高管特征、企业异质性与企业技术创新绩效——来自风电产业上市公司的经验数据

技术创新是解决目前风电产业产能过剩、缺乏核心技术发展瓶颈的重要路径,最新文献已经发现高管特征和企业异质性对企业技术创新绩效的影响,但研究结论尚存在分歧。本文以沪深两市风电产业上市公司为研究对象进行实证研究发现：高管持股和女性高管对风电企业技术创新绩效具有显著的促进作用;国有风电企业和省会城市风电企业的技术创新优势会因内部治理结构短板而丧失。将企业异质性作为调节变量进一步研究发现,国有企业中高管持股和女性高管对风电企业技术创新绩效的正向影响更加显著;区位在省会企业中高管持股和女性高管对风电企业技术创新绩效的正向影响更加显著。     

基于战略Partnering模式的工程项目组合管理研究

工程项目组合管理模式的选择对项目组合综合效益有显著影响,将战略Partnering模式应用于工程项目组合管理中,有助于提高工程项目组合的管理水平及收益。通过对战略Partnering模式概念和特点的分析,设计了战略Partnering模式的组织结构,提出了战略Partnering模式的工作流程,详述了基于战略Partnering模式的工程项目组合管理机制应包括信任机制、沟通机制、协作机制、利益机制与调节机制。     

创业投资增值服务对创业企业成长绩效的影响研究

本文以143家企业为样本,运用结构方程模型研究了创业投资增值服务对创业企业成长绩效的影响.结果表明,创业投资增值服务是影响创业企业成长绩效的重要因素.其中,战略上的支持、人力资源管理上的支持、后续融资上的支持对创业企业成长绩效有显著的正向影响;关系网络资源上的支持对创业企业竞争绩效有显著的正向影响,但对潜力绩效没有显著影响;生产运作上的支持对创业企业成长绩效没有显著影响.研究结果对于正确认识增值服务对创业企业成长绩效的影响有重要的借鉴价值.     

规范绩效管理环节

绩效管理流程是一个完整的循环系统，它从企业战略目标、业务重点分析起。到关键绩效指标（KPI）的建立，将企业战略变为可实施、可管理的内部过程和活动。尽管电力企业的绩效管理工作有效地促进了企业战略的有效实施和员工的健康成长．但也存在一些问题，主要表现为：     

创新困境下的制造业企业战略响应——基于创新绩效期望落差与响应式搜索行为的研究

随着商业环境动态性持续加剧和不确定性逐步增强，制造业企业如何在激烈的创新竞争中保持优势位置是一个无法回避的管理问题。现有研究广泛探讨了影响企业创新绩效的各种因素，但仍需进一步关注企业在面临创新困境中采取战略响应行为的多样性及其背后蕴含的深层逻辑。本文从企业行为理论视角，利用中国A股制造业上市企业的样本，探讨了制造业企业在面临创新困境（创新绩效期望落差）下的响应式搜索行为。研究发现，创新绩效期望落差显著促进企业的两类响应式搜索行为，即跨地区和跨行业搜索行为。在引入工具变量、控制样本自选择、双重差分估计以及更换回归方法等一系列检验后，结论依然稳健。路径分析显示，创新绩效期望落差主要通过激发高管风险承担意愿和强化高管创新关注程度进而影响制造业企业的两类响应式搜索行为。异质性分析表明，上述正向影响在国有企业、财务绩效低于期望水平和分属高科技产业时更为明显。拓展分析显示，创新绩效期望落差会驱动制造业企业更倾向在技术水平先进的行业和商业环境成熟的地区进行搜寻。本文将创新管理目标、组织绩效反馈与企业响应式搜索行为有机结合起来，拓展和深化了制造业企业在创新困境下的战略响应行为研究。     

我国工程建设项目多项目知识管理要素分析

知识管理是提高项目管理能力的重要因素之一,在工程建设项目中开展基于项目的知识管理对提高项目管理绩效具有重要作用.本文在定性识别影响工程建设项目管理绩效的多项目知识管理要素的基础上,对我国工程建设项目知识管理的要素和项目管理绩效进行了问卷调研,定量分析各个要素对项目管理绩效的影响.相关性分析结果表明,组织和流程支持与项目管理绩效的相关性最为显著,知识管理文化建设与项目管理绩效的相关性相对最弱;要素本身的相关系数聚类分析表明,组织和流程因素与文化因素之间的关系最为紧密,知识管理活动与其它各项知识管理要素的联系相对较小.在以上统计分析的基础上,本文提出了工程建设项目多项目知识管理实施步骤的建议,我国工程建设项目多项目知识管理可以以"知识管理起步阶段、知识管理发展阶段、知识管理持续改进阶段"的三阶段模式开展.     

组织文化对知识共享和创新绩效的中介关系研究--基于PLS －S EM模型

本文将高技术企业组织文化特性概括为开放性、自动性、集成性、一致性、目的性和适应性,搭建了知识共享、组织文化和创新绩效关系的概念模型。基于PLS－SEM模型,实证分析了知识共享对创新绩效的作用机制,诠释了组织文化的中介作用。结果显示：模型的拟合优度较高,具有一定的解释力,知识共享对创新绩效有显著性正向影响;组织文化特性的6个维度均对创新绩效产生显著正向影响;组织文化在知识共享与创新绩效之间起部分中介作用。     

双重网络与企业创新的交互效应研究 ——基于我国新能源汽车企业的考察

为探讨新能源汽车企业专利合作网络及高管社会网络的中心度与企业创新绩效之间的关系。本文基于我国新能源汽车产业86家企业2012～2019年间的数据,分别建立企业专利合作网络和高管社会网络,在此基础上采用面板数据负二项回归模型进行实证分析。结果表明,新能源汽车企业专利合作网络中心度与企业创新绩效存在倒U型关系;高管社会网络中心度正向促进企业创新绩效;专利合作网络中心度弱化了高管社会网络中心度与企业创新绩效的关系;高管社会网络中心度弱化了专利合作网络中心度与企业创新绩效之间的倒U型关系。本文在一定程度上为我国新能源汽车企业利用双重网络来利用优势、规避劣势,从而提高企业创新绩效提供了理论基础。     

制度压力、战略反应对企业绩效的影响机制研究

本文以新制度理论、战略管理理论和资源基础理论为基础,构建“制度--战略--绩效”框架,探讨了制度压力、战略反应与企业绩效之间的作用机制,以248家企业为有效样本进行实证分析,研究发现,制度压力对企业战略反应有着显著的正向作用;战略反应对企业绩效存在正向影响。在制度压力与社会绩效的关系中,参与型战略在制度压力与企业社会绩效中产生了部分中介作用;企业资源在顺从战略反应与社会绩效以及挑战型战略与经济绩效的关系中存在显著调节作用。本文的研究结论为宏观制度制定和微观企业战略选择提供了一定的指导建议。     

互动导向对企业产品创新绩效的影响研究——基于知识协同的中介作用

本文选取245个有效样本,采用结构方程模型分析和回归分析等方法来探索互动导向对企业产品创新绩效的影响,并探讨知识协同的中介作用。研究结果表明：互动导向的3个维度（互动承诺、互动能力和互动关系）均对产品创新绩效具有显著的正向影响,且知识协同在互动承诺、互动能力和互动关系与产品创新绩效的关系中起中介作用。     

How Ideation Portfolio Management Influences Front‐End Success

The front end of innovation is recognized as an important driver for successful new products and business prosperity. On the one hand, companies must generate a sufficient number and variety of high‐quality ideas to obtain a well‐balanced portfolio of potentially successful innovation projects. On the other hand, companies must strictly select and prioritize promising ideas and concepts because resource constraints do not allow for the pursuit of every idea. Therefore, companies must practice ideation portfolio management to simultaneously support the variety and selection of ideas and concepts before they enter the innovation project portfolio. To date, there is no research on how ideation portfolio management affects the performance of the front end and of the eventual project portfolio. The current study addresses this research gap in an empirical cross‐industry investigation of 175 medium‐sized and large firms in Germany using a double‐informant design. Ideation portfolio management is conceptualized with three elements: ideation strategy, process formalization, and creative encouragement. We find that all three elements independently and significantly contribute to front‐end success. The results also show that front‐end success mediates the relationship between the elements of ideation portfolio management and project portfolio success. More importantly, we find significant interaction effects between creative encouragement and process formalization and between creative encouragement and ideation strategy. The findings suggest that these elements of ideation portfolio management are complementary and should be balanced to maximize the performance of the front end and the eventual innovation project portfolio.     

试论项目管理中项目经理的素质

项目经理岗位是保证工程建设项目质量、安全、工期的重要岗位。项目经理应具有过硬的专业技术水平,较高的管理能力,以及一定的人文素质。     

The Mediating Role of Strategic Orientations on the Relationship between Ambidexterity‐Oriented Decisions and Innovative Ambidexterity

Building on upper echelon theory and strategic process theory, this article analyzes the relationship between ambidexterity‐oriented decisions and innovative ambidexterity. While ambidexterity‐oriented decisions embrace the capability of top management teams to manage contradictory strategic directions, namely adaptability and alignment, innovative ambidexterity captures the ability of firms to simultaneously develop discontinuous and incremental innovations. In addition to the direct relationship between ambidexterity‐oriented decisions and innovative ambidexterity, it is argued that innovation orientation and cost orientation denote two cultural implementation mechanisms that mediate this effect. Using two top‐executive data sets collected in the United States (n = 83) and India (n = 78), the empirical analysis shows that innovation orientation and cost orientation partially mediate the direct influence of ambidexterity‐oriented decisions on innovative ambidexterity, thus further explaining how formulated decisions made by the top management team nurture ambidextrous innovation behavior. Hence, this article extends prior literature that emphasizes a positive influence of top managers on innovation through incorporating an organizational ambidexterity perspective. Second, this study contributes to ambidexterity literature through integrating strategic process theory. While ambidexterity‐oriented decisions primarily relate to strategy formulation, innovation orientation and cost orientation are associated with strategy implementation. The results show that both strategic subprocesses are vital in enabling ambidextrous innovation behavior. Third, an operationalization for the ability of top management to balance adaptability‐ and alignment‐oriented decisions is provided based on prior literature.     

Project Ranking in Petroleum Exploration

Abstract

Project ranking based on project value is an essential management task for organizations that face resource bottlenecks. Project value focuses on the hard elements of projects that can be expressed in monetary terms. In the petroleum exploration business, however, there is also soft information, like effects on corporate liquidity, advantages of compliance with the strategic goals, or learning potential and organizational development, which may change the ranking hierarchy. The aim of this research is to provide a solution for incorporating industry-based selected soft data in the project ranking process. The process is illustrated with a case study. We took the structured system of criteria identified from the petroleum industry.     

New Product Portfolio Management: Practices and Performance

Effective portfolio management is vital to successful product innovation. Portfolio management is about making strategic choices—which markets, products, and technologies our business will invest in. It is about resource allocation—how you will spend your scarce engineering, R&D, and marketing resources. It focuses on project selection—on which new product or development projects you choose from the many opportunities you face. And it deals with balance—having the right balance between numbers of projects you do and the resources or capabilities you have available. In this article, the authors reveal the findings of their extensive study of portfolio management in industry. This study, the first of its kind, reports the portfolio management practices and performance of 205 U.S. companies. Its overall objective was to gain insights into what portfolio methods companies use, whether they are satisfied with them, the performance results they achieve with the different approaches, and suggestions for others who are considering implementing portfolio management. The research first assesses management's satisfaction with portfolio methods they employ and notes that some firms face major problems in portfolio management. Next, businesses are grouped or clustered into four groups according to management's view of portfolio management: Cowboys, Crossroads, Duds, and Benchmark businesses. The research first assesses management's satisfaction with portfolio methods they employ and notes that some firms face major problems in portfolio management. Next, businesses are grouped or clustered into four groups according to management's view of portfolio management: Cowboys, Crossroads, Duds, and Benchmark businesses. Various performance metrics are used to gauge the performance of the business's portfolio. The results reveal major differences between the best and the worst. Benchmark businesses are the top performers. Their new product portfolios consistently score the best in terms of performance—high-value projects, aligned with the business's strategy, the right balance of projects, and the right number of projects. The authors take a closer look at these benchmark businesses to determine what distinguishes their projects from the rest. Benchmark businesses employ a much more formal, explicit method to managing their portfolio of projects. They rely on clear, well-defined portfolio procedures, they consistently apply their portfolio method to all projects, and management buys into the approach. The relative popularity of various portfolio methods—from financial methods to strategic approaches, bubble diagrams, and scoring approaches—are investigated. Not surprisingly, financial approaches are the most popular and dominate the portfolio decision. But what is surprising is the dubious results achieved via financial approaches. Again, benchmark businesses stand out from the rest: they place less emphasis on financial approaches and more on strategic methods, and they tend to use multiple methods more so than the rest. Strategic methods, along with scoring approaches, yield the best portfolios; financial methods yield poorer portfolio results. The authors provide a number of recommendations and suggestions for anyone setting out to implement portfolio management in their business.     

Portfolio management for new product development: results of an industry practices study

Portfolio management for product innovation – picking the right set of development projects – is critical to new product success. This article reports on the new product portfolio practices and performance of a large sample of firms in North America. Reasons why portfolio management is important are identified, followed by the relative popularity of the different portfolio techniques: financial methods are first, followed by business strategy methods, bubble diagrams and scoring models. Next, how the various portfolio methods fare in terms of six performance metrics is probed. Financial methods, although the most popular and rigorous, yield the worst results overall, while top performing firms rely more on non‐financial approaches – strategic and scoring methods. The details of how some of these more popular methods are employed by firms to rate and rank development projects are also provided. Finally, managerial implications, including suggestions for making portfolio management more effective in industry, are outlined.     

How entrepreneurial orientation can leverage innovation project portfolio management

Innovation project portfolio management (IPPM) is a key task in R&D management because this decision‐making process determines which R&D projects should be undertaken and how R&D resources are allocated. Previous research has developed a good understanding of the role of IPPM in R&D strategy implementation and of successful IPPM practices. But the fundamental orientations that drive the strategy formation and implementation process have never been investigated in the context of IPPM, and it is unclear whether successful practices are equally valid for different strategic orientations. This study, therefore, investigates the moderating impact of a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between strategic portfolio management practices and portfolio success. An empirical analysis of 257 firms shows that both innovativeness and risk taking as entrepreneurial orientation’s dimensions positively moderate the relationship between managerial practices and performance. Specifically, we find that firms high in innovativeness profit more from stakeholder engagement compared to firms low in innovativeness. Firms high in risk‐taking profit more from a clearly formulated strategy. With increasing innovativeness and risk‐taking propensity, firms also profit more from business case monitoring and agility in portfolio steering. The results suggest that a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation can leverage the effect of IPPM practices. Vice versa, a lacking entrepreneurial orientation can render these practices ineffective. Strategic orientation and IPPM practices should, therefore, be aligned with each other to enable firms to better implement their strategy and generate competitive advantage.     

How new top managers use control systems as levers of strategic renewal

This research is a longitudinal study of 10 newly-appointed top managers; the research focuses on understanding (1) their business vision and strategy and (2) how they use formal control systems as levers of strategic change and renewal. The results reported in the paper are based on data collected over a period of approximately 18 months following the appointment of each new manager. Analysis of the data suggests that control systems are important levers used to manage both evolutionary and revolutionary change. In situations of strategic change, control systems are used by top managers to formalize beliefs, set boundaries on acceptable strategic behavior, define and measure critical performance variables, and motivate debate and discussion about strategic uncertainties. In addition to traditional measuring and monitoring functions, control systems are used by top managers to overcome organizational inertia; communicate new strategic agendas; establish implementation timetables and targets; and ensure continuing attention to new strategic initiatives.     

Corporate technology portfolios and R&D performance measures: a study of technology intensive firms

This paper examines the relations between technology portfolio strategies and five commonly used research and development (R&D) performance measures. Patent and financial data of 78 US-based technology companies from 1976 to 1995 were gathered and analysed to investigate how a well-managed technology portfolio can create synergy and affect R&D performance. A technology portfolio can be characterized by its composition and technology concentration. A valuable technology portfolio that consists of patents with higher average citation made and self-citation ratio can have a positive effect on firm value. Our findings suggest that large firms may enjoy advantages for technological innovation because they can exploit synergy effects of their technology portfolios. Technology concentration strategy does not work well because firms focusing on few technology fields can experience diseconomy to patents received since high-quality patents are increasingly difficult to obtain. This paper lays the groundwork for future empirical research on technology portfolio and R&D performance.