Airline and railway integration

Most of the transport literature only looks at mode alternatives in competition with each other, rather than exploring the potential for cooperation. This paper examines this possibility by making the case for aircraft and high speed train (HST) substitution under conditions of intermodal integration. In the model suggested, airlines use railway services as additional spokes in their network of services from a hub airport to complement and substitute for existing aircraft services. Airlines benefit from the slots that are freed and they can support mode substitution. Society gains from the social and economic benefits of better integrated transport services at a lower environmental cost. This paper examines this model of integration at Heathrow airport against the background of UK air transport policy and assesses the benefits and limitations of it. The conclusion reached is that some railway infrastructure should also be seen as part of the air transport infrastructure.     

适应高速铁路自动驾驶系统的列车运行计划调整策略研究

高速铁路列车自动驾驶(ATO)系统是铁路智能化发展的重要组成部分,其应用实现了列车运行多项功能的联动控制,显著提升了高速铁路自动化水平,减轻了工作人员的劳动强度。我国铁路网密度大、运用场景复杂,列车运行计划实时调整难度较大,对ATO系统运用有更高的要求。基于ATO系统工作原理,分析ATO系统与运行计划的关联关系,总结列车运行计划与ATO系统适应性存在的不足,提出了适应ATO系统的列车运行计划调整策略,可以为优化ATO列车运行计划调整策略、提升高速铁路服务水平与效能提供支撑。     

基于旅客需求的高速铁路客运服务质量评价

高速铁路客运服务应以旅客需求为导向,借助客运服务质量评价体系,完善高速铁路客运服务,满足旅客多样化出行需求。以马斯洛需求理论为基础,针对高速铁路旅客需求和感知建立三级评价指标体系,并提出运用灰色关联度-模糊综合评价法对高速铁路客运服务质量进行评价。对成都东站、重庆西站,以及G2885和G2890次列车高速铁路旅客进行现场调研,基于调研数据,运用灰色关联度-模糊综合评价法评价高速铁路客运服务质量。结果表明,高速铁路列车服务质量总体高于车站服务质量;相比于高速铁路客运服务的基本需求和物质需求,提升服务等级和注重精神尊重是提升高速铁路客运服务质量的努力方向之一。     

高速铁路CTCS3+ATO系统优化方案研究

随着我国高速铁路网逐年扩大,对于自动驾驶的需求不断增加,为满足高速铁路高速度、高密度跨线运营需求,实现装备智能化,阐述高速铁路CTCS3+ATO系统结构及设备功能,分析高速铁路CTCS3+ATO系统需求,考虑到城际铁路CTCS2+ATO系统及高速铁路CTCS3+ATO系统实际运用情况,结合CTCS3+ATO系统技术特点,提出升级列车定位技术、改变区间闭塞制式、立即折返作业自动化、实现全自动无人驾驶等高速铁路CTCS3+ATO系统优化方案。该方案的实施及应用有助于在保障列车运行安全的前提下,提高自动化运行程度及运输效率。     

基于时段偏好的高速铁路列车停站方案双层规划方法

旅客出行需求不断提高,需要同时考虑旅客出行时段选择与运输企业效益,来优化调整高速铁路列车停站方案。针对一条拥挤的高速铁路客运走廊,分时段确定列车停站计划和开行频率,阐述影响旅客出行时段偏好的2个重要因素——吸引度与可达度,据此构建旅客出行阻抗函数,构建双层规划模型,上层规划是以运营成本最小为目标的整数规划模型,用于确定列车停站方案;下层规划是一个用户平衡模型,用于计算客流在停站方案上的分配结果。根据模型特点设计启发式算法,并通过算例对模型和算法进行验证和分析。研究表明,考虑旅客出行时段偏好优化高速铁路列车停站方案的方法,能更好地匹配旅客需求分布,为旅客提供优质服务。     

我国铁路快捷货运产品设计及组织优化的探讨

快运产品设计是铁路快捷货运普遍关注的问题.针对铁路快捷货运产品现状和存在的问题,提出铁路快捷货运业务流程再造的目的、内容和机理.基于流程再造,对快捷货运产品进行完善设计,提出细分和强化既有快运产品,开发诸如多式联运、高速、客车化、运输组织创新的快运新产品.以特快、快速、普快三类快运产品划分为标准,设计运输组织优化步骤,实现以市场为导向的铁路快捷货运产品设计和组织.     

High-speed rail and office location choices. A stated choice experiment for the Netherlands

High-speed rail is seen as a factor contributing to the attractiveness of a location for economic activities. This paper focuses on how the level-of-service characteristics of railway stations, and in particular the presence of high-speed train services, influence the attractiveness of locations for specific types of offices. The results are presented for a stated choice experiment for location choices of offices in the Netherlands. It is concluded that the availability of high-speed train services contributes to the attractiveness of a location for offices. For internationally-oriented offices the areas around stations with international high-speed train services are attractive because of their good international accessibility. We also found an indication that high-speed train services can raise the status of an office site. In the Netherlands, the domestic high-speed train services are less relevant for location choices, because of the small domestic distances. Besides high-speed train services, other location characteristics that determine how well a site is connected to the railway network are also found to be important for location choices. Thereby differences between offices occur, which can partly be explained by the number of trips to/from an office.     

高速铁路可变编组列车开行计划优化

目前,我国高速铁路列车一般采用固定编组形式,动车组运用效率较低,而未来可变编组列车投入使用后,运营组织方式将发生很大变化,需要优化列车开行计划以充分发挥可变编组列车的优势。研究可变编组列车在各技术区段的编组内容和组合拆解计划,以动车组开行成本最小和组合拆解作业时间最短为优化目标,构建可变编组列车开行计划优化模型,设计分支定界算法求解。以京沪高速铁路进行案例分析,结果表明:相比同等条件下固定编组模式,优化的可变编组列车开行计划可以提高列车客座利用率。     

Market effects of regional high-speed trains on the Svealand line

When the Svealand line in Sweden opened in 1997, it replaced an older railway line between Eskilstuna and Stockholm (a distance of 115 km). Service on the Svealand line is operated with regional high-speed trains. In a case study of the effects of regional high-speed train services, changes in knowledge, valuations and travel behaviour have been analysed. The Svealand line has sparked an increase in regional rail travel of up to seven times compared to the old railway between Eskilstuna and Stockholm. Additionally, the market share has risen from 6% to 30%. Travelling times are valued highly and motorists, particularly, place great value on the high-speed train mode of transport.A general conclusion is that regional high-speed train services have had a major impact on the travel market and on travel behaviour. The improved accessibility to Stockholm, in particular, is especially noticeable among residents living close to the railway stations.     

高速铁路柔性时刻表编制研究

随着新兴信息技术与交通的不断融合发展,需求响应型交通已成为未来交通发展的新模式,而柔性时刻表编制问题是决定这一新模式能否在高速铁路应用的关键问题之一。基于旅客预约条件下的需求响应型高速铁路柔性时刻表编制问题,提出完全柔性和部分柔性2种编制模式,构建同时考虑列车开行收益和旅客平均偏差时间的双层优化模型,设计模拟退火算法求解,以厦深高速铁路为例进行案例分析。研究结果表明,柔性时刻表编制模型求解得出的时刻表能够较好地匹配旅客预约的出行时间,有效满足旅客预约需求,提高运营收益,对未来需求响应型高速铁路具有一定参考价值。     

适应铁路运输新形势的编组站工作组织

针对目前铁路运输组织的新形势,编组站在车场布局及调速系统的设计上应有新的突破。提出通过对编组站进行改造,以适应接发长大重载货物列车、增加解编能力及加强对路网车流的调节能力等。同时提出编组站调速系统配置的新设想,以满足铁路车流组织改革的需要。     

高速铁路技术经济指标对投资影响的分析

高速铁路项目具有工程种类多、建设标准高、施工难度大、建设周期长等特点,导致高速铁路工程投资控制难度较大。以国内不同地区的5条高速铁路线路为研究背景,在简述铁路建设项目工程概况的基础上,分析不同地区、不同速度目标值、不同轨道类型对工程投资及技术经济指标的影响,为高速铁路工程在设计、施工阶段合理把控投资、合理运用建设资金提供参考。研究结果表明:影响高速铁路工程投资的因素是多样的,而且各因素对工程投资的影响是系统的,不宜单一、孤立地去分析。     

突发事件下高速铁路列车运行调整研究

列车运行调整属于大规模的组合优化问题,其约束条件多,求解复杂,而突发事件下运行调整难度进一步加大。基于高速铁路采用的准移动闭塞制式,综合考虑列车区间运行时间、发车时间、停站时间、车站到发线数量以及追踪间隔时间等约束,以所有列车的总延误时间最小为目标,建立突发事件下的列车运行调整优化模型,利用具有动态变化惯性权重的粒子群算法求解模型。分析表明:突发事件下的列车运行调整优化模型及算法可以满足突发事件下高速铁路列车运行调整的时效性要求;动态变化惯性权重的粒子群算法具备较快的收敛速度与较强的局部挖掘能力。     

基于客流需求分析的高速铁路谱系化列车产品设计

铁路谱系化旅客列车产品是服务于多种需求和不同类型旅客,便于旅客辨识、记忆和准确选择,有利于铁路分类配置运输资源和分层提供运输服务,而目前我国铁路谱系化列车产品特征尚不清晰。在分析荷兰、德国和日本铁路谱系化列车产品的基础上,针对我国高速铁路客流按出行目的和节点等级进行需求分析。提出我国高速铁路谱系化列车产品框架设计,最后以京沪高速铁路为例进行车站节点分级、列车谱系划分和分层级的客流结构分析,给出按停站的谱系化列车产品分类设计,为高速铁路谱系化列车产品设计提供研究依据。     

在铁路跨越式发展进程中坚持科学的发展观抓好内涵扩大再生产

1998年—2003年的6年间,我国铁路网规模不断扩大,客货运量大幅增长,市场化进程不断加快,使中国铁路的运输组织和运输效率已处于世界领先水平。但铁路限制型运输的状况还没有从根本上改变,为此,必须围绕速度、密度、重量三大要素,抓住主要矛盾,走铁路内涵扩大再生产之路,通过最佳的运输组织,优化车流径路,努力挖潜提效,不断提高列车运行速度和机车牵引质量,增加行车密度,以适应国民经济和社会发展对铁路运输的迫切需求,实现铁路跨越式发展目标。     

An assessment of railway capacity

In this paper, we review the main concepts and methods to perform capacity analyses, and we present an automated tool that is able to perform several capacity analyses. Capacity is extremely dependent on infrastructure, traffic, and operating parameters. Therefore, an in-depth study of the main factors that influence railway capacity is performed on several Spanish railway infrastructures. The results show how the capacity varies according to factors such as train speed, commercial stops, train heterogeneity, distance between railway signals, and timetable robustness.     

速度等级组合列车的双线铁路站间距合理性研究

合理确定双线铁路站间距,可以在满足运营需要通过能力的同时,适当减少中间站的设置数量,满足铁路运输需要。以图解法和分析计算法为基础,考虑列车速度组合、列车铺画顺序、列车连发对数和列车间隔时间等因素对合理站间距的影响,采用均衡铺画和集中铺画方法,分析列车运行图周期的时间构成,计算3种速度等级列车组合下的双线铁路站间距。经实例验证合理站间距计算方法的合理性,得出双线铁路区段在3种速度等级列车组合情况下的合理站间距。     

京沪400km/h高速铁路列车竞争力影响探析

新时代人民对于美好生活的需要已经从单一趋向多元,铁路客运需求将呈现多样化、差异化和个性化,对铁路客运产品在速度、价格和服务质量等方面都提出更高的要求。以铁路大提速运输市场份额提升和高速铁路列车客运量增长为切入点,分析列车速度与市场份额、旅客运量之间的关系,剖析高速铁路列车市场竞争力影响,构建Logit离散数学模型。以京沪高速铁路为例,探讨400km/h高速铁路列车运量预测,研究提出400km/h高速铁路列车可以扩大客流吸引范围,增加铁路客运量,提升高速铁路旅客市场竞争力。     

城际铁路运输组织模式及其影响研究

针对城际铁路列车运行组织,从列车开行的节时效果、线路通过能力利用和不同等级列车旅速变化等方面研究列车开行模式的影响。针对城际铁路有速差列车运行模式对线路通过能力的影响,分析最匹配列车能力占用情况,确定大站快车不是最匹配列车时的附加时间,以及列车组合的能力占用情况和规格化列车组合方案下大站快车对通过能力的影响等,给出各种模式对线路能力和服务效果的适应性分析结果。     

Population change and accessibility by road and rail networks: GIS and statistical approach to Finland 1970-2007

This study analyzes the relation of accessibility by road and railway network to population change between the years 1970-2007 in Finland. Accessibility is evaluated at built-up area unit and municipal levels by potential accessibility analysis and by measuring accessibility to network. Analyses are done in decadal periods by using geographical information systems (GIS) and data about road and railway networks involving digitized speed limits and geometry for each period. Accessibility variables and population change are related by generalized additive models (GAMs). The results indicate that the Finnish population has concentrated to areas with high road-based potential accessibility, especially since the opening in the Finnish economy in the 1990s. The accessibility of railway network was found to have affected the population change in the 1970s, when local level traffic reduced in the entire country, and in 2000-2007, following remarkable investments in long-haul transport.