The Network of Weighted Majority Rules and Weighted Majority Games

The network organizes in space the weighted majority rules (WMR) and weighted majority games (WMG). The WMRs are the potentially optimal decision rules in uncertain dichotomous choice situations. The WMGs are the well-known subgroup of coalitional games. The nodes are the WMRs or the WMGs, and the directed edges are the decision profiles of the decision makers or the coalitions among the players, respectively. For any group of decision makers, the network yields the ranking of all the WMRs by their efficiency; for any group of players, it yields the differences among the WMGs in terms of winning and losing coalitions.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: C45, C70, C71, D81.     

随机需求曲线下的供应链零售商决策与牛鞭效应

本文讨论由一个供应商和一个零售商组成的简单两级供应链系统中,对于不同的随机需求函数,零售商的联合决策对牛鞭效应的影响。首先建立了基于具有随机扰动项的需求函数下的零售商优化联合决策(库存决策和定价决策)的一般模型;然后分析在随机需求函数为线性和等弹性(假设随机扰动项为独立同分布的正态分布)的情形下零售商决策对牛鞭效应的影响。对于随机线性需求函数,牛鞭效应不会发生;而对于随机等弹性需求函数,仿真实验结果显示,零售商优化联合决策能使牛鞭效应度量值随着曲线等弹性系数或刻度因子的增大而减小,但牛鞭效应始终会发生。因此,零售商在制定策略以减小牛鞭效应时,还应考虑不同需求曲线的形态和精细结构。     

财富转移、决策成本与业主投票规则选择

本文考察了业主间的财富转移、投票成本与投票规则之间的关系.结果表明,提高投票决定规则水平有效抑制了业主间的财富转移,但仅在一定的区间内提高了投票决策成本.而按面积计票和按业主数计票的决议形成成本,在理论上虽有较大差距,而在实际操作中几乎相同.当采用一致同意规则时,业主间的财富转移成本和决策成本有可能同时为零.文中业主间讨价还价成本与业主集体规模之间的关系模型,协调了Buchanan,J.M. 等和Kiesling,H. J.之间的争议.     

Analysis on Rules of Investment Decision Based on Payback Period of Dynamic Investment

The index of payback period of dynamic investment is an improvement on index of payback period of static investment, which is the problem that the rules to evaluate the project are feasible or not. This paper proves that rules shall be apt when using payback period of dynamic investment to evaluate the project feasibility under the condition of keeping the dynamic evaluation index to evaluate the same scheme and the consistent feasibility.     

空载出租车在马尔科夫决策中的平稳分布

空载出租车的马尔科夫决策行动决定了出租车的城市区域分布。根据马氏平稳条件及出租车行业统计规律,计算了空载车区域分布集X空和X总。空载车次率k'可为政府对出租车管理的最优决策提供易测,准确的数据。     

中国政府创业投资引导基金效用——基于随机效应模型的实证研究

利用2005—2014年中国7个创投发展成熟地区的面板数据,基于随机效应模型考察了政府引导基金对创投资本的引导作用和对GDP的促进作用,并对各地区的情况进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:政府引导基金对创投资本的引导作用不明显,但是对GDP具有一定的促进作用;7个地区的政府引导基金效用存在很大差异。     

完善我国破产重整中强制批准制度的对策建议

作为破产重整制度的亮点,新<破产法>引入了强制批准制度,旨在提高企业重整的成功率.当重整计划的表决陷入僵局时,法律赋予了法院在平等保护各方利益的前提下,不顾部分债权人的反对,强行批准重整方案的强制批准权.本文意在比较各国强制批准制度的基础上,深入分析该制度的法理基础与适用原则,建议确立该制度的适用原则并建立系统的判例制度,以此完善我国的强制批准制度.     

考虑买方议价能力的双寡头供应商技术创新决策

在大型零售商的买方议价能力不断增强的背景下,研究了竞争供应商的技术创新决策问题。构建了由异质双寡头供应商、大型零售商组成的纵向市场结构模型,并将大型零售商的议价能力引入模型,考察了大型零售商议价能力条件下供应商的最优技术创新决策,分析了零售商议价能力的变化对不同供应商的技术创新决策的影响。研究发现:大型零售商议价能力的增强促进了小型供应商的技术创新、抑制了大型供应商的技术创新;当零售商的议价能力大于某一临界值时,小型供应商的技术创新水平会高于大型供应商。最后通过具体算例验证了研究结论,分析了参数变化对研究结论的影响。     

拟合的收入分布函数在贫困线、贫困率测算中的应用

对于贫困线、贫困率的测算有多种方法。根据个人收入分布的拟合函数,可以为贫困线、贫困率的测算提供比较科学的依据。     

主导零售商买方势力背景下的制造商技术创新决策

针对零售市场中大型零售组织买方势力不断增强的现象,研究了制造商的技术创新决策。在由上游垄断制造商、下游主导零售商和边缘零售商组成的纵向市场结构下,构建了四阶段的技术创新决策模型,提炼了主导零售商的谈判势力特征和市场份额特征,给出了主导零售商买方势力背景下制造商的最优创新决策,分析了主导零售商的谈判势力和市场份额对制造商技术创新决策的影响。最后通过具体算例探讨了参数变化对主要结论的影响,并据此提出了促进企业技术创新的建议。     

Contractual Allocation of Decision Rights and Incentives: The Case of Automobile Distribution

We analyze empirically the allocation of rights and monetaryincentives in automobile franchise contracts. All of these contractssubstantially restrict the decision rights of dealers and grantmanufacturers extensive rights to specify and enforce dealers'duties. The allocation of decision rights and incentive intensitydiffers across brands, however. This variation is explainedby the incidence of moral hazard. In particular, when the costof dealer moral hazard is higher and the risk of manufactureropportunism is lower, manufacturers hold more rights to determinethe performance required from their dealers and to use mechanismssuch as monitoring, termination, and monetary incentives toensure that such performance is provided.     

中国入境商务旅游流空间分布特征及流动规律研究

通过构建中国入境商务旅游流网络,运用社会网络分析法定量分析中国入境商务旅游流的空间分布特征及流动规律。研究表明：①中国入境商务旅游流地理分布不均衡,在空间上形成＂四点＂（广州、北京、上海、香港）、＂两面＂（长江三角洲、珠江三角洲）的地理分布格局。②广州是入境商务旅游流最重要的集散中心,入境商务旅游流主要在北京、上海、广州、香港之间转移流动。③中国入境商务旅游流网络中节点由四个层次城市组成,分别是一级核心城市（广州、北京、上海、香港）;二级核心城市（苏州、桂林、杭州）;三级核心城市（义乌、西安、黄山、深圳、无锡、厦门、澳门）及边缘城市（网络中其他节点城市）。     

品牌进入消费者考虑集的决策规则——基于牙膏产品品牌的实证研究

消费者考虑集是消费者决策过程中的重要阶段,品牌只有进入考虑集才有可能被最终购买。本研究在上海以牙膏作为测试对象检验了牙膏品牌进入考虑集时消费者所依据的决策规则。实证结果显示,消费者主要使用排除式决策规则、非权重的补偿式决策规则和权重的补偿式决策规则。     

企业决策权配置的影响因素实证研究——基于扬子石化公司的个案

企业决策权配置是公司治理的核心内容。该文深入系统地分析了决策权配置理论及其影响因素,并以中国国有大型企业的调查数据为基础,利用两阶段回归模型,实证分析了企业决策权配置的关键影响因素及其影响程度,以期为我国企业决策权配置提供定量依据。     

Networks, Knowledge and Power: Decision Making, Politics and the Process of Innovation

This paper examines the highly political nature of innovation appropriation processes. The central focus is on the role of networks, networking, and knowledge in these processes. The data presented is drawn from two case study companies, both of which were implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. While formal, hierarchical authority was found to be an important contextual factor, shaping the appropriation processes examined, it was found that such authority was not automatically translatable into actual power. In terms of knowledge and networks, the paper concludes that they were inextricably inter-related, largely because the typically tacit nature of much relevant knowledge required the development of networks to access and utilize it. The paper further concluded that the use of both networks, and knowledge in the innovation appropriation processes examined had a dual character. They could not only provide access to relevant knowledge and artefacts, but could also be used as political tools in support of particular interests.     

Networks,Knowledge and Power: Decision Making,Politics and the Process of Innovation

This paper examines the highly political nature of innovation appropriation processes. The central focus is on the role of networks, networking, and knowledge in these processes. The data presented is drawn from two case study companies, both of which were implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. While formal, hierarchical authority was found to be an important contextual factor, shaping the appropriation processes examined, it was found that such authority was not automatically translatable into actual power. In terms of knowledge and networks, the paper concludes that they were inextricably inter-related, largely because the typically tacit nature of much relevant knowledge required the development of networks to access and utilize it. The paper further concluded that the use of both networks, and knowledge in the innovation appropriation processes examined had a dual character. They could not only provide access to relevant knowledge and artefacts, but could also be used as political tools in support of particular interests.     

出力不确定下基于保险机制的风电供应链 最优交易决策

随着新一轮电力体制改革的日益推进,参与电力市场竞争是消纳风电等可再生能源的必经之路。由于风电出力受风速等自然条件影响,出力具有较强不确定性,导致其实际出力难以预测,使得风电商参与电力市场面临巨大的收益风险。合理地转移风电商的市场风险,引入有效的风险规避机制,对提高风电商收益稳定性具有重要意义。因此本文基于电量损失保险机制,建立了风电商、售电公司以及保险公司的Stackelberg博弈模型,通过逆向递归法求解纳什均衡,分析保险费率与市场三方利润之间的关系,得出市场主体风电商、售电公司以及保险公司的最优交易决策。最后通过具体算例分析验证得出,引入电量保险机制,制定适当的保险费率,能够使风电商、售电公司以及保险公司三方利益实现共赢。     

企业集权度及其影响因素的定量研究

探讨了企业的权力配置中的相关问题,围绕集权度的影响因素展开分析,论述了这些因素对集权还是分权模式是怎样起作用的。通过对国内1327家上市公司的集权度及其影响因素与企业绩效的关系进行研究,找出企业集权与分权平衡发展的状况,为集权与分权的研究提供一个经验指标——集权度,从影响企业集权度的各种因素的角度,指导企业对于组织结构与管理风格做出适应性调整。     

基于DEA的中国电力改革绩效相对有效性评价

我国电力改革已历时近二十年,通过采用数据包络分析(DEA)方法中的两个模型:C2R模型和C2GS2模型,对我国电力在1981￣2001年间的改革绩效进行评价,评价结果发现在此期间我国电力改革的相对规模有效性与相对技术有效性均变化不大,由此认为,近二十年的我国电力改革绩效不明显。     

Electric Utility Restructuring,Regulation of Distribution Utilities,and the Fallacy of "Avoided Cost" Rules

We show that commonly used "avoided cost" rules, which evaluate investment alternatives by comparing their costs to forecasts of future expected cost, are fundamentally flawed for choosing local area investments in distribution capacity. Use of avoided cost rules: 1) confuses cost-effectiveness tests with benefit-cost tests; 2) makes inappropriate marginal comparisons and violates necessary optimality conditions because of the "lumpy" nature of many distribution system investments; 3) fails to incorporate the effects of uncertainty properly; 4) necessarily leads to excess deferral or traditional distribution capacity investments with distributed generation and DSM investments; and 5) does not lead to lowest expected cost investment plans. We conclude by outlining a more appropriate approach to evaluating distribution investments based on evaluations of actual cash flows associated with investment alternatives under uncertainty.