浅析铁路牵引供电系统防雷技术研究与建议

随着铁路行业的迅速发展,人们的生活越来越离不开便捷高速的铁路运输方式,并对其安全性提出了更高的要求。电气化铁路是以电能为牵引动力的一种现代化交通运输工具,在其设备维护的过程中,牵引供电系统是否正常运行显得尤为重要,如果被雷击中损失巨大。因此,雷击是引起牵引供电系统故障主要原因之一。鉴于此,本文阐述了雷电对铁路牵引供电系统以及铁路运输安全造成的威胁,浅析了雷电防护中存在的问题,并对雷击所导致绝缘子闪络的原因进行了分析,提出了一些改善优化铁路牵引供电系统防雷体系的建议。     

铁路电务防雷分析及优化接地设计

电务设备是铁路系统能够正常运行的重要保障,而电务设备在运行过程中会受到雷击以及电磁干扰的影响,从而对铁路系统的安全运行产生一定的影响。所以应该加强对铁路电务防雷和接地设计,优化设计方案,确保铁路电务设备的安全性,为铁路的安全高效运行创造有利的条件。     

铁路站场通信信号综合防雷技术应用

随着铁路通信信号设备自动化程度越来越高,设备的安全性在铁路系统中也是越来越重要,本文分析铁路站场防雷状况,探讨了综合防雷技术的应用。     

浅析如何做好防雷工作

雷电灾害是最严重的自然灾害之一,而我国又是雷电灾害的多发地区,我国的防雷行业发展较晚,虽然防雷技术已经基本成熟。但是对防雷管理方面的研究还显欠缺,防雷管理还存在许多急待解决的问题。高层建筑由于高度原因极易出现落雷,若不建立起有效的防雷系统,建筑物及建筑物内部的设备易因雷击而出现火灾或带来损失,对生命财产造成损害。本文奖对建筑物防雷问题进行初步研讨。     

探讨供水企业防雷系统的设计及后期维护

在现代的供水企业中，应用各种精密电子仪器、仪表和设备等。雷击危害对供水企业的影响非常大，因此，必须要重视防雷系统的设计、施工及维护，以便于保证设备的安全运行，保证城市的正常供水。在本文中，介绍了供水企业会遭到的雷击的种类以及产生的主要危害，在此前提下，分析了防雷系统的设计及后期维护，避免供水企业遭到雷击的入侵。     

浅谈黄河通信基站的防雷措施

本文论述了通信基站防雷工作的重要性，通过对通信设备遭受雷击现状分析，提出了相应的改进措施，减少通信设施遭雷电过电压袭击的事故发生，保证了专网通信的安全运行。     

视频监控系统防止雷电袭击的基本措施

为了对视频监控系统采取有效的防雷保护措施,保障监控系统正常可靠的运行,应准确了解视频监控系统的组成以及雷击损害的原因,选用合适的防雷保护装置,研究和探讨信号、电源线路的合理布放。     

铁路应急通信系统问题分析

近年来,随着高铁技术的不断提高,铁路运输在各种交通运输方式中的优越性体现的越来越明显,人们对铁路运输系统的关注程度也在不断提高。采用何种方式保障铁路运输系统的安全性,实现铁路安全、平稳运输是目前各界人士关注的重点。为了适应我国铁路应急处理措施科学化、智能化发展的要求,国家在铁路应急通信系统的构建方面进行了大量研究,并取得了较多较多令世界瞩目的研究成果。     

10kV配电变压器防雷措施探讨

由于雷击过电压、正逆变换过电压等因素,配电变压器的雷击损坏率一直很高,低压设备因雷击损坏的情况严重。文章通过对雷电损坏设备的机理分析以及对多种接地防雷方式的优缺点进行比较,对配电变压器如何铺设防雷电接地、保护接地、工作接地等各种装置以及其安装要求进行了探究。     

数字调度系统在铁路通信施工中的技术应用

随着我国社会经济的不断发展,城市交通运输越来越兴旺,在此背景下,铁路运输工程建设项目数量越来越多,成为影响社会发展的重要因素之一。由于我国幅员辽阔,铁路线路在我国境内分布十分分散,因此,在对铁路运输事业的管理上存在很多亟待解决的问题,铁路通信质量关乎铁路整体运输效果,文章主要针对铁路通信施工中应用到的数字调度系统进行分析介绍,将计算机技术与铁路通信管理相结合,以期提高铁路通信的效率和准确性,为相关人员顺利开展工作提供参考。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.