Progress: Poverty or Prosperity?

A bstract . Henry George and Alfred Marshall agreed that prosperity —growth in national income —was necessary but not sufficient to eliminate the poverty both believed impeded the mental and moral development of mankind. This inherent optimism in the potential benefits of economic growth was , however, their only common ground. George asserted that as long as land was privately owned, prosperity would increase poverty; and called for the fiscal remedy of a "single tax" to appropriate land rent. Marshall argued that increased poverty was only a temporary concomitant of growth caused by a population that was too big in numbers but too Low in skills; and advocated "taming" competition by education, charity, thrift , and breeding restraint. This study constructs a joined debate on progress and poverty by aligning the arguments of these two influential authors whose different personalities and personal histories precluded any true communication during their lifetimes.     

论导致我国农民贫困问题的制度性因素

新时期,我国农村地区贫困出现了新的动向,传统的扶贫机制和方式逐渐显露出弊端,已不适应形势的发展。溯根求源,是我们的相关制度存在一些问题,才导致扶贫工作的缺陷和农民发展能力的不足。     

On Some Statistical Methods for Modelling the Incidence of Poverty

This paper analyzes a common method of estimating the pattern of individual characteristics associated with poverty – the logit/probit technique applied to a dummy variable identifying those individuals who are below a poverty line. We show that this procedure is seriously flawed by a fundamental logical difficulty and further statistical complications when the poverty line is estimated or when generalized poverty measures are used. An alternative approach is proposed, based on a semi-parametric series expansion appproximation to the conditional income distribution. Estimation, testing and summary procedures are established and applied to Hungarian survey data.     

常德农村扶贫攻坚问题与对策研究

扶贫,旨在帮助贫困地区和贫困人口发展经济、发展生产,摆脱贫困的社会工作。本文基于贫困与扶贫的相关理论,以常德市农村扶贫攻坚为研究对象,针对其在扶贫攻坚过程中存在的部分问题进行分析和探讨,并对常德农村扶贫攻坚提出一些对策建议,以期为常德农村扶贫攻坚提供借鉴。     

浅析小额信贷扶贫GB模式运行机理及其实践功能

文章介绍了小额信贷扶贫GB模式的运行机理,认为GB模式可以弥补扶贫到户小额贷款运行中存在的缺陷,并探讨了GB模式的局限性和在实施中应注意的问题。     

Abolish the Poverty Trap

The measures proposed in the Green Paper on Social Security will do little to remove the poverty trap. Professor Michael Beenstock and Michael Parker, of the City University Business School, condemn the Government's proposals as vacuous, ill-considered and hall-hearted. The proposals in the Green Paper would intensity the poverty trap for some by weakening incentives to work.     

浅析中国部分地区的贫困成因及脱贫对策

本文立足于加快实现贫困地区的全面脱贫,系统分析了当前我国部分地区长期处于贫困状态的原因,并结合我国国情,有针对性地提出了相应的脱贫对策,最后援引广东省乐昌市九峰镇的脱贫事例,进一步诠释了文中的观点。     

从区域扶贫看区域中心城市的发展使命——以黔江为例

我国贫困地区特别是集中连片特困地区发展相对滞后,扶贫开发任务仍十分艰巨。近年来国家政策提出把连片特困地区作为主战场,通过区域扶贫来解决区域性贫困问题。从这一角度来看集中连片贫困地区的城镇化与非农化进程中,区域内的中心城市承担着发展资源组合、带动经济发展的使命。以重庆市黔江区为案例,比较研究传统区域格局与新兴区域态势,并从贫困地区发展的目标解读其作为区域中心城市的使命与发展策略。     

农村脱贫人口返贫的阻断机制研究

随着我国扶贫的伟大胜利,返贫问题成为新的关注点。针对返贫现象形成的原因、阻断机制和对应建议,论文采用观察和深度访谈的方法对湖南一些扶贫地区展开了调查研究。研究发现,造成返贫的原因主要有四个方面:自然环境、重大疾病、文化程度和思想桎梏。论文提出其阻断机制为:建立灾害预警和应急系统、建立针对性的健康库、组织乡村培训和展开科普教育。论文对国家、地方政府和农村脱贫后的发展提出了一些建议。     

水工混凝土施工技术的进展与养护方法探讨

随着我国建筑施工水平的不断提升,水工混凝土施工技术被越来越多地应用于建筑施工领域,它不仅有效地提升了施工效率,还保证了项目施工的质量。本文主要研究了水工混凝土施工技术的进展情况,并就水工混凝土的养护方法提出了自己的看法。     

Welfare Spending and Poverty: Cutting Back Produces More Poverty, Not Less

The "New Consensus " on welfare expresses the idea that the major problem in social welfare is dependency , not poverty Much of the evidence for this perspective has come from trend line data indicating that over time poverty did not evaporate in the face of increases in social welfare spending Using various measures of the "dependent" poor, the empirical analysis presented suggests that reducing welfare expenditures relative to need does not produce less poverty and dependency     

Why Everyone Should Read George's 'Progress and Poverty': On the Classic's Centenary, the Specialists Find This 19th Century Best Seller Still Very Timely

Abstract . When one urges that everyone read a classic, Progress and Poverty, now on the centenary of its publication, it is not only because in a democracy the voting citizen decides basic questions of economic policy, but because it appeals to the moral sense of economics students as well as other social scientists. Is it not important that legislation affecting living standards and culture be just, as well as scientifically sound? And that economists, along with other social scientists, master communication technique as Henry George did, so that they can share the fruits of their investigations? Part of the ability to get something done about what is perceived as a problem must rest on the ability to communicate, As Joseph Schumpeter showed, George's proposal that the economic rent of land be collected in lieu of taxes that burden labor and capital was economically sound and his criticism of a tax system that penalizes industry and thrift and rewards speculation is now “obvious wisdom,”     

Household Surveys,Consumption, and the Measurement of Poverty

Household surveys are playing an increasingly important role in the measurement of poverty and well-being around the world. The Living Standards Measurement Study, which was begun in the World Bank under the guidance of Graham Pyatt in 1979, has played an important role in this movement. Its surveys are widely used within the Bank to measure consumption-based poverty, and survey data are now the exclusive basis for the global poverty counts. This paper discusses a number of unresolved issues in using consumption-based surveys for measuring well-being, including the choice of a money-metric versus welfare-ratio approach, the collection of suitable price information, the effects of measurement error on estimation, and methods for correcting per capita consumption for the demographic structure of the household.