供应链知识协同与集群企业创新绩效关系的实证研究——基于组织学习的中介作用

近年来越来越多的研究指出,对本地知识的过分依赖容易导致集群企业陷入发展路径的低端锁定,因此集群企业需同时建立本地和超本地知识网络以获取不同的互补性资源。文章认为供应链组织为集群企业建立本地和超本地知识网络提供了有效的途径。文章基于浙江省集群企业的问卷调查数据,实证考查了本地和超本地供应链知识协同对集群企业创新绩效的影响以及组织学习能力的中介作用。结果表明：本地供应链知识协同对集群企业创新绩效有显著正向影响,且隐性知识协同的效果更佳;超本地供应链知识协同对集群企业创新绩效有显著正向影响,且显性知识协同的效果更佳;组织学习能力在供应链知识协同与集群企业创新绩效的关系中发挥完全中介作用。     

开放式创新模式下企业创新网络、组织学习与企业创新绩效关系的实证研究——以浙江省企业为案例

开放式创新模式下,企业创新网络与创新绩效的研究已成一大热点。企业通过创新网络,以期有效整合内外部各类资源,增加竞争力。目前大量的研究证实,企业创新网络对创新绩效具有显著的积极影响,但就企业创新网络影响创新绩效作用机理的研究还显得相对匮乏。本文通过对浙江省90家企业的问卷调查和实证分析,试图剖析开放式创新模式下企业创新网络对创新绩效的影响机制。研究表明,企业创新网络能够促进知识获取、知识共享和知识应用,继而影响创新绩效;组织学习在企业创新网络与创新绩效的关系中起到中介作用。     

威客竞赛中任务设计对任务绩效的影响研究

威客竞赛是基于开放式创新理论而产生的一种竞赛模式,是实现大众创新的一种新途径。任务设计是威客竞赛的重要环节,对企业能否获得满意的解决方案有重要的影响。在威客竞赛平台猪八戒网上收集了937项有效的、可直接观测的创意类竞赛的数据后,文章实证分析了威客竞赛中任务设计对任务绩效的影响。研究发现,奖励金额和竞赛期限正向影响关注人数、提交方案数和有效方案数,而任务描述长度和提交方案数、有效方案数显著负相关。此外,发布者信用等级越高,提交方案数量和有效方案数量就越多。相关政策建议:威客竞赛任务发布者要重视发布任务的设计细节,合理设计任务奖金、竞赛期限和任务描述长度,同时发布者要努力提高威客对自己及发布任务的信任程度。     

跨国公司知识转移、网络与绩效的关系研究:基于吸收能力和进入方式的交互模型

本文基于吸收能力和进入方式的交互模型,对跨国公司的知识转移、网络与绩效之间的关系进行了探讨。实证分析结果得出:知识转移并非对子公司的绩效产生直接的影响,而是通过吸收能力的调节作用对绩效产生影响,吸收能力还对子公司的绩效产生直接的正向影响;商务网络和政府网络对子公司的绩效产生积极的影响,进入方式调节子公司的政府网络和绩效之间的关系。     

企业创新网络系统解耦及其对创新绩效影响研究

企业创新嵌入在两种网络中:一种是社会网络下的研发人员之间的合作网络,另一种是由连接知识元素的知识链组成的知识网络。这两种网络是解耦的。这两种网络的特征是不同的,对于研发人员的探索性创新绩效的影响也有所不同。本文探讨了这两种网络的特性(结构洞和中心集中度)对于研发人员的探索性创新绩效的影响。研究揭示了知识网络和合作网络如何影响研发人员的创新行为,可以更好地指导企业进行创新实践。     

基于知识特征的知识密集型产业创新网络合作度对创新绩效的影响研究

在知识经济全球化及产业网络化的背景下,基于合作关系形成的知识密集型产业创新网络成为该产业创新活动的重要组织形式。如何提升该网络的创新能力成为理论界和实践界的重要议题。文章在梳理关于创新网络的文献基础上,首先研究网络合作度对知识密集型产业创新网络创新绩效的影响;其次,剖析在此作用中知识存量的完全中介效应和知识异质性的倒U调节效应;最后,对吉林省新能源汽车产业创新网络进行实证研究以验证上述理论。     

多维关系网络中企业创新的同群效应

处于多维关系网络中的企业，进行技术创新时会观察同群企业的创新活动，而关系网络的联结状况则会强化这种关联效应。本文使用沪深两市A股上市公司样本，研究信息化网络和高管关联社会网络对企业创新同群效应强度的影响，并从信息传递、知识扩散的角度深化了对同群效应机制研究。研究发现，目标企业的创新数量和质量会受到同一地区、同一行业的同群企业创新的正向影响，背后的机制主要是企业在外部信息不确定性下的企业间信息传递，以及关联企业之间的知识溢出。此外，在信息化网络中，企业的互联网融入程度越高，其创新的同群效应越强；而在社会关联网络中，相比于无高管校友关联的同群企业，有高管校友关联的同群企业对目标企业创新有着更强的正向影响。     

组织邻近、知识转移、大数据采纳与产学研合作创新绩效：基于被调节的中介模型检验

本文基于组织差异性视角,研究产学研合作伙伴之间的组织邻近对知识转移和合作创新绩效的影响机理。对328家产学研合作企业问卷调查数据的实证分析结果表明:组织邻近对产学研合作创新绩效有显著的提升作用;知识转移扮演了中介变量的角色,是组织邻近到合作绩效的关键传递路径;大数据采纳正向调节了这种中介作用,即企业利用大数据技术能够有效地实现合作伙伴间的知识转移和创新绩效提升。本文不仅能丰富产学研领域的理论和实证研究,还可为促进政府、企业和学研机构的产学研合作成果产出提供借鉴。     

逆向外溢网络、R&D与台资企业创新绩效

本文将台资企业的逆向外溢网络区分为国际外溢网络、本地外溢网络和台商外溢网络,分析不同逆向外溢网络对企业创新绩效的影响,并考虑R&D投入在之间所起的作用.基于在闽粤投资的91家台资企业为样本,采用问卷调查方式获取数据,运用回归分析进行实证检验.结果表明:国际外溢网络和台商外溢网络皆对企业创新绩效具有显著正向的影响;R&D投入在这两种逆向外溢网络与企业创新绩效之间均起到调节作用;R&D投入本地外溢网络与企业创新绩效之间的调节作用未通过实证检验.     

外部知识搜索策略对企业创新绩效的影响机制研究

快速创新使得企业外部知识搜索显得尤为重要,而不同的搜索策略会对企业产生不同的创新绩效。本文基于企业层面,从正式和非正式知识搜索视角出发,考察深度优先与宽度优先的知识搜索策略对企业创新绩效的影响机制,探讨关系嵌入性和知识缄默性在外部知识搜索策略影响企业创新绩效时的调节作用。以长三角地区161家企业为样本运用回归分析进行实证研究,结果表明：当关系嵌入性强时,深度优先的正式及非正式知识搜索策略对企业创新绩效的促进作用更大;当知识缄默性高时,宽度优先的正式知识搜索策略对企业创新绩效的促进作用更大。     

Mobile technologies for police tasks: An Australian study

Mobile technologies are increasingly adopted by information intensive organizations such as public police corporations to support the tasks of its employees, for information management and innovation. However, because police organizations are government organizations, technology decisions are largely made by managers and politicians with budget being a key factor. Therefore, whether the technologies adopted are suitable for police tasks, and if they enhance performance, is generally not assessed. The aim of this research is to establish if mobile technologies support police tasks, and if Tablet PCs especially are suitable for specialist police tasks of the Criminal Investigators and Sexual Offence and Child Abuse Units. Guided by an interpretive paradigm and the theory of task technology fit, this research explores the use of Tablet PCs by the two police units for improved performance. Because information is critical for police tasks, data collected via focus groups establishes the impact of these technologies on case investigations, information management, and the performance of these units with the use of Tablet PCs. The contribution this study makes to mobile information systems is that if technology dimensions are suitable for information based tasks, the outcome is virtualization of processes through which improved performance is achieved due to reduced costs, transparency, teamwork, and quick and informed decisions. The findings of this research can be used by police organizations, as well as by other organizations, for effective implementation of mobile technologies.     

Founder centrality effects on the Mexican family firm’s top management group: firm culture,strategic vision and goals,and firm performance

Using social networks, we examined the founder’s influence on key strategic behaviors in Mexican family business. First, we drew on a sample of 42 Mexican family businesses and 201 managers to show how founder centrality affects the top management group (TMG) members’ cohesiveness. TMG members’ cohesiveness was examined in terms of the firm’s culture, its strategic vision, and strategic goals. Second, we examined how founder centrality and top management member group cohesiveness are related to performance in terms of financial, social and family-oriented objectives. Significant relationships were found between a founder’s centrality and the TMGs strategic behavior. Further, significant results connect different aspects of the founder’s centrality and the TMGs strategic behavior to financial, social and family-oriented objectives.     

Developing the local competence of expatriate managers for emerging markets: A knowledge-based approach

This paper proposes a theoretical framework for developing expatriate managers’ local competence in emerging markets from a knowledge-based perspective. We argue that local knowledge in emerging markets differs significantly from corporate knowledge transferred to those markets, and that its very nature determines its critical importance to expatriate managers’ business performance. We explore the processes and mechanisms through which local knowledge can be acquired and integrated into expatriate managers’ knowledge base supporting local talent development and their effective strategic decision-making. We suggest that conventional local competence development strategies may not be effective methods for developing global managers for emerging markets.     

A Role for Business Ethics in Facilitating Trustworthiness

The relationship between ethics and trust is ambiguous as ethics can promote trust, whilst trust can simultaneously be abused resulting in unethical behaviour. In this contribution to the debate on trust and ethics the focus is specifically on the role that ethics can play in facilitating trustworthiness. The article starts with a definition of the concept trustworthiness. It then reports on an empirical longitudinal study on trustworthiness that was conducted in a South African company in the insurance industry. The facilitators of trustworthiness that were identified in this study and their relative contributions to trustworthiness are then discussed. Finally the implications of these findings for the ethical conduct of managers are discussed. It is demonstrated how ethical managerial conduct can enhance the trustworthiness of managers.     

International Marketing (9th edition), by Michael R. Czinkota and Ilkka A. Ronkainen

Students often have little knowledge of and appreciation for the crosscultural andorganizational changes associated with aninternational assignment. This paper describes apersonal computer program designed to make students more sensitive to the adjustments that may be needed due to the cultural differences between home and host cultures. It also explores contrasts between characteristics of a manager's previous assignment and the new assignment, emphasizing how differences in organizational centrality, influence and size may require managers to develop different managerial approaches.     

我的地盘我做主：组织内领地行为与人际冲突的关系研究

领地行为是重要的、广泛存在的,然而在组织生活中却经常被忽视,相关的理论与实证研究较少,其理论体系尚未完全建立,极富研究价值。本文以组织内个体为研究对象,着力于剖析其领地行为与人际冲突的反应模式,以期从组织内领地行为的视角寻找到引发不同冲突的路径与作用机制,推动相关理论的发展,并为相应的管理实践提供理论指导和参考依据。研究结果表明：身份导向标记行为和预先防卫行为越多,关系冲突越少;控制导向标记行为和反应性防卫行为越多,关系冲突越多;只有预先防卫行为可以引发正向的任务冲突,其他领地行为不和任务冲突建立直接的联系。     

The role of cross‐cultural absorptive capacity in the effectiveness of in‐country cross‐cultural training

Based on the theory of absorptive capacity, this study examines the following question. In the context of cross‐cultural training, can the amount of previously accumulated cultural knowledge affect the ability of a trainee to absorb further learning about a new culture, thus enhancing total knowledge and presumably cross‐cultural adjustment? In‐country cross‐cultural training was hypothesized to be more effective when the training components are divided and the sessions are distributed over time – resulting in increased cultural knowledge and greater cross‐cultural adjustment. Results from an experimental design suggested that in‐country cross‐cultural training can increase cultural knowledge, when distributed over time. The results also suggested that the training group had greater differences between pre‐training and post‐training scores on cross‐cultural adjustment, but the differences were not statistically different. The results, methodology and conclusions can be generalized to a variety of populations (e.g. international managers and expatriates) and organizations (e.g. multinationals). For international managers and expatriates, the results showed that in‐country cross‐cultural training, like predeparture cross‐cultural training, is also a viable intervention for knowledge acquisition.     

Remaining focus increases task evaluation and future task perseverance

Across six studies, the present research explores the effect of task progress focus—that is, attending to the distance of one's present state from either the beginning of a task (i.e., accumulated focus) or the end of it (i.e., remaining focus)—on task evaluation and subsequently on future task perseverance (i.e., willingness to perform the task again upon finishing it). The results show that relative to accumulated focus, remaining focus increases people's feelings of productivity on the task, which increases their task evaluation and subsequently their perseverance intentions toward the task. Moreover, we find that remaining (vs. accumulated) focus increases task evaluation regardless of whether people are in the early stage of the task or near the end. However, it decreases people's motivation to complete the task in the former stage but increases their motivation in the latter stage. Alternative interpretations in terms of task duration, self-efficacy beliefs, and task quantity are evaluated and ruled out.     

International marketing strategies in industrial clusters: Insights from the Southern Hemisphere

This paper examines co-operative marketing strategies among clustered-based firms in the most important wine producing and exporting countries in the ‘new world’. The research examines the development of active inter-firm marketing co-operation undertaken by firms to achieve competitive positioning in international markets. The results of a survey of managers located in Argentina, Australia, Chile and New Zealand are presented. The empirical contribution comes from the unique comparative data from regional clusters in four countries which are seen internationally as innovative producers and marketers, all strongly export-oriented, but at different stages of economic development and positioning in the global marketplace. In addition, this study makes a significant contribution to agglomeration theory by confirming the importance of sharing marketing knowledge to build sustainable competitive advantage in international markets. The theoretical contribution builds understanding of international marketing strategies within the Southern Hemisphere group of emerging countries and offers new insights on international marketing practices for emerging firms from both the developed economies in the Pacific Ocean region and Latin American emerging economies.