Aviation insurance and the implementation of the small aircraft transportation system

Aviation insurance is a unique field from a business, legal, and regulatory standpoint. Issues such as risk management, contracts, and liability raise particular challenges within this highly specialized market. The implementation of the small aircraft transportation system (SATS), as envisioned by NASA and its industry and academic partners entails a thorough analysis of aviation insurance to determine whether the current market structure could support this major policy initiative. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the current legal, regulatory, and market environments on the implementation and development of SATS. The primary goal is to determine what obstacles these conditions would raise vis-à-vis SATS’ implementation. We also seek to identify strategies, alternatives, and regulatory policies that would help achieve a successful transition to a modern, efficient, and fully developed market for small aircraft transportation services.     

南通市综合交通枢纽布局优化对策

为推进南通市交通运输转型发展,优化交通基础设施空间一体布局,在经济增长中发挥好支撑引领作用,在阐述南通市综合交通枢纽布局现状、发展定位和存在问题的基础上,从强化对外综合运输通道建设、畅通周边城市城际交通网络、提升市域集散网覆盖通达水平、大力发展多式联运系统和促进综合货运枢纽高效衔接5个方面提出南通市综合交通枢纽布局优化对策。综合交通枢纽的布局优化,有利于完善南通市的枢纽功能,进一步提升其在全国综合交通体系中的战略地位,发展枢纽经济,实现经济转型,加快打造成长三角北冀经济中心。     

High-speed rail in Taiwan: New experience and issues for future development

This study aims to identify some possible issues and challenges for Taiwan's High Speed Rail (HSR) system, which was constructed and is operated under a Build–Operate–Transfer (BOT) model. The operational experiences in the initial stage for equivalent systems in Japan, France, Germany, and elsewhere are introduced herein. This study first presents Taiwan's HSR system development and conducts an ex post cost–benefit analysis of this transportation system. Second, unsatisfied ridership is examined to look for possible solutions to increase it. Third, the paper examines the impact of HSR on the intercity transportation market. Finally, the integration between HSR and various existing transportation modes is discussed. Several policy suggestions are included, which are useful for the decision makers of transportation systems’ entrepreneurs, the central government, and the local authorities to derive a comprehensive post-HSR planning strategy for a more integrated transportation system.     

铁路多式联运发展策略研究

在新发展格局下,国家正在打造空中、水上、地面与地下融合协同的多式联运网络,优化调整交通运输结构,构建以铁路、水运为主的大宗货物和集装箱中长距离运输格局。借鉴国外铁路多式联运发展经验,在论述我国铁路多式联运发展实践的基础上,结合铁路多式联运发展形势,提出加强基础设施互联互通、优化运输组织衔接、加快服务资源共享、强化联运装备协同、促进运营管理创新等铁路多式联运发展策略,以发挥铁路便捷高效、安全环保等比较优势和交通运输骨干作用,实现铁路与其他运输方式和现代物流的网络、产品、业务、技术和模式融合。     

广西铁路多式联运发展对策研究

广西作为我国唯一与东盟国家陆海相邻的省区,发展铁路多式联运具有广阔前景和独特优势。基于联运发展环境和班列开行组织2个方面,深入阐述广西铁路多式联运发展现状,分析得出目前存在的联运基础设施亟待完善、各运输方式间协同水平较低、各运输方式分工不够合理、市场综合竞争力有待提高4个方面问题。据此,提出广西铁路多式联运发展对策,即:完善联运设备设施、加强各种交通方式融合、推进运输结构调整、优化联运产品供给、加强技术装备应用,以进一步完善广西铁路多式联运体系,提升社会物流服务整体水平。     

京沪400km/h高速铁路列车竞争力影响探析

新时代人民对于美好生活的需要已经从单一趋向多元,铁路客运需求将呈现多样化、差异化和个性化,对铁路客运产品在速度、价格和服务质量等方面都提出更高的要求。以铁路大提速运输市场份额提升和高速铁路列车客运量增长为切入点,分析列车速度与市场份额、旅客运量之间的关系,剖析高速铁路列车市场竞争力影响,构建Logit离散数学模型。以京沪高速铁路为例,探讨400km/h高速铁路列车运量预测,研究提出400km/h高速铁路列车可以扩大客流吸引范围,增加铁路客运量,提升高速铁路旅客市场竞争力。     

基于车流接续代价最小的编组站配流计划优化研究

编组站是铁路运输系统的重要一环,其作业效率直接影响铁路运输效率和经济效益。为了高效、经济地完成列车解编,提高铁路运输的市场竞争力,需要优化编组站配流。通过引入"惩罚系数"衡量到、发列车接续的代价,将配流问题转化为运筹学的运输问题,考虑编组站实际作业的不确定性和复杂性,以车流接续总代价最小为目标函数,建立编组站配流优化模型,并设计算法进行求解,得到优化的配流计划,验证编组站配流优化模型和算法的有效性,可以提高和优化编组站作业效率。     

Robust supply chain strategies for recovering from unanticipated disasters

Recovering from unanticipated disasters is critical in today’s global market. This paper examines the effectiveness of popular recovery strategies used to address unpredictable disasters that derail supply chains. We create a formal model to portray dynamic operational performance among supply chain firms facing disruptions caused by natural and man-made disasters. Our analysis shows that a supply chain recovers best if member firms adopt a radical, rapid, costly recovery strategy that immediately resolves the disruption. This observation is robust to various resource consumption requirements. We apply our methodology in the case of Taiwan’s 2011 food contamination scandal and provide managerial insights.     

铁路退票险费率计算模型构建研究

旅客在办理退票业务时铁路收取阶梯退票费,所退票额可能无法再次售出,对旅客和铁路双方都存在潜在风险。铁路退票险是一种较好的保险服务,能够分担旅客退票和铁路客运资源在合同约定履行期间内的违约风险,创新客运主营业务服务。借鉴交通运输行业的非寿险费率计算方法,构建铁路退票险费率计算模型。通过分析退票业务,识别退票险影响因素,计算退票险费率,进行退票险知识库闭环管理,研究结果表明依据广义线性模型方法计算的纯保费与传统法差别不大,但可以节省较多的时间,因而使用广义线性模型方法计算铁路退票险费率更为合理有效,有助于加快铁路退票险费率的出台。     

Modeling downstream petroleum supply chain: The importance of multi-mode transportation to strategic planning

This paper proposes a deterministic mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for downstream petroleum supply chain (PSC) network to determine the optimal distribution center (DC) locations, capacities, transportation modes, and transfer volumes. The model minimizes multi-echelon multi-product cost along the refineries, distribution centers, transportation modes and demand nodes. The relationship between strategic planning and multimodal transportation is further elucidated. A case study was considered with real data from the U.S. petroleum industry and transportation networks within Geographic Information System (GIS). A scenario analysis is also conducted to demonstrate the impact of key parameters on PSC decisions and total cost.     

Coordinated inventory replenishment and outsourced transportation operations

We consider a one-warehouse N retailers supply chain with stochastic demand. Inventory is managed in-house whereas transportation is outsourced to a 3PL provider. We develop analytical expressions for the operating characteristics under both periodic and continuous joint replenishment policies. We identify the settings where a periodic review policy is comparable to a continuous review one. In our numerical test-bed, the periodic policy performed best in larger supply chains operating with larger trucks. We also observed that if the excess utilization charge is less than 25%, outsourcing becomes beneficial even if outsourcing cost is 25% more than the in-house fleet costs.     

Transportation mode selection with positive manufacturing lead time

In this paper we present a dual supply model taking into account that in many industries the replenishment cycle does not only involve the physical distribution of goods, but also the manufacturing of products. Further, we suggest postponing the transportation mode decision until the products are available for shipping. We investigate a class of order-up-to policies and show how to compute the optimal policy parameters. Our model enables us to quantify the value of the postponement of the transportation decision and the value of using an additional slow mode instead of only using the existing fast mode. In a numerical study the influence of various model parameters is investigated and it is shown that the use of a slow mode can be economically beneficial, especially for low value items.     

Analyzing the spatial–temporal evolution of a gateway’s hinterland: A case study of Shanghai,China

This paper analyzes the spatial–temporal evolution of the attractiveness of a country’s gateway for its international trade, using Shanghai as an example. The attractiveness is regressed on the transportation facilities and geographical conditions. Seaport development is found to have a major positive impact, followed by inland waterway, highway, and airport development. These positive impacts decrease with the need for highway haulage and with the distance from Shanghai—showing an inverse U-shape distribution. Rail appears to have a U-shape distribution, implying a low application of multimodal transportation. A geographical pattern for the impacts of different transportation modes is delineated.     

铁路煤炭运输发展趋势研究

在国家煤炭"去产能"和运输结构调整等政策的影响下,铁路煤炭运输将迎来新的发展阶段。在阐述铁路煤炭运输基本格局及需求分布特点的基础上,从煤炭生产消费趋势、煤炭生产消费格局变化、煤炭运输价格竞争、运输结构调整政策等方面,探讨铁路煤炭运输需求的驱动因素,分析铁路煤炭运输发展趋势。研究结果表明,短期内我国煤炭运输铁水联运、西煤东运的格局基本不会改变,铁路煤炭运输需求呈现短期内大幅增长、长期逐年下降趋势,铁路煤炭运输多元化竞争格局将进一步显现。     

A hedging policy for carriers’ selection under availability and demand uncertainty

We address a stochastic dynamic distribution problem where a family of products needs to be shipped from a warehouse to a distribution center (DC). Uncertainty is on carriers’ availability and demand at the DC. Internal, external and spot carriers must be optimally selected to minimize the expected discounted cost of transportation, inventories and shortages. We numerically prove that an optimal selection policy, SDMBSP, is based on three thresholds of the available inventory in the DC. A simulation model is proposed and proves the robustness of the SDMBSP and its outperformance over two other carrier selection policies.     

Modeling the mixed storage strategy for quay crane double cycling in container terminals

A mixed storage strategy was proposed to improve the efficiency of yard operations and horizontal transportation to corporate with quay crane double cycling. The effects of the mixed storage strategy on terminal operations, including truck travel distance, yard crane operations and the number of required trucks, were analyzed. An approach based on cycle-time models, the queuing theory was proposed to evaluate the performances from long-term run. Results show using the mixed storage strategy, the truck travel distance can be decreased and the number of required trucks and yard crane’s operation time can be reduced by 16% and 26% respectively.     

A GIS-based spatial statistical approach to modeling job accessibility by transportation mode: case study of Columbus,Ohio

Improving job accessibility based on transport connectivity helps to address equity issues. Spatial autocorrelation (SA) is also a focus of interest in transportation planning, but has been neglected in analyzing job accessibility in metropolitan areas. In this study, GIS-based job accessibilities by walking, transit, and car are computed for the metropolitan area of Columbus, Ohio, and three transport-based spatial autoregressive (SAR) models are estimated to account for the SA of job accessibility among neighboring block groups, while controlling for built-environment and socioeconomic factors. SA intensities and extents are compared in order to better understand local spatial clusters of job accessibility across the region. Direct and indirect spillover effects due to an investment change in transportation facilities are estimated and provide important transportation planning information. The results also show that walking-accessed jobs are primarily related to physical settings (e.g., land uses) at the local level. Locations with a higher share of zero-vehicle housing units have better job accessibility by transit. There is a spatial mismatch between Asian population clusters and transit-accessed jobs, possibly because of the car-oriented residential clusters around Honda of America Manufacturing in suburban areas. More importantly, locations with a higher share of single-parent households are at a disadvantage in overall job accessibility. Due to its complex transportation needs, a society friendly to single parents should spatially integrate accessible jobs with other needed activities via land-use and transportation planning. Alternatively, car-ownership programs and non-spatial social supports also might be effective to help secure job opportunities and perform daily life activities.     

Strategies for collaborative funding of intermodal airport ground access projects

Projects to improve airport ground access not only provide important intermodal connections but can also present difficult funding challenges. This paper reviews the recent literature on funding airport ground access projects as well as some of the wider literature on funding transportation projects in general in the United States (U.S.) that is indirectly relevant to airport ground access projects. This is followed by a review of current U.S. federal transportation funding programs relevant to airport ground access projects, as well as a discussion of state and local funding programs and potential opportunities for private sector funding. The paper then describes several case studies of airport ground access project funding that were undertaken as part of this research. Based on this discussion, the paper discusses potential funding strategies for intermodal airport ground access projects in the U.S., requirements for effective implementation of these strategies, and a recommended approach to facilitate successful project development and implementation. It also presents recommended changes to the transportation funding program rules and regulations in the U.S. that could facilitate and simplify the development of intermodal solutions to meet future airport ground access needs.     

Airframe manufacturers: Which has the better view of the future?

For the development of Airbus’ A380 and Boeing's B787 it seems that these manufacturers have differing views of future airline networks. This paper assesses from published sources the likely preferences of leisure and business passengers for different airline network approaches and also assesses airline strategies through the economic cycle. The manufacturers seem to have substitutable aircraft types. Both leisure and business travellers are increasingly price elastic and growth in both markets means both aircraft type will be successful aircraft meeting differing needs. However, airline market-share strategies are likely to undermine the success of hub by-pass or hub-to-hub focus strategies throughout the cycle.     

Effects of carbon emission reduction policies on transportation mode selections with stochastic demand

We are witnessing more frequent extreme weather events due to the global warming. There is an urgent need for governments, industries, general public, and academics to take coordinated actions in order to tackle the challenges imposed by the climate change. It is essential to incorporate the environmental objective in the transportation mode selection problem as transportation is a main contributor to carbon emissions. With this in mind, our paper studies the retailer’s ordering and transportation mode selection problem using stochastic customer demand and investigates the optimal ordering and transportation mode selection decisions under different carbon emission reduction policies. Our analytical results reveal that there are some important transportation mode shifting thresholds under different carbon emissions reduction policies. These findings do not only help firms to make optimal decisions under different carbon emission reduction policies but also support policy makers to develop effective policies on carbon emissions reduction.