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社科院称国内9成城市处于亚健康发展状态 社科院发布的城市蓝皮书《中国城市发展报告No.7聚焦特大城市治理》称,国内287个地级市中,只有深圳、上海、苏州等23个城市是＂健康城市＂,包括北京、天津在内的近9成城市处于亚健康发展状态。城市健康发展评价指标体系由健康经济、健康文化、健康社会、健康环境和健康管理等5类一级指标组成。     

城市化质量导向下的房地产业发展趋势

在城市化规模总体稳定的背景下,中国城市化的质量问题日益突出,已经成为影响国家经济社会持续健康发展的重要因素。而提升城市化的质量与水平,也已成为我国"十二五"时期重要的国家战略。房地产业发展与城市化质量的提升是相互联系、不可分割的。城市房地产业的快速健     

城市生态系统的评价在生态城市规划中的应用(英文)

本文通过两个实例来说明不同的城市生态系统评价方法在生态城市规划中的应用。在天津市生态足迹研究中,计算得知全市2003年人均生态足迹和生态承载力分别为2.12公顷/人和0.33公顷/人,生态赤字高达1.79公顷/人,因此在其生态城市建设规划中提出了相应的能源和生物资源高效利用措施;在石家庄市生态系统健康评价中,评价了其2001年～2005年的生态系统健康水平。结果表明,生态系统在2001年处于病态,在后4年内处于亚健康状态。规划中提出了使生态系统向着健康有利方向发展的对策建议。     

你是不是正处于亚健康？

亚健康是健康与疾病的中间状态，无论是身体还是心理均处于一种非健康的状态。亚健康状态容易导致肿瘤、心血管疾病、呼吸及消化系统疾病和代谢性疾病，这些疾病均有一个缓慢发展的过程，开始时表现为亚健康，此时不注意很容易就会发展为真正的疾病。如何正确对待亚健康？治疗亚健康的关键在于“早发现、早预防、早治疗”，学习正确的健康知识，养成良好的生活习惯，并定期参加健康体检活动。     

“亚健康”十大现象

<正> 随着医学的发展和医学知识的普及,"亚健康"这一名词越来越多地被人们所熟悉和了解。"亚健康"就是指人的身体处于健康与疾病之间的状态。但大多数人并不能真正了解其中的内涵,更不知道如何来应对"亚健康状态"。 1.运动缺乏之"亚健康"。在"亚健康"的形成原因当中,     

黄河流域城市韧性发展水平的时空演进及驱动要素分析

基于2005—2019年黄河流域51个城市样本,分析黄河流域城市韧性发展水平时空演进特点及驱动要素。结果发现,总体上,黄河流域城市韧性发展处于中等偏低水平,呈稳步上升发展态势;黄河流域高、中等韧性城市数量逐步增加,低韧性城市数量逐步减少,同时,高韧性城市零散分布于黄河流域省会城市及下游经济发达地区,中等韧性城市相对集中分布于河套平原地区,较低韧性城市集中连片分布于黄河中下游地区,低韧性城市多集中分布于黄河中游地区。黄河流域城市需要坚持生态优先,科学差异化施策,加强人口趋势研判,打造内陆开放高地,不断提升"十四五"时期黄河流域城市韧性发展水平。     

健康城市导向下中央商务区设计的评估与优化——以青岛市市北区CBD为例

在健康中国战略倡导的政策背景和个人健康关注提升的时代背景下,探索健康城市导向下的城市中央商务区设计的内容与方法,将有利于减少慢性疾病发生,提升公共健康水平。因此,文章采用文献研究法、实地调研法和对比分析法,将健康城市理念与城市设计相结合,以青岛市市北区CBD为证,从土地使用、空间形态、道路交通、绿地与开放空间四个维度对青岛市市北区CBD的现状进行调研,并结合健康城市的评价标准提出具体的改进策略。     

颈椎最佳的校正器——波形枕头

20世纪90年代以来，我们的生活富裕起来了，令人费解的是：全民并没有因生活富裕而提高健康水平，反而亚健康人群的数量逐年增长。据2006年3月31日央视新闻公布的调查资料显示：全国有62%的人处于亚健康状态。造成亚健康的主要原因是“隐性”颈椎病造成的，而隐性的颈椎病则是睡眠使用的不符合颈椎生理曲线要求的枕头造成的。中国特效医术研究会的委员焦亮云先生在《枕头与健康的关系》一文中谈到：人在一生中有1／3的时间是在睡眠中度过的，睡眠就需要枕头。     

武汉市房地产业生态系统健康状况分析——基于PSR框架模型

在明确房地产业生态系统运行机制及健康内涵后,构建了基于PSR模型的评价指标体系,运用熵权TOPSIS法对武汉市2001-2012年房地产业生态系统健康状况及系统协调度进行了分析。研究结果表明:以2008年为分界点,在此之前,区域房地产业生态系统健康综合指数波动性较大,此后逐渐趋缓,但总体水平还有待提高,2012年房地产业生态系统仅处于"偏冷亚健康"状态;压力、状况和响应三个子系统间虽然保持较高协调性,但需注意系统内部结构调整与优化,避免协调度"虚高"现象。     

中国城市居民休闲消费能力测度

经过改革开放30余年的发展,中国城市居民家庭收入水平持续递增,休闲消费能力不断提高。通过构建城市居民休闲消费能力评价指标体系,以中国36个大城市居民休闲消费能力为研究对象,进行分析测度。研究发现,中国城市居民休闲消费能力总体上处于较低水平,人均可支配收入是影响城市居民休闲消费能力的最重要因素,在空间上呈现出由沿海发达地区向内陆较不发达地区递减的特点。     

REFORMING HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES IN POLAND - An overview

The transformations taking place in Poland aim, among others, at adapting the system to new conditions of a market economy. The irrationality of funding social services by the budget made it necessary to restrict the role played by the State in their funding. It means the need for changes concerning not only institutional reforms but also new sources of income. The goal of this paper is to present the main directions of reforms occurring in the Polish economy on the example of health care. The paper concentrates on the problems of implementation, the reform in health care, its reasons and consequences. The trends indicate that the process of reforms is going in the direction of developing new methods and forms of funding and reducing the share of budgetary funds in the funding of social services. The state responsible for the reforms makes an attempt to create appropriate legal and organizational conditions for the question of institutions providing social services.     

西安市普通高校大学生“健商”水平现状调查研究

笔者运用了文献资料、问卷调查、专家访谈的研究方法对西安市普通高校大学生"健商"水平现状进行了初步调查,在实践调查的基础上对出现的主要问题进行了相关的讨论和分析,并从体育教学改革方面提出了提高大学生健商水平的对策。     

A DEA evaluation of the successful implementation of HEALTH2020 policies

Health2020 is a promising framework of policies provided by World Health Organization (WHO) aiming to diminish the health and well-being inequalities among the citizens of countries. European Union (EU) and its member-states participate to this ambitious framework. The deterioration of major demographic, social and environmental factors, in addition to the escalation of the economic crisis prevent the successful and, without restrictions, implementation of this framework. Under such conditions, there is a strong need for all the EU member-states to utilize their health and economical resources efficiently and wisely. In order to provide a unified and value-based approach of the Heath2020 framework, we take advantage of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Dynamic DEA methods to evaluate the impact of the Health2020 policies. This approach pinpoints the countries that can be characterized as outperformers and the lagged ones. We adopt several versions of evaluation, in relation to the regional targets of Health2020, measuring both the effectiveness and the efficiency of EU countries from 2011 to 2016. We, also, examine the stability of the technological frontier of the countries using dynamic DEA. Our results showed the existence of major dividend lines between the outperformers and the other countries. The results also reveal a stability in technological changes indicating, probably, the slow development in this sector at the field of Health.     

英国国家卫生服务体系（NHS）绩效评估及其实践评价

介绍了英国国家卫生服务体系（NHS）绩效评估的实施背景及绩效评估框架（PAF）和绩效示标体系,并对其在实践中的实施效果和局限进行了评价,以期对中国医疗机构绩效评估提供经验借鉴。     

Home safety,accessibility, and elderly health: Evidence from falls

This article presents estimates of the impact of home safety and accessibility features on the prevention of serious, non-fatal falls for elderly widowed individuals. As these features are not randomly assigned across homes, we develop an instrumental variable (IV) strategy that relies on the differential decline in the health and functional status of spouses to identify impacts. Specifically, we use the deceased spouse’s functional status when alive, as measured by limits to Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), as an IV for the presence of home safety and accessibility features for the surviving spouse in the years after widowhood, and then estimate the effect of these features on the likelihood of a serious fall for the widow using rich longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study. The presence of such features reduces the likelihood of a fall requiring medical treatment by 20 percentage points, a substantial effect. However, falls are not the type of health shock that is a main driver of housing tenure transitions among the elderly. Although somewhat speculative, cost–benefit estimates suggest that investments in home safety for the elderly may generate in the short run as much as a dollar-for-dollar reduction in medical expenditures.     

甘肃黄河谷地城市与城郊生态功能区健康发展研究

本文针对目前甘肃黄河谷地城市与城郊生态功能区产业化发展水平低下,资源环境脆弱,人口的快速增长和经济发展对资源和生态环境构成了巨大压力,生态系统不断恶化的现状,提出了政府对于生态功能区优惠政策的转移核心,在向产业倾斜的基础上,积极培育和发展重点产业,重塑我国西部重要的现代工业基地,实现生态功能区的健康发展。     

新型室内空气污染物——SVOC危害与研究进展

当今社会,室内空气质量受到越来越多的关注。研究表明,室内空气污染中除了大家熟知的甲醛、挥发性有机化合物,还有一种半挥发性有机化合物(SVOC)。目前,我国室内SVOC污染研究还处于起步阶段,相关研究还比较少。本文主要对现阶段室内SVOC污染状况及其健康风险评价内容进行梳理、分析与总结,推动室内SVOC相关研究发展,以完善我国室内空气污染物检测体系,提升室内环境安全水平。     

THE PRIVATE FINANCING OF NHS HOSPITALS: POLITICS, POLICY AND PRACTICE

This article outlines and critiques the main fiscal and economic rationales for the Private Finance Initiative and examines the impact of the policy on the long-term financial viability of NHS trusts. It concludes that the PFI funding of capital investment is highly problematic. Its high costs can have a negative impact on the finances of health systems.     

从F-35项目来看PHM的应用与效益

本文以美国F-35战斗机项目为例,介绍了PHM在装备科研生产及维修保养方面的应用,分析了运用PHM的主要优势和经济、军事效益。     

Advances in physician profiling: the use of DEA

Insurers, health plans, and individual physicians in the United States are facing increasing pressures to reduce costs while maintaining quality. In this study, motivated by our work with a large managed care organization, we use readily available data from its claims database with data envelopment analysis (DEA) to examine physician practices within this organization. Currently the organization evaluates primary care physicians using a profile of 16 disparate ratios involving cost, utilization, and quality. We employed these same factors along with indicators of severity to develop a single, comprehensive measure of physician efficiency through DEA. DEA enabled us to identify a reference set of “best practice” physicians tailored to each inefficient physician. This paper presents a discussion of the selection of model inputs and outputs, the development of the DEA model using a “stepwise” approach, and a sensitivity analysis using superefficiency scores. The stepwise and superefficiency analyses required little extra computation and yielded useful insights into the reasons as to why certain physicians were found to be efficient. This paper demonstrates that DEA has advantages for physician profiling and usefully augments the current ratio-based reports.