基本会计电算化的中小企业内部控制制度之建立

信息时代会计电算化的推广，给中小企业内部控制制度带来了挑战。为了在会计电算化环境中建立中小企业的内部控制制度，本文笔者在实践经验的基础上，从会计电算化与内部控制管理制度的结合、规范会计电算化之管理制度和创新企业内部控制制度这三方面探讨基本会计电算化的中小企业内部控制制度之建立。     

对提高企业信息披露质量的思考

本文基于我国企业目前在信息披露方面存在的不足之处 ,分析了我国企业在信息披露的及时性、真实性、充分性以及会计方法等方面的问题 ,从促进我国企业改革和发展的需要出发 ,提出一些改进我国企业财务报告制度的建议 ,以使在面临进一步扩大开放的形势下 ,我国的企业报告制度尽     

促进我国会展业发展的对策研究

本文提出了在环境保护中“追本清源”的观点 ,重点阐述了加强环境法规 ,强调在实际工作中必须严格执行法规和实行环境监测控制 ,同时讨论了环境会计 (绿色会计 的建立和环境信息披露问题。     

会计信息化对企业内部控制的影响及对策

本文在界定了企业会计信息化的基础上,分析了会计信息化对企业内部控制的影响,最后提出了会计信息化环境下完善企业内部控制的对策,即完善内部控制规范和制度,完善内部控制监督机制,健全信息化会计档案管理制度和强化风险意识,注重开发安全产品。     

供应链环境下的第三方物流采购模式

可持续发展是社会、经济发展的必然走向 ,它对会计模式的影响是决定会计发展的巨大动力之一。本文在介绍可持续发展内涵和特征的基础上 ,分析了可持续发展向会计提出的三大挑战 ,进而分析了可持续发展的战略思想对会计模式产生的影响 ,以及顺应这种要求的会计模式的变迁。     

企业建立会计电算化内部控制制度的思考

会计电算化使传统的会计系统组织机构、会计核算形式及内部控制制度等都发生了很大变化,其中对企业内部控制制度的影响最为明显.本文从钢材加工及配送企业的特点出发,提出了建立会计电算化内部控制制度应坚持的三个原则,阐述了建立这一制度的具体内容,旨在让钢材加工及配送企业更好地运用会计电算化这一工具,为提高企业经济效益服务.     

国有企业筹资问题分析

本文以中国加入WTO为背景 ,系统阐述了我国高等会计教育面临的挑战。在此基础上 ,提出了我国高等会计教育为适应WTO对会计人才的教育要求应采取的对策。本文在高等会计教育界同行研究的基础上 ,提出了一些新的论据和观点。     

企业环境管理及其绿色可持续发展

本文在提出企业绿色可持续发展的历史必然性基础上 ,分析了企业环境管理的内容和原则 ,为企业环境管理提供了理论依据和实践指导。     

现代企业制度的建立与会计监督

随着我国社会主义经济和国际上的接轨，对我国国内企业提出了更高的要求，建立现代企业制度成为企业的新探索。不可否认的是建立现代企业制度，是一项非常复杂的系统工程，需要一个长期的过程。建立一种新的现代企业制度，必然要求会计制度和准则与其相适应，要求会计监督发挥其应有的作用。与此同时，会计监督作用的发挥，必然能够促进我国现代企业制度的建立和完善。我国现代企业制度的建立必然要求会计监督的完善与之相对应。目前，在我国建立现代企业制度的同时，会计监督还存在着一系列的问题，没有充分发挥会计监督的作用，而且还影响了我国现代企业制度的建立。本文主要从建立现代企业制度下，会计监督存在的问题入手，着重分析在建立现代企业制度下，发挥会计监督的作用策略。     

新世纪高素质会计人才培养问题探析

构建科学的环境会计理论结构 ,对环境会计在会计实务中的应用具有重要意义 ,本文对环境会计理论结构的内容进行分析 ,并对各项具体内容逐一进行探讨。     

Corporate Disclosure of Environmental Liability Information: Theory and Evidence*

Abstract. The decision to disclose information concerning a firm's environmental liabilities is modeled as a sequential game involving the firm, a capital market, and outside stakeholders who can impose proprietary (political) costs on the firm. A partial disclosure equilibrium is derived in which firms reveal information strategically, maximizing the share-value net of expected political costs. Inherent uncertainty regarding the existence and size of the liabilities creates a setting where outsiders are uncertain if management is informed about these liabilities, so firms can plausibly withhold “bad news”, that is, they do not disclose liabilities that exceed a threshold level. Three novel hypotheses are that a firm is more likely to disclose as (1) its pollution propensity increases, (2) outsiders' knowledge of its environmental liabilities increases, and (3) the risk of incurring proprietary costs decreases. Empirical support is found for the hypotheses, based on the accounting disclosures made by sample firms selected from the records of the Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Energy. Improved accounting and auditing standards for environmental disclosure would build on at least three implications of the study:

• 1 To the extent that inherent uncertainty leaves managers with discretion as to what to disclose, the partial disclosure equilibrium result suggests that not all firms will comply with disclosure standards.
• 2 Publishing broad environmental performance indicators for companies in nonaccounting outlets would increase public awareness of a manager's private information endowment, making voluntary accounting disclosures of the liabilities more likely.
• 3 If a significant decline in stakeholder tolerance of pollution occurs, the expected proprietary costs of disclosing increase, and companies become less likely to disclose.

     

Mandatory IFRS Adoption and the Role of Accounting Earnings in CEO Turnover

We study whether mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is associated with changes in the sensitivity of CEO turnover to accounting earnings and how the impact of IFRS adoption varies with country‐level institutions and firm‐level incentives. We find that CEO turnover responds more to a firm's accounting performance after adoption. This increase in turnover‐to‐earnings sensitivity is concentrated in countries with stronger enforcement of financial reporting and is more prominent for mandatory adopters that have strong firm‐level compliance incentives. In addition, we link the change in turnover‐to‐earnings sensitivity directly to accounting changes due to IFRS adoption and find a stronger adoption effect when firms report large overall accounting changes and large de‐recognition of loss provisions upon adoption. Some of the above findings are sensitive to the exclusion of UK firms, which account for more than half of our sample.     

Corporate Investment Incentives and Accounting‐Based Debt Covenants*

This paper studies the conditions under which accounting‐based debt covenants increase firm value in a setting that incorporates the conflicting incentives of shareholders, bondholders, and managers. We construct a model in which debt is needed to discipline managerial investment decisions despite endogenous compensation contracts. We show that accounting covenants increase value when (1) debt serves as a credible commitment to penalize poor investment decisions; (2) the firm faces other (exogenous) sources of uncertainty that can make debt risky despite good investment decisions; and (3) accounting information serves as a contractible proxy for firm's economic performance. In these circumstances, accounting covenants ensure that shareholders do not offer compensation schemes that would encourage bondholder wealth expropriation when the debt becomes risky. A covenant specifying a required level of accounting performance provides additional bondholder power when performance is low. An accounting‐based dividend covenant allows a disbursement to maintain investment incentives when performance is high without allowing dividend‐based expropriation. The optimal covenants depend on the reliability of accounting information, and the interaction between accounting performance and the different incentive conflicts provides new insight into the empirical literature on accounting‐based covenants.     

A choice‐theoretic analysis of a corporate tax holiday versus a subsidy

This paper attempts to compare the effect of a corporate tax holiday with that of a subsidy on the behaviour of the individual firm. Assuming the subsidy equals the amount of tax paid by a firm operating under the subsidy system, we find that the firm's net profit will be greater under the tax holiday than under the subsidy regime. Similarly, if the subsidy exceeds the tax by an amount that would equalize the profits made by the (“marginal”) firm under the two regimes, then it is found that firms with higher than “average” unit costs would opt for the subsidy system; conversely, firms with a low cost structure would maximize profits by selecting the tax holiday. Finally, a multiperiod analysis of the particular choice facing prospective manufacturers in Ciskei, shows that the firm would normally choose the subsidy system except if the current tax exceeded the subsidy at the output level representing maximum profit under the tax holiday.     

An International Comparison of Banking Sectors: A DEA Approach

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to measure and compare the efficiency of the banking system in several countries and stages of development using the non-parametric?mathematic methodology Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Thus, we expect to broaden the range of studies about banking efficiency. Differently from most studies that use accounting data for measuring efficiency we employed market data, measuring returns and risk (calculated in different ways) in order to build a new measure of efficiency. This approach allows the comparison of different countries, which have different accounting rules and are not comparable using standard models. The main results suggest a downward trend in the average efficiency level of developed countries and a slight upward trend in the efficiency level of emerging market countries during the period. According to this study, efficiency tends to level off emerging and developed countries. It may be partially explained by the increasing globalization and integration processes that markets have been going through in the last years.     

企业能力体系的动态演化分析

企业能力是现代企业理论研究中的重要关注点。在以往的研究中更多的是关注单个能力及其对企业的影响,很少关注到企业整体的能力体系。文章通过对制造企业能力体系的分析,探讨其中的动态特性,提出其本质在于能力的演化。并进一步指出企业在发展中应突破能力惯性来构建适应企业发展特征的能力体系,才能实现企业的持续发展。     

Production Efficiency and the Pricing of Audit Services*

In this paper, we examine the relative efficiency of audit production by one of the then Big 6 public accounting firms for a sample of 247 geographically dispersed audits of U.S. companies performed in 1989. To test the relative efficiency of audit production, we use both stochastic frontier estimation (SFE) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). A feature of our research is that we also test whether any apparent inefficiencies in production, identified using SFE and DEA, are correlated with audit pricing. That is, do apparent inefficiencies cause the public accounting firm to reduce its unit price (billing rate) per hour of labor utilized on an engagement? With respect to results, we do not find any evidence of relative (within‐sample) inefficiencies in the use of partner, manager, senior, or staff labor hours using SFE. This suggests that the SFE model may not be sufficiently powerful to detect inefficiencies, even with our reasonably large sample size. However, we do find apparent inefficiencies using the DEA model. Audits range from about 74 percent to 100 percent relative efficiency in production, while the average audit is produced at about an 88 percent efficiency level, relative to the most efficient audits in the sample. Moreover, the inefficiencies identified using DEA are correlated with the firm's realization rate. That is, average billing rates per hour fall as the amount of inefficiency increases. Our results suggest that there are moderate inefficiencies in the production of many of the subject public accounting firm's audits, and that such inefficiencies are economically costly to the firm.     

伊春森林生态旅游业发展问题研究

伊春森林生态旅游业经过多年的发展已粗具规模,在取得较好的经济效益的同时,也显露出不容忽视的生态环境及经济社会问题.为此,要实施政府主导战略;大力推进森林生态旅游产业的社会化,扩大区域合作;大力推进森林生态旅游产业的信息化;提升森林生态旅游业的产业化水平,构建特色旅游经济体系.     

Accounting Policy Disclosures and Analysts' Forecasts

Using an international sample, I investigate whether the extent of firms' disclosure of their accounting policies in the annual report is associated with properties of analysts' earnings forecasts. Controlling for firm‐ and country‐level variables, I find that the level of accounting policy disclosure is significantly negatively related to forecast dispersion and forecast error. In particular, I find that accounting policy disclosures are incrementally useful to analysts over and above all other annual report disclosures. These findings suggest that accounting policy disclosures reduce uncertainty about forecasted earnings. I find univariate but not multivariate support for the hypothesis that accounting policy disclosures are especially helpful to analysts in environments where firms can choose among a larger set of accounting methods.     

论会计诚信危机的原因与治理对策

会计信息失真已成为当前严重影响社会经济生活正常秩序的突出问题,会计诚信危机的原因是错综复杂的,面对诚信危机,应正确了解和认识会计诚信,营造有利于会计诚信的内部环境,重塑会计诚信须加快完善公司治理结构,提高会计失信成本,应将会计诚信建设纳入整个社会的信用体系建设。