责任型领导对员工帮助行为的影响——一个跨层链式中介模型

当今管理者应勇于承担社会责任,在引领组织成员相互协作的同时,积极为组织内外各利益相关者提供帮助支持,传递社会共同价值,推动企业可持续发展.本文基于社会身份认同理论,构建跨层次假设模型,探讨责任型领导对员工帮助行为的直接影响,考察规则型伦理氛围和道德认同的链式中介作用.采用多水平结构模型技术,对113名部门领导和455名员工的配对样本数据进行分析,结果表明:责任型领导与员工帮助行为正相关;道德认同在责任型领导和员工帮助行为之间起中介作用;规则型伦理氛围在责任型领导与道德认同间起中介作用;责任型领导会正向且有顺序地通过规则型伦理氛围和道德认同对员工帮助行为产生影响.     

伦理型领导与伦理问题报告：一个多层次模型

基于社会学习理论及社会信息加工视角,文章探讨了伦理型领导激发员工报告组织内部伦理问题的多层次作用机制。文章采用两阶段问卷调查方式收集67名团队领导与302名员工调查样本,运用多层线性模型进行假设检验,结果表明,个体导向的伦理型领导对员工伦理问题报告具有显著正向影响,道德勇气在二者之间起部分中介作用。同时,团队导向的伦理型领导显著正向影响员工伦理问题报告,伦理氛围在二者之间起完全中介作用。此外,在伦理氛围更强的团队,个体导向的伦理型领导对伦理问题报告的作用更强。研究结果揭示了伦理型领导影响员工伦理问题报告的多层次作用路径及边界条件,对于加强组织的伦理管理具有重要的现实意义。     

包容型领导对员工建言行为的双重作用机制研究

基于资源保存理论,文章从个体层面和团队层面分别探讨了包容型领导对员工建言行为的影响。来自6个城市105个团队领导和329名员工的配对调查数据结果显示,包容型领导能显著正向影响员工建言行为。在团队层面,包容型领导有助于团队关怀型伦理氛围的形成,团队关怀型伦理氛围直接正向影响员工建言行为,关怀型伦理氛围在包容型领导和员工建言行为之间起到中介作用。同时在个体层面,包容型领导有助于促进员工组织自尊的形成,组织自尊直接正向影响员工建言行为,组织自尊在包容型领导和员工建言行为之间起到中介作用。     

伦理型领导对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响——基于组织伦理氛围的调节效应

基于社会学习理论,本文探讨了伦理型领导对员工亲组织非伦理行为的作用机制,并分析了组织伦理氛围在伦理型领导和员工亲组织非伦理行为之间的调节作用。研究发现,伦理型领导者能有效降低员工亲组织非伦理行为,且组织伦理氛围正向调节伦理型领导与员工亲组织非伦理行为的负向关系。     

责任型领导对隐性知识共享意愿的影响研究——员工组织承诺和主动性人格的作用

作为一种战略资源,隐性知识已成为影响当下企业竞争优势地位的重要因素。文章基于社会交换理论和个体—环境匹配理论,以组织承诺为中介变量,主动性人格为调节变量,构建了责任型领导对员工隐性知识共享意愿的影响模型。结果表明,责任型领导对员工隐性知识共享意愿具有显著正向影响;员工组织承诺在二者的关系间发挥了部分中介作用;员工的主动性人格正向调节了责任型领导对员工隐性知识共享意愿的积极作用。该研究结论为企业提高员工间隐性知识共享、增强自身竞争能力提供了一定参考。     

领导排斥对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响：自我提升动机的中介作用

基于自我提升理论，从自我提升动机和马基雅维利主义视角出发，探讨了领导排斥对员工亲组织非伦理行为的作用机制。通过对两阶段收集的451份问卷进行数据分析，结果发现：领导排斥对员工亲组织非伦理行为具有显著正向影响；员工自我提升动机在领导排斥与员工亲组织非伦理行为关系中起中介作用；员工马基雅维利主义调节了其自我提升动机与亲组织非伦理行为间的关系，即员工马基雅维利主义水平越高，其自我提升动机对亲组织非伦理行为的正向影响越强；员工马基雅维利主义正向调节员工自我提升动机在领导排斥与亲组织非伦理行为间的中介作用，即员工马基雅维利主义水平越高，其自我提升动机的中介作用越强。研究结论不仅拓展了领导排斥理论的研究，也为管理者正确认识领导排斥、管理员工遭受领导排斥后的认知与行为提供了新思路。     

道德领导对员工建言影响的实证研究

本研究主要探究道德领导对员工建言行为的影响及其中介作用机制。通过对珠三角地区的企业员工进行问卷调查,共获得275份有效样本数据。研究发现:道德领导对员工建言行为有显著的正向影响,组织认同和领导成员交换在其中起着部分中介的作用。     

企业伦理对组织公民行为的作用机制探讨

企业伦理是提高组织公民行为的一个直接、有效和经济的途径。本文揭示了企业伦理对组织公民行为的内在作用机制。研究发现:企业伦理的三个层次(领导者的伦理立场、企业伦理气氛、企业伦理行为)分别对组织公民行为及其各维度具有正向的影响;领导者的伦理立场对组织公民行为及其各维度均存在显著的正向影响;企业伦理气氛研究中,关怀型伦理气氛对组织公民行为具有正向影响,自利型伦理气氛对组织公民行为具有负向影响,制度型伦理气氛只对组织公民行为具有正向影响;独立型伦理气氛对两者皆不具有影响;企业伦理行为的研究中,员工导向和客户导向的伦理行为对组织公民行为具有正向影响。     

道德解脱与归因：企业非伦理行为面前员工为何保持沉默？

面对企业非伦理行为,员工有时候为何选择沉默,这是近年来学者比较关注的问题。文章聚焦于自利型伦理氛围这一特定情境,采用跨层次研究方法,探索道德解脱在不同归因情况下对员工沉默的影响。研究发现,面对企业的非伦理问题,道德解脱（归己因）在自利型伦理氛围与员工沉默之间起到完全中介作用。道德解脱（归他因）在自利型伦理氛围与员工沉默之间起到部分中介作用。权力距离在道德解脱与员工沉默之间起到负向调节作用。研究表明,员工面对企业的非伦理问题是否选择沉默,主要取决于企业的自利型伦理氛围和个体道德解脱的意义建构。文章对于揭示企业非伦理行为下员工沉默选择问题具有理论和现实价值。     

平台型领导对员工创新行为的影响机制研究

互联网背景下的企业平台化趋势日益显著，与之相呼应的平台型领导逐渐受到企业和研究者的高度关注，这种新型领导方式已被不少研究证实其对企业与员工的双重积极作用，但是否对员工创新行为产生显著正向影响以及其影响机制如何目前尚未研究。文章基于社会交换理论和内在动机理论探究平台型领导与员工创新行为的影响及其传导机制。实证研究结果表明：平台型领导对员工创新行为有显著正向影响，团队心理授权在平台型领导与员工创新行为之间起到显著中介作用，组织承诺能够有效调节团队心理授权与员工创新行为之间的关系。文章为企业在管理实践中从培育平台型领导、提高团队心理授权、提高组织承诺方面促进员工创新行为提供了理论支持和实践参考。     

Whistle Blowers: Saints of Secular Culture

Neither the corporate view of whistle blowers as tattle-tales and traitors, nor the more sympathethic understanding of them as tragic heroes battling corrupt or abused systems captures what is at stake in whistle blowing at its most distinctive. The courage, determination and sacrifice of the most ardent whistle blowers suggests that they only begin to be appreciated when they are seen as the saints of secular culture. Although some whistle blowers may be attempting to deflect attention from their own deficiencies and others may be disgruntled employees, the most serious instances involve a level of moral sensitivity that approaches religious proportions that are baffling for a culture that has dispensed with sainthood.     

Impact of Ethical Leadership and Leader–Member Exchange on Whistle Blowing: The Moderating Impact of the Moral Intensity of the Issue

Given the prevalence of corporate frauds and the significance of whistle blowing as a mechanism to report about the frauds, the present study explores the impact of ethical leadership and leader–member exchange (LMX) on whistle blowing. Additionally, the article also explores the moderating role of the moral intensity [studied as magnitude of consequences (MOC)] of the issue on this relationship. The article reports results of three experimental studies conducted on the postgraduate students of a premier technology institute in India. Ethical leadership, LMX, and moral intensity are manipulated through scenarios. Study one (n = 81) manipulates ethical leadership (ethical/unethical) and quality of LMX (low and high) as independent variables; study two (n = 80) manipulates ethical leadership and moral intensity (high and low MOC), and study three (n = 87) manipulates LMX and MOCs to assess their individual and joint effects on whistle blowing. Results show that not only do ethical leadership and LMX predict whistle blowing, but these relationships get moderated by the moral intensity of the issue as well.     

Leading with moral courage: The interplay of guilt and courage on perceived ethical leadership and group organizational citizenship behaviors

This study uses a moderated mediation model to investigate the role of leaders’ moral courage and guilt in promoting group‐level organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Based on the idea that leaders model ethical behavior among followers, we examine whether leaders’ display of morally laden emotions weaken follower perceptions of ethical leadership, thus disrupting the influence of moral courage on followers. Two independent studies examined the proposed model. Study 1 used an experimental design to examine leaders’ moral displays, testing the interactive effects of leader moral courage, and guilt on follower perceptions of ethical leadership. Study 2 used a multisource field study with 100 leaders and 336 subordinates to explore how a leader displays of courage and guilt influenced group‐level OCB, mediated by ethical leadership. Consistent with our theoretical model, we find an indirect positive relationship between a leader’s moral courage and group OCB. However, we also find that this effect is weakened by displays of guilt by the leader.     

Effects of responsible human resource management practices on female employees’ turnover intentions

This study focuses on the effects of socially responsible human resource management (SR‐HRM) practices on female employees’ turnover intentions and the moderating effect of supervisor gender on this relationship. With a sample of 212 female employees from eight different industries in Finland, the results indicate that SR‐HRM practices promoting equal career opportunities and work–family integration play a significant role in reducing women's turnover intentions. The study adds to the academic discourse of corporate social responsibility by highlighting the impact of the organizational‐level HRM determinants on the individual‐level outcome. In addition, supervisor gender makes a difference in the studied relationship: female supervisors have a stronger and more significant impact on the relationship than male supervisors. Our findings suggest that organizational measures which support work–family integration should be taken seriously to decrease female employees’ turnover intentions. Male supervisors could adopt some gender‐incongruent leadership behaviors, such as individualized emotional concern and caring when dealing with female employees. In the future, other gender combinations in the supervisor–employee relationship would merit research.     

Impact of employees’ perceived threat of market competition on unethical marketing and selling practices: Moral disengagement and ethical leadership

This study draws on the social cognitive theory to examine the effect of perceived market competition on employees’ unethical marketing and selling practices. The boundary conditions associated with this relationship were examined, and we posit that perceived market competition is related to unethical marketing and selling practices through the mediating mechanism of moral disengagement. We further propose that ethical leadership moderates the relationship between the perceived threat of market competition, moral disengagement, and tendency toward unethical marketing and selling practices. We tested our hypotheses with a sample of 387 employees working in the banking sector in Pakistan. Our results suggest that moral disengagement had a full mediation effect between the perceived threat of market competition and tendency of employees toward unethical marketing and selling practices. Moreover, ethical leadership moderated the relationship between moral disengagement and the tendency of employees toward unethical marketing practices. The research findings indicate that when field employees encounter threat perceptions due to market competition, they have a propensity toward engaging in unethical marketing and selling practices when they can activate moral disengagement. This study also found that ethical leadership negatively moderates the relationship of moral disengagement with employees’ tendency toward unethical marketing and selling practices.     

Is transformational leadership always good for employee task performance? Examining curvilinear and moderated relationships

Transformational leadership, generally considered as a desirable leadership style, has positive effects on various performance outcomes of employees; however, its productivity has been called into question because of a relative neglect of its negative aspects. Addressing this gap, an attempt at rethinking the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance is important. The paradoxical perspective indicates that conflicting positive and negative effects of transformational leadership can coexist, which provides possibility and rationality for thorough consideration of employees’ task performance influenced by transformational leaders. Integrating the principle of diminishing marginal utility and the “Too-Much-ofa-Good-Thing (TMGT)” effect, this research explores an inverted U-shaped relationship between transformational leadership and employee task performance. Furthermore, applying social cognitive theory, we assume an employee’s proactive personality moderates the curvilinear influence of transformational leadership on employees’ task performance. As expected, results from a study of data from 209 supervisorsubordinate relationships from China showed that the inverted U-shaped relationship between transformational leadership and employees’ task performance was moderated by employees’ proactive personality. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Is transformational leadership always good for employee task performance? Examining curvilinear and moderated relationships

Transformational leadership, generally considered as a desirable leadership style, has positive effects on various performance outcomes of employees; however, its productivity has been called into question because of a relative neglect of its negative aspects. Addressing this gap, an attempt at rethinking the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance is important. The paradoxical perspective indicates that conflicting positive and negative effects of transformational leadership can coexist, which provides possibility and rationality for thorough consideration of employees’ task performance influenced by transformational leaders. Integrating the principle of diminishing marginal utility and the “Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing (TMGT)” effect, this research explores an inverted U-shaped relationship between transformational leadership and employee task performance. Furthermore, applying social cognitive theory, we assume an employee’s proactive personality moderates the curvilinear influence of transformational leadership on employees’ task performance. As expected, results from a study of data from 209 supervisor-subordinate relationships from China showed that the inverted U-shaped relationship between transformational leadership and employees’ task performance was moderated by employees’ proactive personality. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

For the Good or the Bad? Interactive Effects of Transformational Leadership with Moral and Authoritarian Leadership Behaviors

Although the ethical aspects of transformational leadership have attracted considerable attention, very little is known about followers’ reactions to the moral and immoral conduct of transformational leaders. Against this background, this study examined whether and how transformational leadership interacts with moral and authoritarian leadership behaviors in predicting followers’ in-role and extra-role efforts. Building on attribution theory, we hypothesized that the positive and negative effects of these leadership behaviors would be particularly pronounced for highly transformational leaders given that this leadership style elicits strong attention and sense-making efforts among followers. We tested our model in a sample of 228 individuals comprising 114 leader–follower dyads from a wide range of organizations and industries. In line with our hypotheses, results revealed that for highly transformational leaders, moral leadership behaviors related positively to employees’ in-role and extra-role efforts whereas authoritarian leadership behaviors related negatively to employees’ in-role and extra-role efforts. In contrast, moral and authoritarian leadership behaviors did not significantly affect followers’ reactions to leaders low in transformational leadership. Taken together, these findings suggest that transformational leadership, contrary to its largely positive perception in the literature, can be a rather mixed blessing. Implications for theory, future research, and managerial practice are discussed.     

You May Not Reap What You Sow: How Employees’ Moral Awareness Minimizes Ethical Leadership’s Positive Impact on Workplace Deviance

Although a growing body of research has shown the positive impact of ethical leadership on workplace deviance, questions remain as to whether its benefits are consistent across all situations. In this investigation, we explore an important boundary condition of ethical leadership by exploring how employees’ moral awareness may lessen the need for ethical leadership. Drawing on substitutes for leadership theory, we suggest that when individuals already possess a heightened level of moral awareness, ethical leadership’s role in reducing deviant actions may be reduced. However, when individuals lack this strong moral disposition, ethical leadership may be instrumental in inspiring them to reduce their deviant actions. To enhance the external validity and generalizability of our findings, the current research used two large field samples of working professionals in both Turkey and the USA. Results suggest that ethical leadership’s positive influence on workplace deviance is dependent upon the individual’s moral awareness—helpful for those employees whose moral awareness is low, but not high. Thus, our investigation helps to build theory around the contingencies of ethical leadership and the specific audience for whom it may be more (or less) influential.