税收福利成本文献述评

税收在资源配置过程中除有形的经济负担之外,还会产生无形的负担,即税收的课征会影响人们在经济活动中的决策。本文通过介绍税收福利成本概念,税收福利成本计量模型的介绍以及对税收福利成本实证研究的回顾三个角度对文献进行整理与评述,并进一步提出研究方向。     

西方福利经济学发展浅探

西方福利经济学是建立社会保障制度的理论基础，它的发展经历了旧福利经济学和新福利经济学两个时期，探讨福利经济学发展的线索，有助于加深对这一问题的了解，可以为我国目前正在进行的社会保障改革提供依据。     

供应学派的胜利--评述德国税制大改革

供应学派对美国90年代以来经济的增长具有极大的作用,并影响到世界各国,最新的德国税制改革就是一个明证.2000年1月11日,德国公布了下一阶段税制改革的草案,这个草案对当前税制进行了极大的修正,包括税率急剧下调、取消转移抵免制度、建立分配者免税制度、公司集团一体化制度、资本弱化规定、加速折旧制度、股利减免制度,可谓是1977年以来德国税制最为激进的一次改革.     

马来西亚税收制度概况

近年来,马来西亚对国内税收制度进行了彻底的改革,形成了比较独特的税收制度。本文对马来西亚的税制结构、主体税种和税收征管进行了介绍和分析,其中一些经验可为我国新一轮的税制改革提供一定的借鉴作用。     

Tax Competition and Tax Coordination in the European Union

This paper examines the tax competition literature and attempts to draw out its implications for the debate on corporate tax coordination within the EU. It begins with the early basic tax competition model, which derives conditions under which underprovision of public services occurs and tax harmonization unambiguously improves welfare for all states in the union. The paper then turns to a wide variety of extensions of this model, some of which reinforce its results and others that yield rather different conclusions. The analysis concludes by considering the implications of the tax competition literature for the debate on EU corporate tax coordination, drawing on some recent efforts to synthesize this vast literature by estimating the efficiency costs of tax competition and simulating the efficiency gains from various tax coordination palns.     

中国税制改革的制度供求分析

从新制度经济学的视角来看，中国新一轮税制改革是一种正在发生的制度安排变化，或者说是一种制度变迁。就一个集权国家而言，税收制度的再安排或变迁更多的是属于政府供给主导型的制度变迁，其程序表现为自上而下的变迁。在此类制度变迁中，政府主体将是决定税收制度供给的方向、形式、进程及战略安排的主导力量。     

关于增值税的理论研究与实证分析

本文是对增值税理论研究和实证分析的一个全面综述。当前的增值税转型等税制改革将对我国宏观经济的各个方面产生重要影响,因此为增值税建立一个全面的经济学分析框架就具有非常重要的意义。本文从税收负担、税收收入、储蓄和投资、通货膨胀、社会福利、出口贸易和国际税收竞争等各个方面分析了增值税的经济影响,并且重点回顾了使用可计算一般均衡模型来模拟增值税改革的各类实证研究。     

Financial Management Strategy in a Community Welfare Organisation: A Boardroom Perspective

This paper presents the results of a four year participant observation study of boardroom deliberations and resulting financial management strategies in a large not–for–profit religious based community welfare organisation. Employing a complete membership research approach and informed by grounded theory analysis, the study develops a micro–theoretical framework portraying boardroom financial management and accountability strategising. The study finds that the strategic focus on mission financing was conditioned by the contested formulation of strategic objectives, core organisational service philosophies, and executive–board member interaction. A significant observed outcome of the strategic mission financing focus was the management of accountability and disclosure, to which two key strategies were contributory. These were the exercising of financial control and the exercising of relationships management. The findings offer hitherto unavailable insights into strategic financial management and accountability processes and their context at the boardroom level in the religious not–for–profit community welfare sector.     

对基层纳税服务能力的调查与思考

在我国,随着纳税服务工作的深入开展,基层纳税服务能力不足的问题日益凸现。本文以浙江省舟山市税务系统为样本,对基层纳税服务能力状况进行了调查,并结合实际提出了加强纳税服务能力建设的对策建议。     

Company Tax Reform in the European Union

The European Commission recently proposed to move towards a consolidated tax base for European multinational companies, to be allocated across EU member states through a system of formula apportionment. This paper argues that while the Commission's blueprints for company tax reform may reduce existing problems of transfer pricing, they will also create new distortions as long as existing tax rate differentials are maintained. The paper also investigates the changes in international tax spillovers which will occur as a result of a switch from the current system of separate accounting to formula apportionment. The final part of the paper discusses whether more conventional corporate tax harmonization should still be a long term policy goal for the EU and presents quantitative estimates of the efficiency gains from harmonization.     

Tax Deductions and the Marginal Welfare Cost of Taxation

Recent work emphasizes the efficiency costs of tax deductions that distort the pattern of household spending. Using evidence on the sensitivity of taxable income to tax rates, this work suggests that the marginal welfare cost (MWC) of income taxes in the United States could be dramatically higher because of tax deductions, and might exceed unity. This paper develops an alternative approach for assessing the MWC using evidence on underlying parameters (e.g., labor supply elasticities, the demand elasticity for tax-favored goods). A MWC of around 0.3 to 0.5 seems more consistent with these parameter values, though this estimate is still significantly higher because of tax deductions.     

实验经济学的新视野:行为博弈论述评

标准博弈论的形成是一个不断发展的过程,从静态博弈到动态博弈,从完全信息博弈到不完全信息博弈,从单次博弈到重复博弈,目前已经形成一套相当完备的体系:完全信息静态博弈、完全信息动态博弈、不完全信息静态博弈和不完全信息动态博弈.尽管标准博弈论的发展就是不断放松一系列严格假定的过程,但它仍然存在一个重大的缺陷--严格的理性人假定.随着行为经济学日益发展,实验经济学也日渐成熟,因此,过分强调经济理性和推崇严密数理推导的标准博弈论不可避免地受到挑战.     

企业年金税收优惠政策的成本:一个文献综述

企业年金规模和税收优惠政策的关系很复杂,若无相应约束机制,提高优惠力度只会增加成本,企业年金得不到良性发展,税收优惠政策只能低效率运行,并产生相应成本。限制高收入职工的避税行为、明确参保职工的税收优惠政策以及加强职工退休年龄的监管,有利于降低税收优惠政策的成本,进而提高目前我国企业年金税收优惠政策的效率。     

The Value Added Tax on Electronic Commerce in the European Union

This paper concludes that any failure to apply value-added tax (VAT) to electronic commerce crossing borders between EU Member States and other countries should not affect the VAT liability of registered traders, even if the reverse charge rule (taxation in the hands of recipients) is not applied. The only type of e-commerce that is problematic involves sales of digital content to consumers and unregistered traders. However, such sales constitute a minuscule fraction of purchases by households and unregistered traders (given the extremely low level of small-business exemptions). Thus, while many believe that the question of how to tax e-commerce under the VAT is urgent, how it is resolved may not be very important.     

欧盟的税收情报交换

税收情报的国际交换是有关国家之间就税收的跨国征纳所进行的相互协助和为防止税收欺诈及偷漏税所进行的司法协助.税收情报的国际交换是在经济一体化、全球化和税收国际化的背景下,各国税务当局之间加强税务合作的一项重要内容,是国际税务协调的重要组成部分.目前欧盟在这一领域的实践最具有代表性.随着欧盟经济一体化程度不断深入,欧盟的税收情报交换机制也在日趋完善,并推动了欧盟的税收一体化进程.