我国紧缩性货币政策的逆向选择问题研究

信息是一种有价值的资源.当"信息完全"的假定不存在时,市场上就会出现劣质产品驱逐优质产品的逆向选择现象.逆向选择浪费了市场资源,降低了市场运作的效率.在我国实施紧缩性货币政策时,逆向选择的存在也对货币政策的实施效果产生了一定的影响.     

区域市场一体化的环境治理效应研究——基于企业污染排放视角的考察

本文利用环保部工业污染源重点调查企业数据库和中国工业企业数据库,对区域市场一体化的环境治理效应及内在机制进行了考察,并从环境治理重视程度视角深入剖析了其对区域市场一体化环境效应的异质性影响。研究发现：区域市场一体化可以促进企业对二氧化硫等污染物的减排且会受到地区环境治理重视程度的影响,在环境治理重视程度越大的地区,区域市场一体化的减排效应也越大,进一步地,当邻近省份环境治理重视程度均较高时,区域市场一体化的减排效应将会被放大,当邻近省份环境治理重视程度均较低时,区域市场一体化的减排效应被完全削弱,当邻近省份环境治理重视程度存在差异时,区域市场一体化的减排效应仍然存在,但是存在被削弱风险。本文的研究将为深入推进区域生态绿色一体化、进一步发挥区域市场一体化推动全国统一大市场的政策抓手作用提供理论依据。     

非完全理性市场中企业投资行为的研究评述

现有研究已表明,企业实物投资同股票的错误定价之间存在密切关系,但关于市场错误定价的效应并没有完全挖掘出来。相机并购方法模型认为,现金收购在长期中获得正的收益,而股票收购在长期中获得的回报为负。尚未解决的问题是,如果不同支付方式下相机并构收益相似,企业管理者为何会选择股票对股票而不是发行股票进行收购。在非完全理性市场下,管理者和投资者均为不完全理性时,其行为如何共同影响企业的实物投资、并购行为以及企业市场价值,这是今后研究的重点和难点。     

企业家的不同位置

松下幸之助曾经讲过:当企业是1个人的时候,我自己干;当企业有10个人的时候,我跑在最前面;当企业有100个人的时候,我走在队伍的中间;当企业有1000个人的时候,我在最后面;当企业有10000人的时候,那就天晓得了。这句话的意思是说,企业处于不同的发展阶段,企业家的"位置"也随之发生改变,其工作重心跟着发生偏移。然而这种偏移是企业发展的正常轨迹吗?企业不同的发展阶段,企业家最适合的位置又是什么?     

过度信贷会激发企业的创新活力吗?

本文从企业角度研究过度信贷对企业创新的影响,考察了过度信贷与政治关联并存时对企业创新的影响,特别是过度信贷能否增强或削弱政治关联对企业创新的抑制作用。实证结果表明,过度信贷能够促进企业的研发支出,但无法有效提高其专利数量,甚至会降低企业的创新效率,且上述影响主要体现在小型企业和非国有企业上。此外,过度信贷企业持有的金融资产增值不仅不能通过财富效应促进其创新活动,股票投资还会显著抑制其创新活动,降低专利数量与创新效率。最后,当企业无政治关联时,过度信贷能显著提高研发支出,但会显著降低创新效率,并对专利数量无影响。但当政治关联存在时,过度信贷不影响企业的创新活动。     

多元化企业有效内部资本市场的均衡配置效应研究

由于投资者保护不完善产生的金融市场的不完美性,从事"挑选胜者"的多元化企业发现,即使经济中有额外资本需求的高生产率项目,通过内部资本市场将稀缺资本配置给平庸项目也是最优的.即使多元化企业的内部资本市场有效,这种内部资本配置偏见也会降低配置效率,因为多元化企业的存在可能使其他公司的融资更为困难.在金融发展处于中等程度的国家,与其多元化企业相联系的负外部性成本特别高,高度多元化会产生家族企业集团控制公司部门的情形,这可能降低市场效率.     

注册制背景下企业IPO的变化与思考

注册制背景下,资本市场的生态环境正在发生根本性的变化,A股市场已经出现了结构化牛市、严重两极分化、赚钱难度变大等现象.IPO再也不是企业一劳永逸的"上岸线",而只是企业参与新一轮市场竞争的"入场券".在全面推行注册制背景下,有资本运作需求的中小微企业仍较难借助IPO参与资本市场;但如果不选择进入资本市场,不借助资本的力量发展企业,则会面临更难的融资困境.是否IPO需要企业从整体环境、企业经营发展、上市成本、资本利用率、IPO时机等角度深入、系统地思考资本运作策略.     

有限套利的市场有效性和风险性分析

行为金融理论是随着现实中金融市场的异象累积而创立的,也确实为现代金融理论无法解释的异象提供了新的解决思路。行为金融理论认为现实市场并不是有效市场假说假设的那样理想,市场存在摩擦且信息不完全,因此套利活动会受到要承担风险和付出成本的限制,即有限套利。但套利活动在一定程度上能提高市场的有效性。     

李嘉图主义的国债经济效应观述评

李嘉图等价长期以来遭到了理论和实证上的批判,它与凯恩斯主义的国债经济效应观存在明显的差异,根源在于二者看待国债的角度完全不一样.家庭代际之间的利他主义为李嘉图等价成立提供了现实基础,流动性约束及市场的不完全性又使李嘉图等价脱离现实.由此,李嘉图等价既基于现实又脱离现实.     

大型工程企业产业结构调整时期的财务行为选择研究

<正>近几年,受益于国家"以投资拉动经济"的政策,基础设施建设投入加大,工程建筑业在其他行业"过冬"的时候,迎来了发展的春天。很多工程企业在近几年规模得到了极快的扩张,不少工程企业每年的产值增长率超过了30%。但是,随着世界以及国内经济的逐渐复苏,可以预见,以后几年国家的基础设施建设投入将会下降,工程企业的施工任务来源将会减少。     

私营企业主的关系网络与社会支持

基于对武汉市31位私营企业主的深度访谈,本文对私营企业主的关系网络与社会支持进行了深入的研究。研究发现:(1)私营企业主的客户群体所拥有的文化资本、权力和经济资源都远远高于其他的群体,而亲戚群体则相对比较低。(2)亲戚在情感和资金方面支持力度最大;员工在工作和业务拓展方面贡献更多;客户在业务拓展和资讯支持方面的作用都是最大的;朋友在信息和情感支持上的作用突出。(3)私营企业主的大部分关系网络是在不断交往和互动过程中建立起来的,吃饭、娱乐和聊天是他们之间互动的主要形式。(4)私营企业主最想结识的是政府官员群体,随后才是客户群体,托人打招呼、请吃饭和送礼是他们建立关系网络最有效的手段。     

Autopsy of Change: Contextualising Entrepreneurial and Accounting Potential in the NHS

Set in the context of New Public Management (NPM), this paper uses two NHS Pathology departments to provide a clearer picture of what reforms have really achieved. Contrasting illustrations of management processes, entrepreneurialism and accounting practices are provided in the case studies. The paper seeks to explain these differences and concludes that the impact of NPM, in terms of entrepreneurial management and accounting practices, is not just contingent upon the type of activity undertaken but also upon the 'antecedent conditions of possibility' embedded therein and the personality and competence of individuals managing front line change.     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.