Multidimensional scaling: Some econometric applications

Multidimensional scaling algorithms seek N points, in M-dimensional space, whose interpoint distances match in some sense the experimental dissimilarities of N variables. The dissimilarity coefficients may be qualitative and of diverse kinds. For M = 2 or 3, complex relationships can be depicted graphically and summarized succinctly. Prevalence of bulky correlation matrices in econometric research suggests multidimensional scaling may prove a helpful tool.     

Multidimensional scaling of consumer preferences for a public transportation system: An application of two approaches

Consumer attitudes toward a proposed new public transportation system were assessed through the application of two multidimensional scaling models to data on preference choices for system attributes. Carroll's vector model and Kruskal and Carmone's nonmetric unfolding model were compared on theoretical and empirical levels to determine their utility for exposing the latent structure of attitudes for a public project. While the unfolding model was attractive because of a theoretical property, the vector model was able to uncover latent dimensions for the attitudes which could be related via discriminant analysis to socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the respondents. The vector model also produced an outcome which was more closely related to a unidimensional analysis of these data. Therefore, even though both the vector and unfolding models produced plausible geometric representations of the attitudes which arc expected to aid urban transportation planners in designing systems, the vector model produced the more acceptable outcome.     

浅谈环境保护与混凝土工业的发展

针对目前由于混凝土的大量使用,加上其耐久性的不足而对环境造成的负担问题,总结当前国内外对减少混凝土能耗及提高混凝土耐久性等方面所做的研究进展,提出今后的研究方向。     

企业物流重组中的多维分析

本文讨论了现代企业物流战略中的多种物流运作模式，提出了物流业务重组的概念及实践．阐述在物流重组中物流对企业的重要程度、企业经营物流能力和物流成本分析三因素进行三维因素分析，找出适合的物流模式：最后探讨了作业成本法在物流成本细化与计算中的应用。     

大气环境对二氧化硫及颗粒物承载能力的研究

文章通过对污染物在环境中的排放量及其所造成的污染程度与污染物迁移扩散规律的分析,在目前国内广泛采用的总量控制模式基础上,将干沉降、湿沉降和化学转化3个过程合理引入,建立了湘潭市大气环境承载能力的量化公式,确定了研究区中的二氧化硫和颗粒物的大气环境承载能力。     

跨国公司中国式环境信息公开的困局环境保护部环境与经济政策研究中心国际环境政策研究所高级工程师李霞:

改革开放30年来,国外跨国企业对推动中国经济发展起到了积极的推动作用,并分享着中国经济发展带来的红利.他们中的很多企业也对中国的环境与发展事业做出了贡献,把国际上部分先进的环境管理理念和经验输入到中国,并在一定程度上带动了中国本土企业在环境意识上的提高.     

多维视角下的型号标准化

型号标准化贯穿装备采购、研制、生产与使用维护全寿命周期,是型号论证、工程研制、设计／生产定型、使用保障的重要组成部分。文章结合装备采购与研制模式的变革,剖析了新模式下型号标准化的多维视角;提出了基于采购的匣子模型、基于角色的三线模型和基于承制方的魔方模型;分析了产品规范树的作用,给出了型号专用标准／规范的责任矩阵;同时针对型号技术状态管理需求,结合型号研制阶段,提出了基于型号标准／规范的技术状态基线控制。应用实践表明,型号标准化的多维视角理论体系,明确了型号标准化的体系结构与各方权责,更加有利于发挥标准化在型号研制中的重要作用。     

商务英语句法特点分析及翻译

文章分析了商务英语中语句的句法特点,结合英汉语言差异的比较以及商务英语表达特征,探讨了几种翻译方法。     

The effects of environmental risk information on auditors' decisions about prospective financial statements

This study tests a model of how auditors make decisions when presented with environmental risk information in the context of a task that requires their professional opinion on a company's forecasted information. Auditing provided a small-world context where declarative and procedural knowledge have been well documented in terms of the rules for analysing financial information. This research uses a conceptual modelling approach to determine auditors' perceptions of environmental risk information and the effects on their judgement and decision choices when issuing an examination report supporting forecasted financial statements. Auditors were provided with environmental risk information that they had to process and integrate in their decision-making. The results demonstrated that auditors act on unfamiliar declarative knowledge using their standard procedural knowledge. The results from eighty-four senior auditors displayed evidence that auditors' perception of environmental risk information is downplayed compare to the traditional accounting information during their judgement and decision choice phases. When confronted with conflicting information, auditors tend to place more reliance on financial rather than environmental risk information. One of the implications of this study is that auditors should be trained to handle non-traditional information, such as environmental risk.     

多维可视化技术在滑移隔震中的应用

多维可视化技术在非空间数据领域中的应用能够有效地提高数据的呈现效果,使用户对数据的观察与浏览更加直观化、交互化,以便将数据中隐藏的特征、关系和模式更好地体现出来。本文通过对信息可视化过程、多维可视化技术及摩擦滑移隔震结构的研究,阐述了多维可视化技术在滑移隔震中的应用及滑移隔震可视化模型的建立。研究表明:摩擦滑移隔震的多维可视化模型的建立为滑移隔震结构的设计提供了一种新型的设计方法,具有一定的实用价值。     

多维度数据挖掘中目标相关维度选取方法对比

在数据挖掘过程中需要挑选出与目标维度相关的维度,可以通过相关行业的经验挑选,也可采用相关性方法挑选。文章通过对比2种方法在直投市场客户目标选取中的运用,得出比较结论,并对使用这2种方法同的结果作了对比。     

多维度数据挖掘中目标相关维度选取方法对比

在数据挖掘过程中需要挑选出与目标维度相关的维度,可以通过相关行业的经验挑选,也可采用相关性方法挑选。文章通过对比2种方法在直投市场客户目标选取中的运用,得出比较结论,并对使用这2种方法同的结果作了对比。     

多维度数据挖掘中目标相关维度选取方法对比

在数据挖掘过程中需要挑选出与目标维度相关的维度,可以通过相关行业的经验挑选,也可采用相关性方法挑选。文章通过对比2种方法在直投市场客户目标选取中的运用,得出比较结论,并对使用这2种方法同的结果作了对比。     

FDI影响我国环境质量的现状及机理分析

我国利用外商直接投资的规模年年攀升,有力地促进了我国经济的增长,但是否影响我国的环境质量正日益受到各界的关注。文章在分析FDI影响我国环境质量的现状的基础上,进一步探究了FDI通过规模效应、结构效应和技术效应3条途径对我国环境质量产生影响并提出相关的对策。     

Some ideas and models in reliability theory

Summary Some questions about the meaning of reliability for the design of complex systems are discussed. Should the ideas of reliability be put in a broader framework, becoming applicable also to nontechnical systems, like a government organisation? In the mnd chapter some rather new failure models are reviewed and an interesting derivation of the Weibull distribution is discussed.