Firm-level export performance assessment: Review, evaluation, and development

Export performance is one of the most widely researched but least understood and most contentious areas of international marketing. To some extent, this problem can be ascribed to difficulties in conceptualizing, operationalizing, and measuring the export performance construct, often leading to inconsistent and conflicting results. This study reviews and evaluates more than 100 articles of pertinent empirical studies to assess and critique export performance measurements. Based on gaps identified in this evluation, guidelines for export performance measure development are advanced, suggesting, however, a contingency approach in their application. Several conclusions and implications for export strategy and future research are derived from this analysis. Constantine S. Katsikeas holds the Sir Julian Hodge Chair in Marketing and International Business at Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University. His main research interests lie in the areas of international marketing and purchasing, global strategic alliances, and competitive strategy. He has published widely in these fields and his articles have appeared inJournal of International Business Studies, Journal of International Marketing, (formerly Columbia)Journal of World Business, Journal of Business Research, Industrial Marketing Management, andManagement International Review, among others. Leonidas C. Leonidou is associate professor of marketing at the University of Cyprus. He obtained his Ph.D. in marketing from the University of Bath, and has research interests in international marketing, relationship marketing, strategic marketing, and marketing in emerging economies. He has published extensively in these fields and his articles have appeared in various journals includingJournal of International Business Studies, Journal of Business Research, Journal of International Marketing, andManagement International Review. Neil A. Morgan is assistant professor of marketing in the Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His research interests focus on strategic issues concerning marketing resources and capabilities, and marketing planning and implementation processes and their links with business performance. His work has appeared inJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Business Research, Industrial Marketing Management, British Journal of Management, European Journal of Marketing, and other journals.     

高管薪酬、激励与公司业绩关系研究述评

关于公司业绩与高管薪酬的关系,很难用一个简单的线性关系来解答。无论是委托代理理论、信号理论、激励理论,还是契约理论,都有诸多的假设前提;而利用上市公司数据的实证研究结论又依赖于数据样本、计量方法以及公司薪酬、业绩等代理变量;因而,无论是实证研究还是理论模型研究,对公司业绩与高管薪酬的关系都未有定论。在研究我国公司高管激励问题时,还应将经济制度、法制乃至人文环境加入激励模型。     

莫块化设计、生产与组织：一个综述

模块化作为一种解决复杂问题的新方法，能够使设计方案更加多样化，更好地应对设计的不确定性，还能使生产过程和组织效率更加高效。因而正在不同的领域得到更为广泛的应用，成为新产业结构的本质。本文将对现有的模块化文献从设计、生产和组织三方面进行综述，并对其简要评论，以期更好地理解模块化的适用范围和局限所在，进而对促进我国产业结构的优化升级、提升产业国际竞争力，提供有益的启示。     

模块化设计、生产与组织:一个综述

模块化作为一种解决复杂问题的新方法,能够使设计方案更加多样化,更好地应对设计的不确定性,还能使生产过程和组织效率更加高效,因而正在不同的领域得到更为广泛的应用,成为新产业结构的本质。本文将对现有的模块化文献从设计、生产和组织三方面进行综述,并对其简要评论,以期更好地理解模块化的适用范围和局限所在,进而对促进我国产业结构的优化升级、提升产业国际竞争力,提供有益的启示。     

Family structure,materialism, and compulsive buying: A reinquiry and extension

The present study represents a reinquiry and extension of Rindfleisch, Burroughs, and Denton's (1997) foundational study concerning the impact of family structure on materialism and compulsive buying in young adults. In addition to reexamining the relationships specified in the Rindfleisch et al. study, the authors of this study also examine additional and/or different relationships. The findings of their reinquiry include the following: (1) family structure is positively related to the happiness dimension of materialism; (2) the predicted direct effect of family structure on compulsive buying was not supported, suggesting that divorce may not affect compulsive buying until early adulthood; and (3) the mediating roles of family stressors and family resources, and the moderating role of socioeconomic status may require additional investigation. Directions for future research in this nascent area of inquiry are offered. James A. Roberts (jim_Roberts@baylor.edu) (Ph.D., University of Nebraska-Lincoln) is the W. A. Mays Professor of Entrepreneurship and associate professor of marketing at Baylor University. He has had articles published in numerous journals including theJournal of Consumer Affairs, theJournal of Business Research, theJournal of Public Policy and Marketing, Business Horizons, Psychological Reports, theJournal of Marketing Theory and Practice, theJournal of International Consumer Marketing, theJournal of Social Behavior and Personality, theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Industrial Marketing Management, theJournal of Managerial Issues, theEducation Review, theJournal of Marketing Management, and various conference proceedings. Areas of research include selling and sales force management, compulsive buying, socially and ecologically conscious consumer behavior, and advertising-related issues. Current research efforts focus on the marketing/entrepreneurship interface. Chris Manolis (manolis@xavier.edu) is an associate professor of marketing at Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Kentucky, and his research interests include the study of psychological and behavioral processes of exchange participants and various methodological/empirical research issues. His research has appeared in a number of journals, including theJournal of Business Research, theJournal of Consumer Psychology, theJournal of Consumer Marketing, theJournal of Services Marketing, Basic and Applied Social Psychology, andStructural Equation Modeling. Joh F.(Jeff) Tanner Jr. (jeff_tanner@baylor.edu) (Ph.D.,University of Georgia) serves as associate dean at Baylor University. His research interests are the use of marketing technology to promote responsible behavior and customer relationship management. He has published research in theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Business Research, theJournal of Public Policy & Marketing, and others.     

集权和分散经济与预算软约束理论:一个文献综述

预算软约束是转型经济面临的最重要的激励扭曲之一,了解其发生的原因有着重要的意义。系统的梳理目前一条较为主流的软约束理论,即从集权和分权经济的角度探讨政企关系可以发现,"时间不一致性"是软约束产生的重要原因。这不仅可以帮助我们更好地理解软约束问题,还为如何在国企的改革中克服预算软约束提供了一定的启示。     

Statistical analysis and design in marketing journal articles

The use of statistical analysis in 922 articles from the 1980 through 1985 issues of the Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science (JAMS), the Journal of Marketing (JM), the Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), and the Journal of Consumer Research (JCR) was analyzed. A reader with no statistical background can understand 31, 56, 9, and 21 percent of the articles respectively in these four journals. Knowledge of regression and analysis of variance is important in comprehending many of the articles. Thirty-eight percent of the JAMS articles and 25, 57 and 56 percent, respectively, of the other three journals make use of these statistical techniques. Knowledge of any other single statistical method, except for factor analysis used in the JMR, provides only a marginal increase in the understanding of the literature. JAMS, JMR and JCR report extensive use of experimental designs, while the JM focuses on archival and survey types of designs. The tabulations in this paper should prove useful to marketing practitioners planning self-development and to faculty who teach undergraduates, graduates, and professional development courses. Several suggestions for increasing the accessibility of journal articles are proposed.     

数据变革、数据理论与数据治理:一个简要述评

本文阐述和探究了数字时代下的数据变革趋势及国家支持政策、数据经济理论和数据治理的基本问题.首先,促进数据要素的运用与发展已经成为全球共识.其次,基于不同假定和市场情境,学术界对搜集与使用用户数据问题的理论研究在数据共享的效率影响方面得出了不同结论:当消费者是否理性、是否拥有信息优势的假定不同时,数据优势是否会被滥用、数据共享是否会提升效率的研究结论完全相反;在数据技术、数据交易、数据支付等不同市场情境中,会出现多种福利结果,如效率提升、市场失灵、服务提供者可能滥用数据信息优势等.最后,学术界对于数据治理方面的研究主要围绕数据产权的界定与分配、数据集中及数据(和算法)伦理责任等三个方面展开.数据产权界定和分配主要依据数据分类分级原则对初始数据进行判定;数据集中主要从可触达性或可及性而非产权角度、从数据产业价值链条的角度来审视;数据(和算法)伦理责任包括可解释、可问责、透明、正义与中立等方面的义务.本文的探究和梳理有助于深化对数据的认识和治理.     

品牌关系理论研究述评:视角、主题和核心观点

文章以全球品牌关系相关文献为分析对象,系统回顾了国内外对品牌关系领域的主要研究成果,将研究文献的视角归纳为关系主体研究视角、关系流程研究视角、关系规则研究视角,在三个研究视角的统筹下,总结了研究主题和核心观点:品牌关系概念主题、品牌关系测量主题、品牌关系动态发展主题、品牌关系型态主题、品牌关系与其他品牌模型关系主题,并在此基础上指出了未来的研究方向。     

行为金融述评:渊源、定位与在中国的研究

由于标准金融学的理性人假设和有效市场假说的缺陷,行为金融以心理学和行为学为基础,提出有限理性和非有效市场,来解释金融市场的异象,这是对标准金融学的强有力挑战。标准金融学和行为金融学之间的差异是研究目标不同。标准金融学描述经济个体的最优决策行为,而行为金融描述的是真实决策行为。文章综合了国内外的研究文献,对行为金融的渊源和定位作出综述,并提出目前行为金融的研究框架内容和在中国的研究展望。     

日本地震保险:制度设计·评析与借鉴

日本地震保险制度的主要特点是将家庭财产与企业财产分开 ,对前者因地震而发生的损失 ,在规定限额内由民间保险公司和政府共同承担赔偿责任 ;对后者因地震而发生的损失 ,在承保限额内由民间保险公司单独承担赔偿责任。这对同是地震多发国家的我国地震保险制度的构建具有重要的借鉴意义。本文介绍了日本地震保险制度的基本框架 ,并在对其进行简要评析的基础上 ,对我国地震保险制度的架构作了初步探讨。     

工作嵌入理论述评:结构、测量及前因后效

经过10余年发展,工作嵌入已成组织行为学中比较独立的理论,但国内研究者对工作嵌入的理论渊源、内容结构和测量模型等有待进一步的认识.文章据此从五个方面进行述评:(1)梳理了工作嵌入的三个理论渊源. (2)介绍工作嵌入内容结构的两个视角. (3)厘清了组合测量与整体测量的数理原理,指出已有测量工具的不足及缺陷. (4)述评工作嵌入的前因后效文献. (5)指出工作嵌入进一步研究的四个方向,即界定社区概念的内涵外延、探讨工作嵌入的前因因素、吸纳其他理论成果及对特定人群的研究.     

对口支援理论、实践与升级：文献梳理及启示

作为一项具有中国特色和显著优势的区域互助机制,对口支援在脱贫攻坚、应急管理、区域治理等领域发挥了重要作用,是推进区域协调发展和完善国家治理的重要一环。现有文献主要基于横向转移支付和生产要素流动与转化两个视角探讨了对口支援的理论基础,重点分析了对口支援实践中的经济支援和智力支援两类政策工具,并探究了对口支援在促进受援地区经济增长和区域协调发展以及改善贫困治理、政府治理和公共服务等方面的政策效应。经过萌芽、探索、完善、升级四个阶段的演变,对口支援从单向的输入帮扶转向双向的合作共赢,实施领域不断拓展,政策工具不断创新,但也存在政府作用需要优化、参与主体积极性有待提高、实施效率欠佳等问题,应积极探求新时代对口支援的新路径、新模式。总体上看,对口支援的理论研究滞后于实践探索,需要加强基础理论和战略规划研究,通过全面总结多样化多层次的实践模式提炼出具有普适性的中国经验,进一步细化和深化政策效应及其影响机制和异质性研究,并积极创建相关数据库和改进实证方法以提高经验分析的准确性。     

进口品属性、溢出与全要素生产率:文献综述

虽然进口贸易对进口国全要素生产率的溢出效应,依据进口品属性的不同而呈现不同特点,而且目前对物化型技术溢出的研究远比对非物化型技术溢出的研究丰富,但两类文献使用的分析框架均是类似的。本文着重分析了现有主流分析框架存在的三方面问题,第一是内生的对不同规模国家R＆D溢出资本存量的错误估计;第二是存在含测度误差;第三是重复测算。进而在解决上述问题的基础上提出．后续研究应重视制度对溢出的重要影响,必须考虑研究对象的异质性,还应该区分与控制由进口贸易引致的竞争效应。     

Work alienation of marketing employees: Influence of task,supervisory, and organizational structure factors

This study presents an integrated work alienation model that includes a number of relevant exogenous antecedents from the task, supervisory, and organizational structure domains. The study hypothesizes that these antecedents influence work alienation of marketing employees both directly and indirectly because of the effects they have on employees’ role stress and commitment to the organization. Simultaneous inclusion of relevant antecedents enables the study to establish the relative importance of each antecedent for work alienation of employees. The study also includes a comparative evaluation of the applicability of the proposed model for subgroups of employees stratified by gender. He obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Texas at Austin and has several years of practical experience in sales management. His research interests are in the areas of sales management, marketing strategy, and international marketing. He has previously published in the International Journal of Research in Marketing, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Journal of International Business Studies, Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, and a number of other marketing/international journals. He obtained his Ph.D. at Ohio State University. His practical experience includes international trade of merchandise and sales and supply of industrial plants and equipment. His research interests are in the areas of international marketing and sales management. He has previously published in Advances in International Marketing, International Trade Journal, Journal of International Business Studies, and Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, and has contributed to several national and international conference proceedings. He obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Texas at Austin and has several years of practical experience in advertising management. His research interests are in the areas of advertising, marketing strategy, and international marketing. He has previously published in the Journal of Advertising Research and has contributed to several national conference proceedings.     

转型目标、顺序及动力机制:一个文献述评

作为一种大规模制度变迁,转型向学者们提出了许多难题:转型的目标是什么?转型的最优顺序应该怎样?转型的动力机制有哪些?本文对上述问题的相关文献进行了概括,并对已有转型理论进行扩展和深化.     

组织社会化策略的类型、效应及其作用机制：一个文献综述

组织社会化策略是组织促进员工社会化,使之成为组织所期望角色的策略或方法。基于对已有相关文献的回顾,阐述组织社会化策略的类型,可从不同视角梳理和归纳组织社会化策略的影响效应与影响机制,并就未来的研究方向提出展望。     

波特竞争优势理论：基本架构、最新发展与质疑

本文重点介绍了波特在20世纪90年代后期完善其竞争理论中的最新成果,在肯定其学术贡献的同时,一方面指出竞争优势理论缺乏外向性、普遍性等;另一方面,对波特竞争理念提出了不同的看法。     

国外声誉理论:文献综述、研究展望及对中国的启示

近年来,经济学中的声誉理论已经越来越受到人们的普遍关注.我们首先指出声誉理论的基础是KMRW理论,然后将现有的声誉理论研究成果归纳为微观视角的声誉理论与宏观视角的声誉理论,在此基础上总结其基本思想与主要结论并进行了简要评述.最后指出其对转型中国颇具启示:声誉机制与以国家强制力为实施保障的国家司法系统是维持市场经济有序运行的两种基本机制.当前,法律的重要性已广泛被社会认同,但时声誉机制的重要性认识远远不够,尤其对于如何把声誉机制和声誉理论应用于解决信用缺失方面还比较欠缺.事实上,与法律相比,声誉机制是一种成本更低的机制.