虚拟旅游与游客行为意向的相关性分析

<正>近些年,随着旅游休闲产业的发展,虚拟旅游、云旅游等活动不断涌现,实地旅游场景数字化趋势显著,有效地满足了游客的多元化体验需求。文章收集332名体验过虚拟旅游的游客的数据,对虚拟旅游与游客行为意向的相关性进行分析,运用结构方程模型以及多元线性回归对假设模型进行检验,结果表明,游客在虚拟旅游中的存在感对游客行为意向具有积极影响。在此基础上,文章提出了相关建议,希望能够通过虚拟旅游增强游客到实地旅行的意向。     

中国公民出境旅游文明与软实力提升研究

一个国家的“软实力”对于提升国际影响力和形象具有举足轻重的作用,提升国家软实力已经成为中华民族伟大复兴征途中必须面对的现实课题。近年中国公民出境旅游已经成为炙手可热的现象,而我国公民在出境旅游中的不文明行为已成为中国提升国家软实力的瓶颈。本文在中国公民出境旅游文明与提升国家软实力机理分析的基础上,通过构建理论模型,探讨了文明的出境旅游行为与中国软实力提升的相关性,提出了基于中国公民出境旅游文明提升国家软实力的对策。     

饮食旅游动机对游客满意度和行为意向的影响研究

饮食旅游是近年来发展最快的旅游类型之一,但有关游客动机和行为的研究却很少.文章构建结构方程模型,剖析饮食旅游的推动和拉动动机要素,明确旅游动机对游客满意度和行为意向的作用机制.在澳门进行问卷调查获得368个有效样本后,检验假设模型,发现饮食旅游的推动动机为休闲放松、饮食猎奇和文化探索,拉动动机包括饮食产品和配套服务;休闲放松、文化探索和饮食产品对满意度有正向影响,饮食猎奇要素对行为意向有正向影响.文章从供求两方面明确了饮食旅游的参与原因及其后续效应,为发展饮食旅游、提升游客满意度和忠诚度提供了指导.     

人口特征对居民出境旅游目的地选择的影响——一个基于TPB模型的实证分析

2012年,中国已跃居世界出境旅游市场第一大国地位.中国居民出境旅游消费问题成为社会各界关注的焦点,但鲜有文献关注中国居民出境旅游目的地选择个体差异问题.该研究以西方经典的计划行为理论为基础,创新性地将人口特征变量引入TPB模型,采用全国性大规模调查数据,对TPB模型在中国情境下居民出境旅游目的地选择行为研究的适用性进行检验的基础上,重点对人口特征在行为意向与行为关系中所起的调节作用进行实证检验.结果表明:(1)TPB模型对中国情境下居民出境旅游目的地选择行为问题具有很好的解释力;(2)以年龄、受教育程度和收入为代表的人口特征在旅游目的地选择行为意向与选择行为之间起显著调节作用;(3)居民对旅游目的地态度作为人口特征影响目的地选择意向的中介作用并不显著.研究不仅为中国出境旅游组团社经营出境游产品提供理论依据,而且为旅游目的地国家针对中国市场制定营销策略提供决策参考.     

地方依恋、游客满意与游客环境责任行为

文章综合地方依恋、游客满意及环境责任行为理论,构建了地方依恋、游客满意与游客环境责任行为之间的关系研究模型。实证研究表明:(1)地方依赖和地方认同均直接影响游客满意;(2)地方依赖和地方认同均直接影响游客环境责任行为;(3)游客满意直接影响游客环境责任行为;(4)游客满意在地方依恋各维度与游客环境责任行为关系中均起到部分中介作用;(5)游客满意在地方依赖与游客环境责任行为关系中起到正向调节作用;(6)游客满意在地方认同与游客环境责任行为关系中起到负向调节作用。     

现代性、去个性化与游客不文明旅游行为

旅游文明是国家软实力的重要体现和展现国家形象的重要方面。从社会与心理双重视角来看,现代性与去个性化是引发游客不文明旅游行为的重要因素。个体为逃离现代性而参与旅游活动,在现代性作用下,游客的真我疏离感、人际疏离感、社会疏离感会形成求解脱心理、占有意识及后现代性诉求未满足感,从而导致游客不文明旅游现象。在群体中匿名的游客参与旅游活动时,群体性与匿名性会产生去个性化效应,致使游客自我意识减弱、群体意识增强,很可能遵循群体规则,效仿其他游客的不文明旅游行为。因此,应不断满足游客的愉悦性、个性化和体验性等需求,缓解游客的多重疏离感;积极发挥意见领袖的作用,增强游客的自我察觉,弱化去个性化效应,强化文明旅游宣传的示范引领,有效引导游客实施文明旅游行为,营造文明、健康和绿色的旅游氛围,促进新时期我国文化与旅游业的高质量发展。     

旅游本地化趋势下居民游客文明行为的养成路径——以邯郸市居民为例

<正>旅游本地化趋势下,居民兼有游客的身份,在居民游客双重文明公约的加持下,学者们开始研究居民游客文明行为的形成机理。文章以“需要—动机—态度—行为意向”为主要框架,通过整合TPB和MOA模型,综合构建居民游客文明旅游行为意向的形成机制模型,并进行理论假设,以河北省邯郸市的居民游客为研究对象,运用SPSS和AMOS统计软件分析各因素及因变量之间的勾稽关系以及中介效应。研究发现：文明旅游行为养成路径上的价值观及心理驱动层面的研究非常重要,居民的主观规范正向影响感知行为控制并进一步影响文明旅游行为意向。     

传统节庆对旅游者地方依恋和行为意向的影响研究——以广州地区迎春花市为例

传统节庆是目的地传统文化的符号,承载着当地人们共同的文化记忆。部分学者研究传统节庆对当地居民地方依恋的影响,但很少有学者关注传统节庆对旅游者地方依恋和行为意向的影响。文章以广州迎春花市为例,在收集数据的基础上,运用结构方程分析和探究传统节庆、旅游者地方依恋和行为意向之间的因果关系。研究发现：传统节庆对游客的行为意向以及地方依恋的两个维度——地方认同和地方依赖均有显著的积极影响,地方认同和地方依赖均对游客行为意向有显著的积极影响,并在传统节庆和游客行为意向之间具有部分中介作用。文章的结论有助于丰富地方依恋理论,并为目的地旅游管理部门建构传统节庆的地方认同以及建立游客对目的地的地方依赖提出了有针对性的建议。     

Front-Country Campers' Constraints,Negotiation, and Pro-Environment Behavioral Intention: An Extension to the Theory of Planned Behavior

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been successfully tested in leisure and outdoor recreation studies over the last few decades. However, the inclusion of new predictors to improve the theory's predictive power has been encouraged. Utilizing leisure constraints approach, we extended the TPB by adding constraints to the theory. The literature also suggested that individuals employ cognitive and behavioural negotiation strategies to overcome their constraints. Therefore, the influence of negotiation through the constraints was also explored in this study. A sample of 1,009 front-country campers was analyzed to test the proposed extension to the TPB. Results of structural equation modeling confirmed a strong, negative indirect association between constraints and intention. Negotiation was positively and indirectly associated with intention. The proposed extension to the TPB was capable of capturing 84% of variation in intention. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

The Effects of Ambivalence on Behavioral Intention in Medical Tourism

This article attempts to understand the consequences of ambivalence on perceived values, perceived risks, and the relationship between perceived values and perceived risks-behavioral intention. The fundamental theme of this study is ambivalent attitude, a term used to describe conflicting states in which individuals have both positive and negative ratings toward the same object. Using the Amos statistical program, we analyze these relationships by asking 230 Chinese potential medical tourists about their attitudes toward medical tour service. The results of this study show that in ambivalent states, medical service is mainly dependent on cognitive judgment, while tour service is mainly dependent on affective judgment. It is also shown that in the relationship between perceived values and risks-behavioral intention, the perceived functional value is the only variable related to behavioral intention. These findings suggest that the role of ambivalence in decision-making is taken into consideration in the field of consumer behavior.     

出境旅游需求的影响因素--兼论发展中经济体与发达经济体的异同

根据微观经济学的需求理论,结合相关研究进展,文章构建了包括基本经济因素（收入和相对价格）、对外开放度、旅游业发展水平、人口统计特征、突发事件等变量在内的出境旅游需求模型,以74个国家/地区1995—2013年的数据为样本,分析了发达经济体和发展中经济体出境旅游需求影响因素的总体特征与异同。结果表明,收入和价格是影响出境旅游需求的决定性因素,对外开放度、旅游业发展水平、人口统计特征及突发事件等其他因素对出境旅游需求同样具有一定的影响。其中,收入、价格以及产业发展水平对发展中经济体出境旅游需求的影响作用相对更大,而对外开放度和人口统计特征（就业水平、年龄结构和受教育水平）对发达经济体出境旅游需求的影响更加显著。     

中国公民赴韩国旅游市场分析--以我国六大旅游热点城市为例

中韩两国历史源远流长，文化相似，地理相邻，两国人民世代交往不断。由于特定时期的政治原因，两国一度中断了联系。但自1992年中韩建交以来，两国之间的经济、文化交流日益频繁。中国已经成为韩国第二大旅游客源国，中国公民赴韩国旅游业已成为我国出境游市场的重要组成部分。本论文旨在通过对中国公民赴韩国出境游市场的现状进行分析，提出当前韩国游市场存在的问题，并从政府旅游部门、旅游企业及韩方相关机构角度提出相关对策建议，以利于促进中国公民赴韩出境游市场的持续、健康、快速发展。     

Predicting Hunting Intentions and Behavior: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Using a mail survey ( n = 395) of outdoor recreationists, the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991) was applied to the prediction and explanation of hunting. In a series of hierarchical regression analyses, it was found that hunting intentions, but not perceptions of behavioral control, contributed to the prediction of self-reported hunting frequency. Hunting intentions, in turn, were strongly influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control, and these predictors correlated highly with theoretically derived sets of underlying beliefs. Broad values related to wildlife and to life in general correlated weakly with hunting behavior, and their effects were largely mediated by the components of the theory of planned behavior.     

Why Seniors use Mobile Devices: Applying an Extended Model of Goal-Directed Behavior

Seniors’ use of mobile devices for tourism-related purposes is an emerging social trend, but there is little theoretically based research on the topic. This study examines seniors’ usage of mobile devices for tourism-related purposes, applying the extended model of goal-directed behavior. Usefulness and enjoyment are shown to have significant effects on seniors’ use of mobile devices for tourism purposes and prior knowledge of information technology has a significant impact on seniors’ desire and behavioral intention to use mobile devices for tourism-related purposes. This study offers theoretical and practical contributions to tourism academics and practitioners.     

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Identify Beliefs Underlying Visiting the Indiana State Museum

Underpinned by the framework of the theory of planned behavior, this study uncovered the beliefs that could influence individuals' behavior of visiting a museum. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted with visitors at the Indiana State Museum to elicit a range of their behavioral, normative, and perceived behavioral control beliefs with respect to visiting the museum and to determine the strength and importance of the salient beliefs. The findings suggest a consideration of the positive outcomes of visiting the museum—such as learning and socialization, and family members' norm in the design of a persuasive communication intervention.