财富转移、决策成本与业主投票规则选择

本文考察了业主间的财富转移、投票成本与投票规则之间的关系.结果表明,提高投票决定规则水平有效抑制了业主间的财富转移,但仅在一定的区间内提高了投票决策成本.而按面积计票和按业主数计票的决议形成成本,在理论上虽有较大差距,而在实际操作中几乎相同.当采用一致同意规则时,业主间的财富转移成本和决策成本有可能同时为零.文中业主间讨价还价成本与业主集体规模之间的关系模型,协调了Buchanan,J.M. 等和Kiesling,H. J.之间的争议.     

Analysis on Rules of Investment Decision Based on Payback Period of Dynamic Investment

The index of payback period of dynamic investment is an improvement on index of payback period of static investment, which is the problem that the rules to evaluate the project are feasible or not. This paper proves that rules shall be apt when using payback period of dynamic investment to evaluate the project feasibility under the condition of keeping the dynamic evaluation index to evaluate the same scheme and the consistent feasibility.     

空载出租车在马尔科夫决策中的平稳分布

空载出租车的马尔科夫决策行动决定了出租车的城市区域分布。根据马氏平稳条件及出租车行业统计规律,计算了空载车区域分布集X空和X总。空载车次率k'可为政府对出租车管理的最优决策提供易测,准确的数据。     

中国政府创业投资引导基金效用——基于随机效应模型的实证研究

利用2005—2014年中国7个创投发展成熟地区的面板数据,基于随机效应模型考察了政府引导基金对创投资本的引导作用和对GDP的促进作用,并对各地区的情况进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:政府引导基金对创投资本的引导作用不明显,但是对GDP具有一定的促进作用;7个地区的政府引导基金效用存在很大差异。     

完善我国破产重整中强制批准制度的对策建议

作为破产重整制度的亮点,新<破产法>引入了强制批准制度,旨在提高企业重整的成功率.当重整计划的表决陷入僵局时,法律赋予了法院在平等保护各方利益的前提下,不顾部分债权人的反对,强行批准重整方案的强制批准权.本文意在比较各国强制批准制度的基础上,深入分析该制度的法理基础与适用原则,建议确立该制度的适用原则并建立系统的判例制度,以此完善我国的强制批准制度.     

主导零售商买方势力背景下的制造商技术创新决策

针对零售市场中大型零售组织买方势力不断增强的现象,研究了制造商的技术创新决策。在由上游垄断制造商、下游主导零售商和边缘零售商组成的纵向市场结构下,构建了四阶段的技术创新决策模型,提炼了主导零售商的谈判势力特征和市场份额特征,给出了主导零售商买方势力背景下制造商的最优创新决策,分析了主导零售商的谈判势力和市场份额对制造商技术创新决策的影响。最后通过具体算例探讨了参数变化对主要结论的影响,并据此提出了促进企业技术创新的建议。     

Contractual Allocation of Decision Rights and Incentives: The Case of Automobile Distribution

We analyze empirically the allocation of rights and monetaryincentives in automobile franchise contracts. All of these contractssubstantially restrict the decision rights of dealers and grantmanufacturers extensive rights to specify and enforce dealers'duties. The allocation of decision rights and incentive intensitydiffers across brands, however. This variation is explainedby the incidence of moral hazard. In particular, when the costof dealer moral hazard is higher and the risk of manufactureropportunism is lower, manufacturers hold more rights to determinethe performance required from their dealers and to use mechanismssuch as monitoring, termination, and monetary incentives toensure that such performance is provided.     

中国入境商务旅游流空间分布特征及流动规律研究

通过构建中国入境商务旅游流网络,运用社会网络分析法定量分析中国入境商务旅游流的空间分布特征及流动规律。研究表明：①中国入境商务旅游流地理分布不均衡,在空间上形成＂四点＂（广州、北京、上海、香港）、＂两面＂（长江三角洲、珠江三角洲）的地理分布格局。②广州是入境商务旅游流最重要的集散中心,入境商务旅游流主要在北京、上海、广州、香港之间转移流动。③中国入境商务旅游流网络中节点由四个层次城市组成,分别是一级核心城市（广州、北京、上海、香港）;二级核心城市（苏州、桂林、杭州）;三级核心城市（义乌、西安、黄山、深圳、无锡、厦门、澳门）及边缘城市（网络中其他节点城市）。     

企业决策权配置的影响因素实证研究——基于扬子石化公司的个案

企业决策权配置是公司治理的核心内容。该文深入系统地分析了决策权配置理论及其影响因素,并以中国国有大型企业的调查数据为基础,利用两阶段回归模型,实证分析了企业决策权配置的关键影响因素及其影响程度,以期为我国企业决策权配置提供定量依据。     

品牌进入消费者考虑集的决策规则——基于牙膏产品品牌的实证研究

消费者考虑集是消费者决策过程中的重要阶段,品牌只有进入考虑集才有可能被最终购买。本研究在上海以牙膏作为测试对象检验了牙膏品牌进入考虑集时消费者所依据的决策规则。实证结果显示,消费者主要使用排除式决策规则、非权重的补偿式决策规则和权重的补偿式决策规则。     

Networks,Knowledge and Power: Decision Making,Politics and the Process of Innovation

This paper examines the highly political nature of innovation appropriation processes. The central focus is on the role of networks, networking, and knowledge in these processes. The data presented is drawn from two case study companies, both of which were implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. While formal, hierarchical authority was found to be an important contextual factor, shaping the appropriation processes examined, it was found that such authority was not automatically translatable into actual power. In terms of knowledge and networks, the paper concludes that they were inextricably inter-related, largely because the typically tacit nature of much relevant knowledge required the development of networks to access and utilize it. The paper further concluded that the use of both networks, and knowledge in the innovation appropriation processes examined had a dual character. They could not only provide access to relevant knowledge and artefacts, but could also be used as political tools in support of particular interests.     

Networks, Knowledge and Power: Decision Making, Politics and the Process of Innovation

This paper examines the highly political nature of innovation appropriation processes. The central focus is on the role of networks, networking, and knowledge in these processes. The data presented is drawn from two case study companies, both of which were implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. While formal, hierarchical authority was found to be an important contextual factor, shaping the appropriation processes examined, it was found that such authority was not automatically translatable into actual power. In terms of knowledge and networks, the paper concludes that they were inextricably inter-related, largely because the typically tacit nature of much relevant knowledge required the development of networks to access and utilize it. The paper further concluded that the use of both networks, and knowledge in the innovation appropriation processes examined had a dual character. They could not only provide access to relevant knowledge and artefacts, but could also be used as political tools in support of particular interests.     

基于DEA的中国电力改革绩效相对有效性评价

我国电力改革已历时近二十年,通过采用数据包络分析(DEA)方法中的两个模型:C2R模型和C2GS2模型,对我国电力在1981￣2001年间的改革绩效进行评价,评价结果发现在此期间我国电力改革的相对规模有效性与相对技术有效性均变化不大,由此认为,近二十年的我国电力改革绩效不明显。     

Electric Utility Restructuring,Regulation of Distribution Utilities,and the Fallacy of "Avoided Cost" Rules

We show that commonly used "avoided cost" rules, which evaluate investment alternatives by comparing their costs to forecasts of future expected cost, are fundamentally flawed for choosing local area investments in distribution capacity. Use of avoided cost rules: 1) confuses cost-effectiveness tests with benefit-cost tests; 2) makes inappropriate marginal comparisons and violates necessary optimality conditions because of the "lumpy" nature of many distribution system investments; 3) fails to incorporate the effects of uncertainty properly; 4) necessarily leads to excess deferral or traditional distribution capacity investments with distributed generation and DSM investments; and 5) does not lead to lowest expected cost investment plans. We conclude by outlining a more appropriate approach to evaluating distribution investments based on evaluations of actual cash flows associated with investment alternatives under uncertainty.     

Monopoly Power and Distribution in Fragmented Markets: The Case of Groundwater

This paper examines monopoly power in the market for groundwater (irrigation water extracted by private tubewells), a market characterized by barriers to entry and spatial fragmentation. In Pakistan's Punjab region, groundwater and tenancy contracts are often interlinked, with share-tenants gaining access to water through the use of their landlord's tubewell. An analysis of groundwater transactions shows that tenants of tubewell owners are charged lower prices than other customers. Tubewell owners and their tenants also use considerably more groundwater on their plots than other farmers. Using detailed price and quantity data, the efficiency and distributional implications of this monopoly power are explored.     

科技创业企业控制权分配的经验分析

控制权分配是创业投资合约的核心特征之一。已有的理论分析表明,科技创业企业控制权分配具有两个明显的特点:一是创业资本家拥有超比例的控制权;二是这类企业的控制权分配是状态依存的。为了对这类企业的控制权安排进行经验分析,笔者选择我国35个具有代表性的创业投资机构,并调查了它们所投资的科技创业企业控制权分配情况。结果表明,我国科技创业企业控制权分配的情况基本上和理论预测相一致。     

我国输配电价格改革研究

输配电网具有典型的自然垄断特性,价格须在政府规制下确定。我国的输配电价改革,应引入先进的规制方法,按经营主体、电网层级和功能重构输配电价格体系,在回报率规制框架内引入激励机制,建立合理的省级共用网络输配电价格结构。构建完整的规制制度和组织体系,包括建立电网企业规制会计准则,建立成本信息定期报送和动态监测机制,设立职能完备、力量充足的规制机构,完善周期性价格核定程序,提高消费者参与能力。完善相关配套措施,同步建立规范的销售侧价格形成机制,推进电网规划与项目审批制度及考核机制和薪酬制度改革。     

Majority voting with stochastic preferences: The whims of a committee are smaller than the whims of its members

This note studies the volatility of the policy chosen by a committee whose members’ preferences are volatile, due to common and individual preferences shocks. It is shown that majority voting mitigates the latter but not the former. The volatility of the policy is smaller the smaller the volatility of members’ preferences, smaller the larger the size of the committee, and smaller than if it was chosen by a single member. The results hold in a context of uncertainty and with multidimensional issues.

基于区间二型模糊TOPSIS的风储联合发电系统协同决策研究

基于风电―储能协同角度,从复杂系统维、运营节点维、主体能效维和外部环境维对风储联合发电系统的协同影响因素进行梳理和分析,形成风储联合发电系统协同评价指标体系。鉴于指标属性和协同决策的复杂性和不确定性,在TOPSIS基础上引入区间二型模糊数对指标权重和指标值的语义值进行处理,构建基于区间二型模糊TOPSIS的风储联合发电系统协同决策模型。结合案例分析,证明所建模型方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于产出存在偏好的废弃物利用策略研究

废弃物利用能为参与企业带来经济效益和环境效益的双重提高,是实现低碳经济的重要途径之一。文章在消费者对以废弃物为原料的产品(简称产品B)和以原生材料为原料的产品(简称产品R)存在需求偏好的条件下,首先分析了废弃物交换具备经济性的条件,然后构建了一个"单一产生企业—单一利用企业"废弃链决策优化模型,通过对模型的求解发现了成本节约函数的4个临界值。接着通过案例,详细探讨了废弃物的废弃率、产品B对产品R的替代系数,以及产品R的价格弹性变动对企业决策的影响。最后,得出了以下结论:第一,当废弃物可能存在剩余时,产生企业的价格决策和产量决策与利用企业的生产决策无关。第二,当利用企业只生产产品B时,产生企业的价格决策和产量决策、利用企业的价格决策和产量决策均与产品B对产品R的替代系数无关。第三,随着废弃物废弃率的变动,交易企业策略将发生变化。文章为相关企业决策提供了理论依据。