腹腔镜及传统术式治疗卵巢囊肿临床对比研究

目的比较腹腔镜及传统术式治疗卵巢囊肿的临床疗效和安全性。方法选取2011年6月至2012年6月我院收治的卵巢囊肿患者80例进行回顾性分析,随机分成观察组和对照组,每组40例,观察组采用腹腔镜治疗,对照组采用传统开腹手术治疗,观察两组手术情况、术后复发率、术后发热率、术后镇痛情况的不同。结果两组在手术时间上无显著差异（P＞0.05）;观察组在术后出血量、肛门排气时间、住院时间上明显少于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组术后发热率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）,镇痛药物使用明显少于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组在术后复发率上无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论腹腔镜治疗卵巢囊肿具有出血量少、创伤小、患者恢复快、疼痛小等优点,效果显著,值得临床推广。     

微创小切口手术治疗单纯性阑尾炎患者的临床疗效

目的：探讨微创小切口手术治疗单纯性阑尾炎患者的临床疗效。方法选取2010年1月至2014年1月南京中医药大学附属常州市中医院普外科收治的单纯性阑尾炎患者资料150例,按随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,各75例。观察组患者行微创小切口手术治疗,对照组患者行常规阑尾切除手术治疗,比较两组患者的手术指标、并发症发生情况及治疗效果。结果观察组患者手术时间、术后排气时间以及住院时间均明显短于对照组,术中出血量明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;观察组患者术后发生感染、皮下积液、肠梗阻发生率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组患者治疗优良率为94.7%,明显优于对照组的85.3%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论采用微创小切口手术治疗单纯性阑尾炎效果明显、经济实惠。     

宫腹腔镜联合治疗输卵管性不孕患者的临床疗效

目的：探讨宫腹腔镜联合治疗输卵管性不孕患者的临床疗效。方法选取吉林省人民医院妇产科2011年1月至2012年1月收治的输卵管性不孕患者资料150例,根据手术方法的不同将其分为观察组和对照组,观察组患者采用宫腹腔镜联合治疗,对照组患者采用输卵管通液术进行治疗。比较两组患者的术后输卵管复通率以及妊娠率。结果观察组患者术后复通66例,复通率为88.0%;对照组患者术后复通45例,复通率为60.0%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;随访2年,观察组患者妊娠率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论宫腹腔镜联合治疗输卵管性不孕患者效果明显。     

老年急性胆囊炎患者感染幽门螺杆菌的临床分析

目的：探讨老年急性胆囊炎患者的治疗方法及幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染与胆囊炎发生的关系。方法选择克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州人民医院收治的急性胆囊炎老年患者1416例,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各708例,两组患者均给予药物保守治疗无效后,对照组患者采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术,观察组患者在B型超声引导下行经皮经肝胆囊穿刺引流术（PTGD）。比较两组患者的临床疗效、术后血清生化指标,Hp 阳性与 Hp 阴性胆囊炎患者胆囊黏膜胃上皮化生情况及胆囊黏膜匀浆炎性因子水平。结果经手术治疗,观察组患者临床症状消失率明显高于对照组,并发症发生率明显低于对照组,引流管拔除时间、住院时间均明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;观察组患者的IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、WBC水平均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;Hp阳性患者胆囊黏膜胃上皮化生率、胆囊黏膜匀浆IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平均明显高于Hp阴性患者,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 B型超声引导下行PTGD术治疗老年急性胆囊炎患者可取得明显的临床疗效,创伤小、并发症少,且胆囊内Hp感染可能是诱发老年急性胆囊炎的重要因素。     

丹参酮治疗冠心病患者的临床疗效

目的：探讨丹参酮治疗冠心病患者的临床疗效。方法收集广东省佛山市顺德区杏坛社区卫生服务中心2011年2月至2014年5月收治的120例冠心病患者临床资料,依据治疗措施不同将患者分为对照组（40例）和观察组（80例）,对照组患者给予常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上应用丹参酮治疗,比较两组患者的心电图疗效、临床治疗效果。结果观察组患者心电图疗效为100.0%,明显高于对照组的72.5%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组患者总有效率为100.0%,明显高于对照组的75.0%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论丹参酮治疗冠心病可明显改善患者的临床症状,提高临床疗效。     

微创血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血患者的临床疗效

目的：探讨微创血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血患者的临床疗效。方法选取2012年6月至2014年6月收治的高血压脑出血患者136例,按就诊顺序编号分为对照组和观察组,每组68例。对照组患者给予神经内科综合治疗,观察组患者在其基础上行微创血肿清除术治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效和治疗前后的神经功能缺损评分（CSS）。结果两组患者治疗前CSS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗第7天和第14天,观察组患者的CSS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组患者的治疗总有效率为77.9%,病死率为5.9%;对照组患者的治疗总有效率为55.9%,病死率为19.1%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论微创血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效较好,可改善患者的神经功能,降低病死率。     

头孢呋辛钠治疗肺气肿感染老年患者的临床疗效

目的：探讨头孢呋辛钠治疗肺气肿感染老年患者的临床疗效。方法选取60例在抚松县人民医院就诊的老年肺气肿感染患者资料,按随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各30例,分别采用头孢呋辛钠与青霉素抗感染治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果观察组患者的总有效率为93.3%,明显高于对照组的76.7%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组患者的临床症状消失时间、体温血象恢复时间、胸部X线片表现消失时间均明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论头孢呋辛钠在老年肺气肿感染的治疗中可发挥重要作用,有助于提高患者的治疗效果,改善临床症状。     

瑞芬太尼在腹腔镜手术患者麻醉处理中的应用价值

目的：探讨瑞芬太尼在腹腔镜手术患者麻醉处理中的应用价值。方法选取行腹腔镜手术患者70例,按随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,各35例,观察组患者采用全凭静脉麻醉,对照组患者给予静吸复合麻醉,比较两组患者的血流动力学指标、清醒时间与拔管时间及不良反应发生率。结果观察组患者于T2时DBP、SBP、HR明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组患者的清醒时间、拔管时间均明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;观察组患者的不良反应发生率为8.6%,明显低于对照组的85.7%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论在腹腔镜手术麻醉中应用瑞芬太尼,能有效维持患者术中的血液动力学稳定,减少术后不良反应的发生,具有起效快、作用时间短等优点。     

曲美他嗪治疗心力衰竭患者的临床疗效

目的：探讨心力衰竭患者应用曲美他嗪治疗的临床疗效。方法将108例心力衰竭患者完全随机分为对照组和观察组,各54例。对照组患者行传统治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上给予曲美他嗪治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果观察组患者治疗总有效率为96.3%,明显高于对照组的79.6%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组患者不良反应发生率为11.1%,明显低于对照组的22.2%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论应用曲美他嗪治疗心力衰竭患者,临床效果明显,不良反应少。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除治疗急性胆囊炎的临床疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除在急性胆囊炎治疗中的临床疗效。方法以2012年6月至2013年6月我院收治的76例急性胆囊炎患者为研究对象,随机分为两组。试验组患者采用腹腔镜胆囊切除治疗,对照组患者采用常规胆囊切除治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、手术出血量、治疗效果等,评价两种方法的疗效。结果试验组患者的手术时间和手术出血量明显少于对照组,两组对比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;试验组患者的治疗效果好于对照组,但两组疗效对比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除用于急性胆囊的治疗能够缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,具有较好的治疗效果。     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.     

Why rationality may be a consequence of Hume's theory of choice

Facing R. Sugden's criticism of our interpretation, it is shown in this paper that rationality appears as a possible consequence of Hume's theory of choice. We first argue that Sugden's dismissal of the preference relation from the type of rationality through which Hume's theory is apprehended, is highly disputable, from the point of view of both standard choice theory and Hume's theory of passions. Nonetheless, Sugden's criterion of rationality might be restated in Humean terms as a condition of non-revision of preferences in the dynamics of passions. But, since the process of choice that we have described explicitly takes into account the revision of preferences, and shows that, when this last is no longer required, rationality occurs as an outcome of this process, it is not really concerned by Sugden's criticism.     

Team Dynamics Where Followers Have Illusion about Guide

A team is assigned to accomplish a task in each infinitely-repeated period. The guide of the team and his followers are allowed to have asymmetric productivity; also the followers have either a hostile or favorable illusion toward the guide. Respective efforts and the followers’ illusion are private information. At the end of each period, the output of the joint task emerges and the followers evaluate the guide. The analysis shows (1) that potential for an unreasonable evaluation suppresses the guide’s effort down to an average level; (2) letting the followers inform the guide of their illusion in advance increases both sides’ payoffs; (3) abolishing the evaluation reduces both sides’ payoffs in general; and (4) however, if the magnitude of the followers’ hostile illusion weighted by its relative probability is enormous, abolishing the evaluation increases the output and the guide’s payoff.     

US Hegemony and the Origins of Japanese Nuclear Power: The Politics of Consent

This paper deploys the Gramscian concepts of hegemony and consent in order to explore the process whereby nuclear power was brought to Japan. The core argument is that nuclear power was brought to Japan as a consequence of US hegemony. Rather than a simple manifestation of one state exerting material ‘power over' another, bringing nuclear power to Japan involved a series of compromises worked out within and between state and civil society in both Japan and the USA. Ideologies of nationalism, imperialism and modernity underpinned the process, coalescing in post-war debates about the future trajectory of Japanese society, Japan's Cold War alliance with the USA and the role of nuclear power in both. Consent to nuclear power was secured through the generation of a psychological state in the public mind combining the fear of nuclear attack and the hope of unlimited consumption in a nuclear-fuelled post-modern world.