金融危机背景下大学生创业问题研究

在金融危机的大背景下,发展创业型经济,引导大学生进行自主创业,将是打赢这场全球经济战争的关键。本文针对高校创业教育目前存在的问题与不足,提出了金融危机背景下大学生创业教育的若干对策。     

基于新生代企业家成长视角的大学生创业胜任力培养研究

阐述了大学生创业胜任力的内容,分析了大学生创业胜任力培养的现状,提出了大学生创业要以身边的创业者为参照。本文认为,新生代企业家与大学生在创业机会、动机、能力和创新精神等方面有许多的相似之处,具备参考价值。所以,本文对绍兴地区新生代企业家成长进行调查研究,归纳新生代企业家成长的特征,并将新生代企业家成长形成的特征运用到大学生创业胜任力培养中,提出大学生创业胜任力培养的建议,以期为提高大学生创业的成功率提供参考借鉴。     

大学生家庭背景与创业动机关系研究

创业动机是个体内在或外在的需要在创业之前所表现出来的目标或愿景,是个体创业行为的内驱力,受成长环境和经历的影响。本文通过对创业动机和家庭背景的相关概念的诠释,以及分析家庭经济资本、社会资本、文化资本对创业动机的影响,为高等学校开展大学生创新创业教育,鼓励和指导大学生自主创业提供参考。     

浅析大学生创业社团生存现状

随着我国改革开放和经济建设的快速发展,为新时代有志创业的大学生提供了一个前所未有的机会。我国大学生创业经过十几年的发展,取得了一定的成绩,但目前大学生创业存在参与规模小、创业社会文化基础薄弱等特点。高校创业社团是大学生创业实践的有效形式。创业社团的成立、成长、成熟需要依托怎样的内部和外部条件,如何利用有利条件、克服不利因素促进社团成长从而培养大学生创业能力是本文探索的目的。     

“双创”背景下大学生创业的现实困境及其纾解策略

自“双创”理论提出以来,我国经济发展水平有了显著提高。在“双创”背景下,大学生创业能够增强我国经济发展活力,同时在国际市场竞争中获得有利地位,为我国经济发展创造有利条件。“双创”背景下为大学生创业提供政策支持,提高大学生创业积极性。但就目前来看,大学生创业仍存在很多问题,文章以“双创”为研究背景,对大学生创业的现实困境进行分析,并提出了相关解决策略,希望能够为大学生创业提供理论依据。     

广阔平台展英姿 农村创业我先行

为更好地引导大学生村官扎根基层、带头创业，在服务新农村建设中提高自我，山东省枣庄市山亭区冯卯镇成立了大学生村官“创业创新协会”，进一步提升了大学生村官的综合素质，促进了大学生村官在农村一线干事创业、成长成才。     

大学生创业心理品质的培养

大学生创业是社会发展的动力源泉,大学生创业关键在大学生创业心理品质的培养。正确理解创业,研究大学生创业心理,不仅能给大学生自我发展以正确导向,也有利于高校更好地明确人才培养方向。     

高等院校创业教育探索

高等院校开展创业教育是时代的产物,是当今高校肩负的历史使命,创业教育不仅增加了大学生就业渠道,也整体上提升了大学生的综合素质。大学期间加强大学生创业的意识、创业精神、创业能力是关键,特别是高校应针对有创业意向、创业条件的学生进行精心培养。     

职业院校大学生创业存在的问题及对策分析与研究

大学生创业教育经历十多年的发展,取得了一定的成效,但职业院校大学生创业率和成功率依然很低,大学生创业存在创业意识淡薄、创业技术含量低移植性差等诸多问题。解决问题的关键在学校,学校应逐渐完善创业教育体系、培训体系、孵化机制、教师参与创业证书培训制度等,当创业内涵丰富了、完善了,大学生才能真正参与到创业中。     

浅谈大学生创业的新平台——小额外贸

淘宝平台是大学生创业的主要平台,但随着竞争日益激烈,创业成功日渐困难,因而有必要开辟其它的创业方式。小额外贸是一个前景广阔的创业平台,本文系统阐述了其产生的背景、运作特点,分析了目前大学生小额外贸创业的现状,并据此提出了促进大学生小额外贸创业的建议。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.