腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟疝58例与经腹股沟切口疝囊高位结扎术46例临床效果分析

目的比较腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术与经腹股沟切口疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟疝的临床效果。方法回顾性分析我院收治的腹股沟疝患儿104例的临床资料,其中行腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术患儿58例作为腹腔镜组,行传统经腹股沟切口疝囊高位结扎术患儿46例作为对照组,比较两组平均手术时间、术后疼痛持续时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况。结果腹腔镜组平均手术时间、术后疼痛持续时间和住院时间分别为(19.2±2.2)min,(22.6±4.5)h和(3.0±0.6)d;对照组分别为(42.5±4.2)min,(56.2±6.0)h和(5.8±1.1)d,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组出现阴囊水肿2例,无皮下血肿和鞘膜积液发生;对照组出现阴囊水肿5例,皮下血肿3例,继发鞘膜积液2例,腹腔镜组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术微创、手术和住院时间短、并发症少,是治疗小儿腹股沟疝的理想术式。     

早期远端胃癌腹腔镜手术的疗效评价

目的探讨分析早期远端胃癌腹腔镜手术的疗效。方法选取我院2010年12月～2011年12月间收治的早期远端胃癌行腹腔镜手术的20例患者作为观察组,另同期选取早期远端胃癌行开腹手术的20例患者作为对照组,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、住院时间等。结果在手术时间方面比较,观察组长于对照组。在术中出血量、术后排气时间、住院时间方面比较,观察组优于对照组。两组比较有显著差异,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论早期远端胃癌腹腔镜手术的疗效显著,具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少的特点,值得临床推广使用。     

七氟醚联合氯胺酮在小儿腹腔镜疝气修补术中的应用

目的观察七氟醚联合氯胺酮在小儿腹腔镜疝气修补术的临床效果。方法选取我院2012年1月~12月收治的100例疝气患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组50例,观察组采用七氟醚联合氯胺酮麻醉,对照组采用静注氯胺酮麻醉。结果两组间对比发现,观察组的HR、MAP在术前、术中、术毕与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为14%明显低于对照组的26%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组苏醒时间为(8.34±3.50)min明显短于对照组的(14.60±6.50)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论七氟醚联合氯胺酮在小儿腹腔镜疝气修补术中的应用,安全性高,副作用小,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜下手术治疗小儿先天性胆总管囊肿的临床疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗小儿先天性胆总管囊肿的临床疗效。方法对我科收治采用腹腔镜下囊肿根治切除、肝总管空肠Roux-Y吻合术治疗的43例先天性胆总管囊肿患儿进行回顾性分析,并与同期收治采用开腹手术治疗的43例患儿进行对照研究。结果腹腔镜组在手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、并发症等方面均少于开腹手术组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下实施小儿先天性胆总管囊肿根治术,术中创伤小、出血少、恢复快,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

胆结石小切口胆囊切除与腹腔镜切除胆囊治疗的效果观察

目的探讨胆结石小切口胆囊切除与腹腔镜切除胆囊治疗的临床效果。方法选自2013年4月至2014年4月本院收治的108例胆结石患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为两组,对照组54例患者予以小切口胆囊切除术治疗,研究组54例患者予以腹腔镜切除胆囊治疗,分析围术期数据及并发症情况。结果研究组患者手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间及住院时间均少于对照组,且术后出现并发症1例(1.9%)少于对照组的10例(18.5%),比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜切除胆囊治疗胆结石的临床效果明显,患者术后恢复较快且并发症较少。     

微创小切口手术治疗单纯性阑尾炎患者的临床疗效

目的：探讨微创小切口手术治疗单纯性阑尾炎患者的临床疗效。方法选取2010年1月至2014年1月南京中医药大学附属常州市中医院普外科收治的单纯性阑尾炎患者资料150例,按随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,各75例。观察组患者行微创小切口手术治疗,对照组患者行常规阑尾切除手术治疗,比较两组患者的手术指标、并发症发生情况及治疗效果。结果观察组患者手术时间、术后排气时间以及住院时间均明显短于对照组,术中出血量明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;观察组患者术后发生感染、皮下积液、肠梗阻发生率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组患者治疗优良率为94.7%,明显优于对照组的85.3%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论采用微创小切口手术治疗单纯性阑尾炎效果明显、经济实惠。     

腹腔镜辅助与开腹手术治疗进展期胃癌的对比分析

目的探讨使用腹腔镜辅助对于治疗进展期胃癌的临床应用价值。方法选取我院在2009年6月～2012年6月期间收治并确诊为进展期胃癌的患者120例,并将其随机分为两组,腹腔镜组60例患者施行腹腔镜辅助手术,对照组60例患者则施行开腹手术,对两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、术后排气时间、清扫淋巴结数、术后并发症及住院费用等指标进行比较。结果两组患者在清扫淋巴结数、手术时间及住院费用等方面比较,均无显著性差异,但术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后并发症及住院时间等方面的差异有统计学意义。结论使用腹腔镜治疗进展期胃癌具有出血量少、创伤小、恢复快等优点,与开腹手术治疗相比,近期优势明显,值得在临床上进行推广。     

喉罩七氟醚吸入麻醉在小儿疝气手术中的临床研究

目的分析和探讨喉罩七氟醚吸入麻醉在小儿疝气手术中的的临床效果,总结其临床价值。方法回顾性分析2011年1月~2013年1月我院进行疝气手术的患儿40例,观察组应用喉罩七氟醚吸入麻醉,对照组采用异丙酚静脉麻醉,分析比较苏醒时间、清醒时间和不良反应等情况。结果所有患儿的手术时间均在10~20min内完成,两组麻醉效果均为满意。但观察组体动和睁眼时间、完全清醒时间较对照组短,恶心、呕吐及躁动的发生率低于对照组。结论七氟醚是一种镇痛和麻醉作用较强的吸人性麻醉药物,具有诱导和苏醒迅速,刺激性小,患儿易接受等特点,比较适用于喉罩吸入,值得临床借鉴和推广。     

腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术临床效果评估

目的探讨腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术在子宫肌瘤患者中的应用效果。方法选择于2010年12月至2012年12月在我院妇产科治疗的子宫肌瘤患者74例,随机分为两组,观察组采用腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术,对照组采用经阴道子宫肌瘤切除术,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后肠胃功能恢复时间及并发症发生情况等。结果观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后肠胃功能恢复时间及并发症均少于/低于对照组,组间差异具统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术疗效良好,具有手术时间短、术中出血少、住院时间短、术后胃肠功能恢复快、并发症少的优点,值得临床推广。     

58例腹腔镜腹膜外手术治疗局限性前列腺癌临床效果分析

目的对腹腔镜腹膜外手术治疗局限性前列腺癌的效果分析。方法选自2010年2月~2013年2月在本院收治的局限性前列腺癌患者58例,将其分为两组,对照组29例患者行开放性手术进行治疗;实验组29例患者行腹腔镜腹膜外手术进行治疗,对两组患者一般资料、临床疗效等进行观察并比较。结果两组患者在手术时间、引流时间比较差异不明显,无统计学意义(P>0.05);但实验组在术中出血量、输血例数、术后住院时间、术后肠、胃功能恢复时间、术后感染率等指标比较均低于对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜腹膜外手术在治疗局限性前列癌时,具有失血少、住院时间短、术后并发症发生率低、死亡率低等特点,且治疗效果较传统开放性手术效果好,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.