The Efficiency of the Chinese Commodity Futures Markets： Development and Empirical Evidence

I. Introduction In the early 1980s China set about transforming its moribund economy by adopting, in stages, various elements of the market-based systems. Among the reforms were thederegulation of prices and the introduction of financial markets for assets. The first stock market was set up in Shanghai in 1991 and in the same year the first commodities market opened in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. Since then, both the stock market and the commodities futures markets have expanded substantiall…     

基差偏离度对中国商品期货市场定价的影响 —基于横截面检验的实证分析

构建了中国商品期货市场上最近月合约的基差偏离度指标,并以此构造多空组合进行横截面检验.研究结果发现:基差偏离度较高的期货组合未来会获得较低的收益,而基差偏离度较低的期货组合未来会获得较高的收益;中国商品期货市场上现货溢价的现象较为普遍,由基差偏离度构造的多空组合其超额收益主要来自于组合的多头.这说明基差偏离度是中国商品期货市场上的重要定价因子和风险指标.     

涨跌停板对中国商品期货市场效率影响实证研究

运用上海、郑州、大连期货交易所近六年日交易数据,实证研究涨跌停板制度对我国商品期货市场效率的影响。结论表明,涨（跌）停限制干扰了交易的正常进行,阻碍了信息传递,降低了我国商品期货市场效率,并且涨（跌）停所造成的价格延迟效应一般会延续到第二天。在此基础上,比较分析了与其他市场的异同,提出了相应的政策建议。     

Commodity Prices, Inflationary Pressures, and Monetary Policy: Evidence from BRICS Economies

We assess the transmission of monetary policy and the impact of fluctuations in commodity prices on the real economy for the five biggest and fastest growing emerging market economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). Using modern econometric techniques, we show that a monetary policy contraction has a negative effect on output, suggesting that it can lean against unexpected macroeconomic shocks even when the financial markets are not well-developed in this group of countries. We also uncover the importance of commodity price shocks, which lead to a rise in inflation and demand an aggressive behaviour from central banks towards inflation stabilisation.     

影响我国农产品期货市场效率的期货公司因素与对策

为了进一步促进我国农产品期货市场的完善与发展,提高我国农产品期货市场的效率,对影响我国农产品期货市场效率的期货公司因素进行了具体分析。指出当前我国农产品期货公司存在规模小,竞争力低、业务单一、功能简单、缺乏多级代理机制等问题。提出创新涉农期货公司业务范围,做大做强以农产品为特色的期货公司,从而提高涉农期货公司的竞争力等具体政策建议。     

中国商品期货市场有效性的方差比率检验

随机游动模型的方差比率检验方法可以被用于检验中国商品期货市场的有效性程度。对1999-2004年间六个商品期货品种的收盘价和结算价的分阶段（1999-2001和2002-2004）检验结果表明：铜期货市场在整个样本期间都基本上达到了弱式有效，而铝、天胶、大豆／豆一、豆粕等品种在2002-2004年间的有效性却表现出一定程度的下降。但是，在2002-2004年间，小麦期货市场的有效性得到了一定程度的提高。这些实证结果表明监管当局应该汲取以往期货市场大幅震荡的教训，有针对性地继续努力改进并提高期货市场的有效性水平。     

Rise and Fall of the First Financial Futures Market in China： The Case of Chinese Government Bond Futures

This paper studies the rise and fall of the first financial futures market in China. We compare the characteristics in the Chinese Government bond futures market with those in the US T-bond futures market. They differ in market design and structure, market governance, margin requirements, position limits, delivery process, and the way in which the settlement price is calculated. Furthermore, with a unique dataset, we show that prior to maturities of government bond futures, traders began to accumulate significant amounts of long positions for several selected contracts without the intention to offset, forcing short position holders to either purchase deliverable bonds or offset futures at highly inflated prices, causing higher market volatility and price disequilibrium in both spot and futures markets. Arbitrage opportunity arises and the market eventually collapses. The lessons learned from the suspension of the Chinese Government bond futures market offer an invaluable learning experience.     

国际商品市场中"一价定律"的验证:共同概率模型和动态贸易变量

本文讨论并引伸了Barrett和Li(2002)提出的共同概率模型,在原有基础上将贸易变量动态化,以增加在经验分析中所包含的信息量和解释能力。考虑到国际商品贸易的跨期性,我们的预期价格采用了商品期货价。我们用改进后的方法对中美大豆贸易做了实证分析,发现两国大豆市场自1995年以来基本上是整合的,并发现对竞争性均衡关系的偏离主要发生在早期,即在中国商品期货市场完善和农产品市场体制改革之前。研究还发现两国大豆价差在南美豆收获期后明显缩小。收益不确定性参数的t检验不显著在一定程度上表明了进口商对价格风险的规避行为。     

The effect of index futures trading on volatility: Three markets for Chinese stocks

This paper examines whether the introduction of Chinese stock index futures had an impact on the volatility of the underlying spot market. To this end, we estimate several Generalized Auto-regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models and compare our findings for mainland China with Chinese index futures traded in Singapore and Hong Kong. Our results indicate that Chinese index futures decrease spot market volatility in all three spot markets considered. In contrast, we do not obtain the same results for the companion index futures markets in Hong Kong and Singapore. China's stock market is relatively young and largely dominated by private retail investors. Nevertheless, our evidence is favorable to the stabilization hypothesis usually confirmed in mature markets.     

Impact of Monetary Supply on Chinese Nonferrous Metal Price Movement*

Employing both classical vector autoregressive methodology and regression models utilizing shock factors constructed with the Hodrick–Prescott filtering method, this paper empirically studies the influence of monetary factors on the price of nonferrous metals and their expectation formation in the Chinese market. Monetary factors are found to significantly positively influence Chinese nonferrous metal prices, and further empirical research reveals that a structural change occurred near August 2006. There is an expectation formation mechanism of lagged futures prices on spot metal prices, and the risk originating primarily from international market is transmitted to Chinese markets.     

期货业洗钱风险点及治理对策研究

2005年以来,期货业在中国取得了高速、加速增长,为中国的客户提供了又一减少风险的工具,大大活跃了金融市场。但是我国期货业起步晚、发展粗放也是不可否认的事实,很多配套监管制度没有及时跟上行业的发展,这给洗钱犯罪分子提供了可乘之机。目前,犯罪分子通过期货交易进行洗钱的手法多种多样,一方面,期货业的交易特点存在一些风险点;另一方面,在国内外期货业的发展中洗钱案件也由来已久。本文分析了目前我国期货市场存在的洗钱风险点,以此指出我国期货市场反洗钱工作存在的盲点以及反洗钱工作的方向。在分析国内外期货市场典型洗钱案件的基础上,本文试图通过对期货交易中潜在的洗钱风险、洗钱手法及其行为特征进行理性分析,提出应对以上风险点的治理对策。     

国际大宗商品期货价格与中国CPI的相关性实证研究

美国次债危机以来大宗初级商品价格持续大幅波动,引发了关于我国大宗初级商品价格上涨是否是导致我国通货膨胀原因的讨论。本文对铜、原油、大豆和糖具有国际代表性的大宗商品价格与我国居民消费价格指数(CPI)进行实证分析,利用协整分析、格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应函数等计量方法研究了我国大宗初级商品价格变化对CPI的影响。     

Populists versus theorists: Futures markets and the volatility of prices

In this paper, the divergence between popular and professional opinion on speculation in general and futures markets in particular is explored. Along the way, a synopsis of prevailing popular attitudes on futures markets is presented, and an outline of a formal model of futures markets and its implications for commodity price volatility are sketched. The heart of the analysis is drawn from the historical record on the establishment and prohibition of futures markets. Briefly, the results presented in this paper strongly suggest that futures markets were associated with—and most likely caused—lower commodity price volatility. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential sources of popular antagonism against futures markets.     

Terms of Trade Shocks and Inflation Targeting in Emerging Market Economies

Emerging market economies (EMEs) have persistently experienced different waves of commodity terms of trade disturbances, generating macroeconomic instabilities. The adoption of inflation targeting (IT) by many EMEs has raised questions about its relative suitability in dealing with these shocks compared with other monetary policy regimes. This paper tests the robustness of IT compared with monetary targeting and exchange rate targeting regimes in coping with commodity terms of trade shocks using the panel vector autoregressive technique. The results show that in general, IT countries respond better to commodity terms of trade shocks especially with respect to inflation and output gap. However, exchange rates are more volatile in IT countries than in exchange rate targeting countries. The results suggest that EME countries can reduce the adverse effects of commodity terms of trade fluctuations when they adopt IT, but they also need to pay attention to exchange rate movements.     

我国股指期货市场价格发现功能研究——基于上升、下跌和震荡状态下的分析

为了研究我国股指期货市场的价格发现功能,文章按照时变的思路,根据股指期货在不同市场环境下的作用和表现,将市场区别为上升、下跌和震荡三种情况来检验价格发现功能的差异。通过采用VEC模型、PT模型和IS模型进行对比分析,发现在大牛市和熊市时期,股指期货的所起到的作用会很明显,在价格发现中所占比例较大,为50-70%;而在股市平盘震荡时期,股指期货的价格发现能力要弱一些,只占20-30%比例。文中建议要加快发展我国股指期货市场,改善和优化目前的产品结构体系,减少对市场的不必要限制措施,使之成为更加规范和成熟的股指期货市场。     

东南亚应对通货膨胀的经验与启示

面对2007年下半年以来不断恶化的通货膨胀形势,东南亚主要经济体积极运用市场干预政策、财政政策、货币政策等多种政策协调配合应对通货膨胀。短期内,东南亚的通货膨胀取决于国际大宗商品价格能否企稳和其国内政策能否稳定通货膨胀预期;长期内,则取决于社会生产技术发展水平和其企业对上游产品价格上涨的消化吸收能力。东南亚应对通货膨胀的经验与教训值得我们关注。     

棉花期权推出对标的期货波动性的影响研究

以棉花期权上市为契机研究棉花期货市场的波动性。基于ARMA（1,1）、GARCH（1,1）和EGARCH（1,1）3个模型,通过引入单虚拟变量、双虚拟变量和交互项虚拟变量深入研究棉花期权推出对棉花期货市场的波动性影响。研究发现,棉花期货收益率序列存在波动集聚性,同时无论是否发生新冠疫情,棉花期权推出不仅会加剧棉花期货收益率的波动性,还降低了棉花期货市场的整体波动性和非对称现象,疫情的发生在一定程度上也对棉花期货市场的波动性产生正向效应。最后,依据实证结论对中国棉花期权市场和期货市场提出相应的建议。     

Revisiting the Phillips curve for India and inflation forecasting

This paper focuses on modeling and forecasting inflation in India using an augmented Phillips curve framework. Both demand and supply factors are seen as drivers of inflation. Demand conditions are found to have a stronger impact on non-food manufactured products (NFMP) inflation vis-a-vis headline wholesale price inflation; moreover, NFMP inflation is found to be more persistent than headline inflation. Both these findings support the use of NFMP inflation as a core measure of inflation. But, the impact of global non-fuel commodities on NFMP inflation is found to be substantial. Inflation in non-fuel commodities is seen as a more important driver of domestic inflation rather than fuel inflation. The exchange rate pass-through coefficient is found to be modest, but nonetheless sharp depreciation in a short period of time can add to inflationary pressures. The estimated equations show a satisfactory in sample as well as out-of-sample performance based on dynamic simulations. Nonetheless, forecasting challenges emanate from volatility in international oil and other commodity prices and domestic food supply dynamics.     

Yen carry trades and stock returns in target currency countries

The proliferation of carry trade – a strategy of simultaneously shorting a low-yielding currency and longing a high-yielding currency raises the concern on its impact on global asset prices. In this exercise, we examine the implications of yen carry trade for stock markets in a few selected target currency countries. Three alternative proxies for carry trade activity – a currency-specific profit measure, a currency-specific futures position variable, and the Deutsche Bank G10 Currency Futures Harvest Index – are used. It is found that the three measures of carry trade display various degrees of influences on stock returns in Australia, Canada, Britain, Mexico, and New Zealand. The empirical carry trade effect is robust to the inclusion of three control variables; namely the US stock return, the VIX Index that represents market volatility, and commodity prices. Further, the estimation results suggest that the three measures of carry trade share some common information about stock returns in target currency countries.