静脉留置针使用及并发症的预防护理

目的探讨静脉留置针的使用及并发症的预防护理方法。方法对78例使用静脉留置针的患者进行观察,并且给予精心的护理,对并发症进行预防护理。结果本组78例患者经过精心护理后,无1例出现液体渗漏、皮下血肿、导管阻塞、静脉炎,仅1例出现导管脱出,静脉输液效果较佳。结论应对静脉留置针进行科学、正确地应用,最大程度地减少并发症的发生,减轻患者治疗费用及身心痛苦,同时,还能大幅度提高护理工作质量及工作效率,增加患者及家属的满意度。     

一贯责任制在老年性肺结核患者静脉留置针护理观察

目的 探讨一贯制责任护理模式对老年性肺结核静脉留置针护理效果.方法 回顾性分析我院收治的59例肺结核患者,采取一贯制责任护理模式,分析患者的预后及转归.结果 59 例患者均一次成功留置针管,临床未发现严重并发症.其中1 例患者出现导管堵塞,经过疏通后正常应用.结论 一贯制责任护理模式在老年性肺结核患者静脉留置针护理中具有较好的临床应用价值.     

静脉留置针在神经外科中的应用与护理措施

目的 探讨和分析静脉留置针在神经外科中的应用及护理情况,为以后临床运用静脉留置针时采取合理的护理措施提供参考.方法 对于我院近期收治的神经外科病人60 例,采用静脉留置针的方法进行输液治疗,观察疗效,并总结合理的护理措施.结果 采用静脉留置针法输液的60 例病人中,未见明显的不良反应发生,只有2 例出现静脉炎,总体治疗效果显著.结论 静脉留置针可在神经外科中广泛应用,值得推广.只要正确掌握穿刺方法,严格无菌操作,采用合理的护理措施,便可使用静脉留置针法来减轻患者痛苦,提高医护人员的工作效率,为患者提供更多宝贵的抢救和治疗时间.     

应用百克瑞治疗药物渗漏性皮肤坏死临床护理体会

目的探讨百克瑞杀菌纱布用于药物渗漏性皮肤坏死的临床疗效及护理。方法针对我院2009年2月～2012年12月发生的32例药物外渗中5例4级典型药物渗漏性损伤患者,在彻底清创及常规换药的基础上,局部敷以百克瑞复合溶葡萄球菌酶杀菌纱布,观察治疗结果,创面分泌物细菌培养。结果 5例患者创面经连续三天换药后可见周围红肿减轻,渗出物明显减少,继续换药后溃疡周边可见新鲜肉芽组织生长,溃疡逐渐愈合,未发生创面感染情况。结论百克瑞杀菌纱布具有较强的广谱杀菌能力,能祛除坏死组织,促进肉芽组织生长,表皮组织再生,是一种比较安全的创面用药,适用于发生药物渗漏性损伤的治疗。     

重症颅脑损伤的急救策略

目的就重型颅脑损伤患者急救策略进行探讨。方法选取2011年8月～2013年8月在我院ICU科收治的200例重型颅脑损伤患者,对其进行急诊护理。结果本组200例重型颅脑损伤患者经过上述急诊护理后,未出现1例医疗纠纷,患者满意度达到了100%。结论针对不同时期出现的临床症状做好防护措施,避免意外发生,才有利于患者的身心康复,提高治愈率。     

静脉留置针在小儿护理的临床应用

目的分析静脉留置针在小儿护理临床应用中出现的主要问题,例如留置时间不理想、穿刺失败等,从患者和护理两个方面因素进行分析总结并提出相应的解决方法。方法总结在我院采用静脉留置针100例患儿的临床特点,分析静脉留置针穿刺输液的方法和效果。结果 100例患儿中,最短留置时间为2d,最长留置时间为7d,平均为5d。只发生1例穿刺点周围小面积皮肤感染,未出现全身感染的案例。结论在小儿输液中,采用静脉留置针的方法,可减少患儿痛苦,降低护理工作量,临床操作简单,适合在临床上进行推广。     

化疗药物外渗的原因分析及护理策略

目的 对肿瘤静脉化疗药物外渗进行临床观察和原因分析,提出相应预防及护理对策,从而降低化疗药物外渗对肿瘤患者的损伤,提高护理质量.方法 就发生外渗的原因详细分析,对化疗药物外渗所引起临床表现进行总结,探讨预防及处理措施.结果 出现化疗药外渗的原因有整体护理健康知识宣教知识不完善、护士责任心不强、对化疗药物特性掌握不完全等.结论 对化疗药物外渗情况进行提前预防,并在出现外渗进给予及时的护理,减少化疗药物外渗所带来的不良后果,减轻患者痛苦、提高患者生存质量.     

浅谈静脉留置针在呼吸科中的应用与护理

目的对静脉留置针在呼吸科中的应用和护理进行探究。方法选取2008年12月～2011年6月我院收治的186例行静脉留置针穿刺的患者,对相关的护理措施进行实施,并对并发症的情况进行分析。结果发生并发症的患者有35例,包括3例局部渗血、2例导管脱出、11例静脉炎、15例液体渗漏以及2例静脉血栓、2例皮下血肿。结论对无菌技术操作进行严格的执行,对套管针穿刺方法有所掌握,正确封管、封管液配制准确,及时处理并发症问题,可有效促使留置针的使用,进而使留置针留置的成功率得到提高。     

重度有机磷农药中毒的急诊护理

目的探讨重度有机磷农药中毒的急诊护理措施,以提高抢救成功率,降低病死率。方法选取我院收治的重度有机磷农药中毒患者64例,将其随机均分为两组。对照组患者采取常规护理,观察组患者采取综合护理,比较两组患者并发症发生情况、洗胃液量及洗胃时间。结果观察组患者洗胃液量及洗胃时间均少于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组仅出现1例（3.1%）胃黏膜损伤,对照组出现11例（34.4%）胃黏膜损伤,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对于重度有机磷农药中毒患者采取综合护理措施,可有效改善患者的临床症状,减少并发症的发生,提高急诊抢救成功率和患者生存质量及预后。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂对急性脑梗死患者治疗的护理

目的探讨重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的护理措施。方法对我院收治的94例采用rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗脑梗死患者的临床护理资料进行分析,总结有效的治疗方法,制订并实施正确的护理措施。结果本组患者经治疗与有效护理后,患者脑缺血时间明显缩短,最大限度恢复了脑正常功能;其中治愈72例,显效14例,好转5例,3例溶栓过程中有出血倾向而停药。结论加强早期急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓治疗与护理,可有效救治患者濒临死亡的脑组织。溶栓护理对溶栓疗效有较大影响,对脑梗死患者的康复和降低致残率有极其重要的意义。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...