当前我国纺织业贸易趋势预测与扩大出口政策性见解

纺织服装业作为中国最具有比较优势和竞争优势的产业,随着2005年全球纺织品贸易配额体制宣告结束,我国纺织服装外贸面临着新的机遇和挑战。因此,利用指数回归分析对未来两年我国纺织服装外贸的情况进行预测,同时针对目前我国纺织服装外贸的现状进行分析并提出相关的出口促进建议,显得尤为必要和及时。     

高新技术产品出口竞争力分析：浙江案例

运用国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数、贸易竞争力指数等对浙江省高新技术产品出口竞争力进行评价,大多数指标显示浙江高新技术产品的竞争力不强。最后提出了提升浙江高新技术产品出口竞争力的若干建议,如政府进一步完善高新技术产业发展的政策,积极培养高新技术人才,加大科技投入力度,不断发展高新技术园区等。     

我国产业国际竞争力的现状与评价

本文基于我国产业国际竞争力发展的现状,对产业国际竞争力的评价方法、评价指标进行了系统分析,选择显示性优势指数、贸易竞争力指数、国际市场占有率这3个指标,利用出口数据评价方法,对我国整体产业国际竞争力进行分析,对我国整体产业及主要出口产品的国际竞争力进行了计算。计算结果显示:我国农业原材料出口产品的比较优势较弱,而出口制成品的比较优势很强;但从整体上看,我国产业国际竞争力还较低。     

金融危机中的中国外贸高风险行业研究

我国对外贸易风险主要集中在燃料矿产品行业、化工行业、机械运输设备行业、办公通讯电子行业、纺织服装行业.在这五个外贸高风险的行业中,纺织服装行业的外贸风险主要存在于出口贸易;燃料矿产品行业和化工行业的外贸风险主要存在于进口贸易;机械运输设备行业和办公通讯电子行业的外贸风险不仅存在于出口贸易,还存在于进口贸易.2003至2007年这五个行业的国际竞争力最高的是纺织服装行业,最低的是燃料矿产品行业.当前,我们要积极扩大内需,缓解外向型经济带来的风险压力.     

中国和印度的贸易扩张:威胁还是机遇?

本文探讨了中印之间以及中印与其它国家之间的贸易竞争性和互补性。研究结果表明:(1)印度在第三方市场,尤其在服装、纺织品和皮革制品等方面,面临来自中国的强烈竞争;(2)中印之间的贸易增长具有一定潜力;(3)中国在中等技术行业对东亚各国、美国和大多数欧洲国家构成挑战,而印度主要对周边的南亚国家构成威胁;(4)在贸易的互补性方面,中国和印度大幅上升的进口为美国、欧洲和东亚一些国家,尤其是日本、韩国、马来西亚、新加坡和泰国的出口提供了扩张的机会。同时我们发现中国的出口结构正在发生变化,技术密集型和高科技产品的出口份额在增加,这表明从长期来看,由中国劳动密集型产品出口带来的挑战将会削弱。本文探讨了中印之间以及中印与其它国家之间的贸易竞争性和互补性。研究结果表明:(1)印度在第三方市场,尤其在服装、纺织品和皮革制品等方面,面临来自中国的强烈竞争;(2)中印之间的贸易增长具有一定潜力;(3)中国在中等技术行业对东亚各国、美国和大多数欧洲国家构成挑战,而印度主要对周边的南亚国家构成威胁;(4)在贸易的互补性方面,中国和印度大幅上升的进口为美国、欧洲和东亚一些国家,尤其是日本、韩国、马来西亚、新加坡和泰国的出口提供了扩张的机会。同时我们发现中国的出口结构正在发生变化,技术密集型和高科技产品的出口份额在增加,这表明从长期来看,由中国劳动密集型产品出口带来的挑战将会削弱。     

论我国劳动密集型产业比较优势和竞争优势的互补性

我国是一个人口大国,劳动力资源丰富是一大优势。发展劳动密集型产业符合我国的比较优势。但是,比较优势并不等于竞争优势。比较优势也可理解为比较生产费用优势,它是由各国土地、劳力、资本等有形资源禀赋上的差别引起的。比较优势强调的是各国不同产业之间的竞争力比较,而竞争优势强调的是各国同一产业之间竞争力的比较。一国产业的比较优势只有通过竞争优势的发挥,才能得到最终体现。一个国家具有比较优势的产业,如果在国际市场上缺乏竞争力,没有一定的竞争优势,就难以实现其比较优势。     

基于区位商理论的安徽特色产业研究

应用区位商和贸易比率理论,通过对安徽各产业进行计算和分析,确定以现代农业,以煤炭、电力为主的能源产业,以汽车等交通运输设备、机械设备为主的装备制造业,以冶金、化工、建材为主的原材料产业,以农副食品加工业、饮料制造业、纺织业、服装及其他纤维制品制造业为主的食品轻纺产业,以电子信息、生物技术等为主的高新技术产业以及现代服务业为安徽的特色产业。安徽要大力发展这些具有地方特色的特色产业,实施特色产业集群发展战略,加速推进经济发展。     

The sectorial impact of commodity price shocks in Australia

This study reports that commodity price shocks predominantly affect the mining, construction and manufacturing industries in Australia. However, the financial and insurance sectors are found to be relatively unaffected. Mining industry profits and nominal output substantially increase in response to commodity price shocks. Construction output is also found to increase significantly, especially in response to a bulk commodity shock, as a result of increased demand for resource related construction. Increased demand for construction has a positive spillover effect to the parts of the manufacturing industry that supply the construction sector with intermediate inputs, such as the non-metallic mineral sub-industry. In contrast, other manufacturing sub-industries with only tenuous links to the resources sector such as textiles, clothing and other manufacturing, are relatively unresponsive to commodity price shocks.     

环境规制对比较优势的影响

在古典和新古典贸易理论中，一国的贸易模式取决于该国的比较优势。本文的研究结果表明，发达国家环境规制的严格化使得发展中国家重度污染密集型产业的比较优势得到相对的强化，而对中、轻度污染产业的影响则依据产业的不同而不同。文章还以我国纺织服装业为例作了进一步分析。最后，作者从环境规制的完善、产业结构调整及环境成本内在化几个方面提出了政策建议。     

AUSTRALIAN COMMODITY EXPORT PASS-THROUGH AND FEEDBACK CAUSALITY FROM COMMODITY PRICES TO THE EXCHANGE RATE

Commodity export pass-through is examined for Australia in an attempt to determine whether Australia is a price-taker in its commodity export trade. This is undertaken for seven categories of Australia's main commodity good exports. We also determine if there is feedback causality from particular world commodity prices back to the exchange rate as is often hypothesised for commodity good intensive exporting countries. It is found that Australian commodity good export pass-through is complete for the goods which are relatively less important in its export trade but is incomplete (although high) for the goods which are most important in its export trade. There is significant feedback causality to the exchange rate from the world price of coal and wheat, two of Australia's most important commodity good exports over the 1980s and early 1990s.     

South African trade policy mattersTrade performance and trade policy*

South African trade policy has exerted a major influence on the composition and aggregate growth of trade. In the Apartheid period, South Africa developed a comparative advantage in capital‐intensive primary and manufactured commodities partly because of its natural resource endowments, but also because the pattern of protection was particularly detrimental to exports of non‐commodity manufactured goods. By contrast, trade liberalization from 1990 not only increased imports, but by reducing both input costs and the relative profitability of domestic sales also boosted exports. This evidence suggests that additional trade liberalization and policies that afford South African firms access to inputs at world prices could well be part of the strategy to enhance export diversification.     

我国信息制造业大企业国际化动因研究

通过对信息制造业大企业国际化动因研究,得出宏观方面动因包括政府的鼓励政策、抢占国际市场、发挥比较优势,产生规模效应、有效的突破贸易保护主义壁垒,扩大出口;微观动因包括企业战略、同业竞争以及需要相关支持行业的结论,并针对动因提出一些对策建议。     

中、日、韩知识密集型服务贸易结构变动及比较优势的实证研究——基于RCA与特化系数等的分析

笔者从进出口总量、贸易结构与贸易竞争力3个角度,应用对称性RCA指数、特化系数等指标,对于21世纪以来中、日、韩知识密集型服务贸易比较优势与贸易结构变化进行了比较分析。研究结果表明:中国知识密集型服务贸易逆差较大,且呈现出扩大的趋势,对知识密集型服务贸易需求急剧增长;在知识密集型服务贸易领域,中国在整体上比较优势弱,与日本、韩国相比,还有很大差距;从分项目的知识密集型服务贸易来看,中国位于知识密集型服务贸易的低端,中国弱势行业多为2国强势行业,中国通讯贸易与韩国通讯贸易在出口上存在竞争。     

Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Firms

This paper examines how country, industry, and firm characteristics interact in general equilibrium to determine nations' responses to trade liberalization. When firms possess heterogeneous productivity, countries differ in relative factor abundance, and industries vary in factor intensity, falling trade costs induce reallocations of resources both within and across industries and countries. These reallocations generate substantial job turnover in all sectors, spur relatively more creative destruction in comparative advantage industries than in comparative disadvantage industries, and magnify ex ante comparative advantage to create additional welfare gains from trade. The improvements in aggregate productivity as countries liberalize dampen and can even reverse the real-wage losses of scarce factors.     

中国贸易方式转型与制造业就业结构关联性研究

2005年后 ,我国城镇制造业就业结构出现了非对称变化 ,东部省区制造业就业比重显著下降 ,中西部省区下降速度较慢甚至有所上升.产业结构、外商投资、贸易规模和商品结构等传统研究视角无法完美解释这一现象.基于2006 -2013年28个省级地区制造业整体及各子行业面板数据 ,在控制了相关变量及内生性问题后 ,文章研究发现 :代表低端劳动密集型的加工贸易比重与当地制造业就业占比呈显著正相关,纺织、服装等传统劳动密集型制造业及计算机、通信、电子设备制造和电器仪表制造等高劳动-资本比的制造业是加工贸易方式影响制造业就业结构的主要渠道;此外 ,近年全国尤其是东部省区加工贸易比重的下降带动了当地制造业熟练劳动力比重的上升.这为解释我国制造业就业结构变化提供了一个新的视角 ,也说明处于不同贸易方式转型阶段的地区应重视贸易方式转型对就业结构的影响,并采取差异性的就业政策.     

Revisiting Exports and Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam

Since 1986, Vietnam has undertaken various reform measures in the trade and foreign investment area. This paper finds significant contributions of world trade, and competitiveness and liberalization effects to Vietnam's export growth over the period 1997–2008. Vietnam's exports became more competitive and better complemented the import demand of Vietnam's trade partners. In addition, dynamic comparative advantage became evident in many products, but significant room remains for improving export competitiveness. Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows also increased and helped stimulate Vietnam's exports. FDI inflows have increased in both the short‐ and long‐term, yet are only of a limited magnitude. This necessitates more effective measures to enhance the linkages between FDI and domestic enterprises.     

A structural VAR analysis of the impact of macroeconomic shocks on Pakistan's textile exports

This paper creates a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model which looks at the macroeconomic factors that impact the export of both finished and unfinished Pakistani textiles between 1980 and 2011. The analysis is unique in two ways: first, it separates unfinished (low value-added) textile exports from finished (high value-added) textile exports; second, it separates out the impact of aggregate exchange rate changes with respect to trading ‘partners’ from aggregate exchange rate changes with respect to trading ‘competitors’. We find that unfinished, or low value-added, Pakistani textile exports were positively impacted by the aggregate consumption of trading partners while finished, or high value-added, textile exports were negatively affected by these shocks. Also, a real depreciation of the Pakistani exchange rate leads to temporary increases in unfinished textile exports but sustained increases in the level of finished textile exports. Finally, positive shocks in the textile exports of competitor countries lead to temporary decreases in both unfinished and finished Pakistani textile exports, but these falls were followed by eventual increases in the exports of both.     

贸易制度安排下的美国纺织品进口格局

《纺织品和服装协议》完成过渡期后，国际纺织品贸易进入了没有配额限制的自由化贸易时代但是，美国通过双边的、多边的贸易协定和贸易优惠法案对来自某些国家和地区的纺织品和服装给予优惠待遇的贸易制度安排，改变了国际纺织品贸易的流量和流向，扰乱了国际纺织品自由竞争的秩序，影响了美国纺织品进口贸易的格局，直接影响到包括中国在内的WTO成员国的纺织品和服装对美的出口.     

提升我国纺织产业科技发展的战略研究

文章基于对各国有关纺织品贸易的技术性措施发展趋势的分析,指明了我国纺织产业提升科技水平的重要性.并探讨了我国纺织产业的科技现状以及发展科技的有利条件和不利因素,最后阐述了提升我国纺织产业科技的战略选择和具体措施。     

Estimating the Impact of WTO and Domestic Reforms on the Indian Cotton and Textile Sectors: a General-Equilibrium Approach

The agreement to abolish the quotas on textiles and clothing introduced under the Multi‐fiber Arrangement (MFA) will create a new and much more competitive world market for India's exports of textiles and clothing. India's inefficient and costly policies, such as cotton export quotas, the hank yarn obligation, and the restrictive policies on foreign investment that have held back productivity in the Indian apparel sector, will impose serious costs. The authors consider the implications of reforming these policies in an open trading environment using a multiregion, applied general‐equilibrium model. They find that the costs of these policies to India increase substantially following abolition of the MFA; the benefits to India from domestic reforms are considerably enhanced when there is global free trade in textiles and apparel.