To this end, the study explores the programmes implemented by the government in the communities of Nantou County after the earthquake. The findings show that of the three measurements, ‘infrastructure improvement’ satisfied most respondents in the three survey areas, but in Lugu Township and in Nantou City, further improvements are needed in ‘unemployment reduction’ and ‘respondents betterment’.     

旅游业进程中的土地利用时空变化研究——以云南省玉龙县为例

为深入探讨旅游业发展过程中对生态环境影响的程度与机理,研究选择地处滇西北生态脆弱区,旅游业发展较为迅速的云南省玉龙县作为研究对象,基于多期遥感影像,采用景观生态学中的空间格局指数分析研究区在旅游业起步的探索参与阶段(1988~1996年)和快速发展的发展巩固阶段(1996~2001年)的土地利用动态变化特征,并选择与玉龙县邻近,以农业为主导产业的永胜县进行横向对比。研究表明:以旅游业为主的人类活动是玉龙县土地利用变化的主要驱动力,导致景观格局的不连续性以及复杂程度不断提高;在旅游业发展更为快速的发展巩固阶段,旅游业相关的人类活动对于土地利用变化的驱动作用更为显著;玉龙县的发展实践表明,旅游业的发展尽管会对生态环境带来负面的影响,但在整体上会推动区域生态格局与功能的优化。     

The future of farming: The value of ecosystem services in conventional and organic arable land. An experimental approach

In the current work, a novel, experimental ‘bottom-up’ approach is used to quantify the economic value of ecosystem services (ES) associated with highly modified arable landscapes in Canterbury, New Zealand. First, the role of land management practices in the maintenance and enhancement of ES in agricultural land was investigated by quantifying the economic value of ES at the field level under organic and conventional arable systems. This quantification was based on an experimental approach in contrast with earlier value transfer methods. Total economic value of ES in organic fields ranged from US $1610 to US $19,420 ha^− 1 yr^− 1 and that of conventional fields from US $1270 to US $14,570 ha^− 1 yr^− 1. The non-market value of ES in organic fields ranged from US $460 to US $5240 ha^− 1 yr^− 1. The range of non-market values of ES in conventional fields was US $50 — 1240 ha^− 1 yr^− 1. There were significant differences between organic and conventional fields for the economic values of some ES. Next, this economic information was used to extrapolate and to calculate the total and non-market value of ES in Canterbury arable land. The total annual economic and non-market values of ES for the conventional arable area in Canterbury (125,000 ha) were US $332 million and US $71 million, respectively. If half the arable area under conventional farming shifted to organic practices, the total economic value of ES would be US $192 million and US $166 million annually for organic and conventional arable area, respectively. In this case, the non-market value of ES for the organic area was US $65 million and that of conventional area was US $35 million annually. This study demonstrated that arable farming provides a range of ES which can be measured using field experiments based on ecological principles by incorporating a ‘bottom-up’ approach. The work also showed that conventional New Zealand arable farming practices can severely reduce the financial contribution of some of these services in agriculture whereas organic agricultural practices enhance their economic value.     

Valuing ecosystem and economic services across land-use scenarios in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Dakotas, USA

This study uses biophysical values derived for the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North and South Dakota, in conjunction with value transfer methods, to assess environmental and economic tradeoffs under different policy-relevant land-use scenarios over a 20-year period. The ecosystem service valuation is carried out by comparing the biophysical and economic values of three focal services (i.e. carbon sequestration, reduction in sedimentation, and waterfowl production) across three focal land uses in the region [i.e. native prairie grasslands, lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs (CRP/WRP), and cropland]. This study finds that CRP/WRP lands cannot mitigate (hectare for hectare) the loss of native prairie from a social welfare standpoint. Land use scenarios where native prairie loss was minimized, and CRP/WRP lands were increased, provided the most societal benefit. The scenario modeling projected native prairie conversion to cropland over the next 20 years would result in a social welfare loss valued at over $4 billion when considering the study's three ecosystem services, and a net loss of about $3.4 billion when reductions in commodity production are accounted for.     

高等院校学术团队建设研究

随着高校学术团队建设的迅速发展,影响学术团队建设的因素不断出现。如何搭建一支具有"高水平、高质量"的高校学术团队,已成为高校的重要课题。当下,与世界发达国家的先进高等教育机制相接轨,完善现有高校团队建设的机制,可能是解决高校学术团队建设中的主要问题的主要策略。     

The value of ecosystem services provided by the U.S. National Wildlife Refuge System in the contiguous U.S.

Studies that demonstrate the economic value of the ecosystem services provided by public conservation lands can contribute to a more accurate appraisal of the benefit of these lands. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic value, in real (2004) dollars, of the ecosystem services provided by the U.S. National Wildlife Refuge System (Refuge System) in the contiguous U.S. In order to estimate this value, we determined the ecosystems present on the Refuge System in the contiguous 48 states, the proportion in which they are represented, and the dollar value of services provided by each. We used land cover classes as an approximation of ecosystems present in the Refuge System. In a geographic information system (GIS), we combined land cover geospatial data with a map of the Refuge System boundaries to calculate the number of acres for each refuge and land cover class within the Refuge System. We transferred values for the following ecosystem services: climate and atmospheric gas regulation; disturbance prevention; freshwater regulation and supply; waste assimilation and nutrient regulation; and habitat provision. We conducted a central tendency value transfer by transferring averaged values taken from primarily original site studies to the Refuge System based on the ecoregion in which each study site and refuge was located and the ecoregion's relative net primary productivity (NPP). NPP is a parameter used to quantify the net carbon absorption rate by living plants, and has been shown to be correlated with spatially fungible ecosystem services. The methodologies used in the site studies included direct market valuation, indirect market valuation and contingent valuation. We estimated the total value of ecosystem services provided by the Refuge System in the contiguous U.S. to be approximately $26.9 billion/year. This estimate is a first cut attempt to demonstrate that the value of the Refuge System likely exceeds the value derived purely from recreational activities. Due to limitations of current understanding, methods and data, there is a potentially large margin of error associated with the estimate.     

辽宁省城市工业废弃地的植物修复研究

城市工业废弃地可能已经受到原有生产活动产生的有毒有害物质的污染影响,原有生态系统遭到严重破坏.尤其是废弃矿山,土壤重金属重度污染,生态恢复极为困难.植物群落的修复成为矿区生态系统修复中最为关键性的一步.通过对植物进行野外调查,并测定矿区的优势植物对重金属的富集与转移能力,筛选出适合矿区土壤状况的重金属忍耐型植物,然后优选植被配置模式,并加强后期维护管理,完成植物修复工程.     

休闲农业对农村经济发展贡献及影响机制——以全国休闲农业与乡村旅游示范县为例

休闲农业是实现我国乡村内生发展和乡村振兴有效手段。利用2007—2016年全国1 382个县的县级面板数据,以2010年首批全国休闲农业与乡村旅游示范县为研究对象,设定示范县评定为外部政策冲击点,使用PSM-DID方法对示范县经济效应进行评价,分析政策影响的动态效应和边际效益,检验模型的稳健性,阐明了休闲农业发展的影响机制。研究表明:①休闲农业对地区经济的贡献显著,设立示范县时间越长,经济贡献越来越大。②休闲农业示范县边际效益递减,后期进入的示范县经济贡献逐渐减弱,越来越趋向于规模带动效益的增长。③休闲农业主要通过财政手段作用于地区经济,对农村产业结构调整的作用具有滞后性。     

新疆生产建设兵团南疆垦区主体功能区划的原则和主要配套政策

依据国内外主体功能区相关研究成果和经验,考虑到农垦团场在国家政治和经济生活中的特殊重要作用,文章提出新疆生产建设兵团南疆垦区主体功能区划的基本原则是以发展为第一要务,以人为本,不断增强屯垦、维稳、戍边三大能力;配套政策要围绕着有利于尽快建设城镇型团场、有利于人口集聚和留守、有利于生态经济发展来制订。     

非洲建构自主发展动力体系的新探索——南非本土知识国家战略述评

南非本土知识国家战略系统提出发展本土知识的价值纲领，并从国家教育、创新系统，政府管理机构和运行机制，政策和法律调整框架，人力资源发展和能力建设，信息和研究机构建设等方面，阐明南非发展本土知识的方向和措施，对促进科技创新、知识创新，具有突出的现实意义。同时，就国家层面管理本土知识而言，南非本土知识国家战略是非洲面向新世纪积极建构自主发展动力体系的新探索，将对非洲的发展产生深远的影响。