资金“水龙头”拧紧:房企融资“饥渴”

叫停信托只是冰山一角,种种迹象显示,到目前为止,无论是银行信贷、信托、基金、上市还是海外发债,资金的水龙头已经大部分被收紧甚至关闭。     

APPRAISAL OF THE SELECTION CRITERIA USED IN GREEN INVESTMENT FUNDS

Investment funds which use environmental criteria in deriving their portfolios are now available. The criteria used to evaluate corporate environmental policy and performance adopted by two of these fund management organizations are examined. The methodology of the Ethical Investment Research Information Service is also discussed, with particular emphasis on the environmental factors used to screen UK equity portfolios. This provides an invaluable guide to the broader subject of ethical investments. There are a number of problems that investors have encountered in evaluating companies on environmental grounds, in particular the reticence of many UK companies to adopt a more progressive approach to environmental issues, which is manifested in the lack of publicly available information on corporate environmental policy and performance. Nevertheless there are a number of initiatives being undertaken to raise awareness of environmental issues among UK companies and investors at large. The Body Shop controversy that arose in 1995 is an interesting example of how the debate has moved on, and examples are given of other companies which have been included in green portfolios. In addition to regulatory pressures, financial institutions, individual investors and other interest groups have a key part to play in influencing corporate environmental policy through their investment decisions.     

限购之下,房地产产业链企业发展之道

主持语：随着地产调控的进一步加剧,房价上涨过快的三线城市逐渐被纳入调控的范围,下半年将继续巩固和加强调控成果,这会令楼市更扑塑迷离。继部分房企转战商业地产、旅游地产后,广州地产商美林基业天生卫康投1.2亿发展养猪事业,这点燃了房企转战多元化经营的新天地,也从某种程度上表明了目前房地产行业发展的不景气。房地产发展的不景气及＂达芬奇效应＂在高端家具行业不断显现出来,促使建筑、景观、室内设计等公司未雨绸缪,重新思考如何提升设计附加值,改善人们的生活环境,进而提高其在行业的竞争力,他们是如何看待目前的市场,正在思考些什么？     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RIGHT TO BUY AND THE SALE OF COUNCIL HOUSES

The history of the 'Right to Buy' local government-owned council houses is examined in this paper. It is seen that the right of councils to sell was transformed into the right of tenants to demand such sales. Peter Walker had a pivotal role in this process. Later, Michael Heseltine and Margaret Thatcher emerged as key political players. The other intellectual drivers of this reform are also discussed.     

雪佛兰小车设计往哪儿走？

如果你是《变形金刚》中大黄蜂的死忠,却又掏不起20多万买辆原型版的雪佛兰Camaro,或许是感谢一下So nice的爱德华·威尔本（Edward T.Welburn）的时候了。《汽车消费报告》本期请这位通用全球设计副总裁,解读闪耀着大黄蜂设计光芒的三款雪佛兰小型车,看看哪款是你的“菜”。     

THE PUBLIC ASSIGNMENT OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS1

Different planning systems allocate property rights differently between the state and private property owners. This article argues that the appropriate allocation of property rights between the state and private owners can only be discovered by a process of experimentation. The experience of the UK suggests that such a process can take time and may be hindered by the controlling tendencies of central government.     

BROADBAND AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A MUNICIPAL CASE STUDY FROM FLORIDA

In this paper, we explore whether broadband investment by municipalities has an effect on economic growth. To do so, we employ an econometric model to compare economic growth between counties in the State of Florida. Our econometric model shows that Lake County – a small county in central Florida – has experienced significantly greater growth in economic activity relative to comparable Florida counties since making its municipal fiber-optic network generally available to businesses and municipal institutions in the county. Our findings are consistent with other analyses that postulate that broadband infrastructure can be a significant contributor to economic growth.     

为发展服务是新时期审计的主题

依法加强对财政、财务收支真实、合法、效益情况的审计,维护社会主义市场经济秩序在新旧体制转轨时期,我国财政经济领域有法不依的现象大量存在,违反财经法规的问题较为普遍。在财政性资金收入、支出、管理等各个环节都存在一些影响发展的较为突出的问题。这些问题的产生和存在     

THE NEED FOR MIDDLE-OUT DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING STRATEGY

The current tendency to move decision making closer to those concerned with implementing decisions in order to make use of their local market and customer knowledge is timely, particularly in relation to marketing strategy. This tendency is reflected both in the shift away from broad strategic analysis and towards encouraging strategic thinking throughout the organization; and in the emergence of more decentralized strategy development through structural innovations such as Strategic Business Units. For the manager-in-the-middle who has historically had the task of relating the broad corporate strategies to the detail of delivering products and services to the customer, this shift in emphasis creates new stresses, for it is not possible for him to assume, even in the most established consumer goods companies, that the strategic development of such activities can be construed within the traditional marketing mix (4Ps) framework. Under such circumstances, he needs a framework which enables him to take account of the crucial interactions going on within the market's infrastructure itself between customers, competition and channels (3Cs). If the manager-in-the-middle is then to be effective in responding to his increasingly complex responsibilities in relation to such markets, he must also be given the ability to manage the micro-organizational context within which he delivers products and services. This micro-organizational context is crucial because it determines the quality of the relationship that can be sustained with the customer. The higher the quality of the relationship, the tighter the coupling that can be maintained with the local market. Such tight coupling makes the relationship with the customer more defensible against competition. It therefore provides the basis for sustaining and developing the profitability of value-adding products and services so necessary to long term corporate survival.     

REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN THE PROCESS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

This paper examines the policy actions of earlier administrators in Nigeria. The account reveals that regional inequalities in the country evolved during the 100 years of British Colonial Administration. Moreover, activities of various ethno-linguistic groups in the country after political independence undoubtedly exacerbated the situation. The paper concludes that the major structural changes in agriculture, transportation and education initiated by the British during the colonial period: (a) had profound effects on the evolution of regional disparities; and (b) established an important basis for further development of the country. Nonetheless, activities of post-independence administrators have perpetuated and even aggravated the regional and individual socio-economic disparities in the country.     

金融租赁：中小企业融资新思路

已经开始实施的“中小企业促进法”，将会极大地促进我国中小企业的发展。中小企业在增加就业，拉动内需，推动技术进步等方面发挥着大企业所不可替代的作用。然而融资难已成为制约其进一步发展的“瓶颈”。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN EAST ASIA: FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF SPATIAL ECONOMICS

This paper examines the recent evolution of regional integration in East Asia, and discusses the prospects and tasks of further integration. After an overview of the globalization and regional integration trend in EU, NAFTA and East Asia during the past half-century, we introduce the basic framework of spatial economics, often called the new economic geography. In terms of globalization and regional integration, it is important to examine the general effects of decreasing transport costs (broadly defined) on spatial distribution of economic activities. Given this theoretical framework, we examine the changing economic interdependency within East Asia, as well as that between East Asia and the rest of the world over the last three decades. Next, we focus on regional diversity and disparity in East Asia. Finally, we compare the regional integration in EU with that of East Asia, and examine the tasks and prospects of further promotion of East Asian integration.     

ORGANIZATION DESIGN AND THE LIFE-CYCLES OF PRODUCTS [1]

This paper presents a model which elaborates the relationship between organization design and the product life-cycle. Consideration is given to the structural implications of corporations which have multiple products at differing phases in their life-cycles. This involves a theoretical synthesis of work on P.L.C. with that on degree of product diversification.