The NCAA and the Rule of Reason

This brief essay considers the use of antitrust’s rule of reason in assessing challenges to rule-making by the NCAA. In particular, it looks at the O’Bannon case, which involved challenges to NCAA rules that limit the compensation of student athletes under the NCAA rubric that protects the “amateur” status of collegiate athletes. Within that rubric, the Ninth Circuit got the right answer. That outcome leads to a broader question, however: Should the NCAA’s long held goal, frequently supported by the courts, of preserving athletic amateurism be jettisoned? Given the dual role that colleges play, that is a complex question, which raises issues that are not only commercial but also educational. More important for the purpose at hand, is whether jettisoning amateurism in NCAA athletics is a suitable task for an antitrust tribunal. This paper argues that antitrust law is not an appropriate vehicle for addressing that issue. This does not mean that antitrust has no role to play in policing athlete compensation in NCAA schools. But it does suggest that that role be limited to addressing restraints on trade that occur within the rubric of amateur status—at least until such time as a more competent body decides whether amateurism in collegiate athletics is worth preserving.     

The NCAA Cartel and Antitrust Policy

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) was originally founded to protect student athletes from the brutality of college football. The NCAA has established a number of prominent athletic programs and achieved huge commercial success. In spite of this success, the NCAA has limited the compensation of student-athletes through collusive monopsonistic restraints. Ordinarily, these restraints would be vulnerable to antitrust attack, but the NCAA has enjoyed benign neglect by the U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission. The root of this is the Board of Regents [National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, 468 U.S. 85 (1984)] decision, which requires rule-of-reason treatment of the NCAA’s restraints. The essential role of amateurism of student athletes is used to justify the NCAA’s cartel behavior. In this paper, we demonstrate that amateurism is a myth. We suggest that the NCAA will be unable to provide an evidentiary foundation for its claim that amateurism is crucial to the success of college athletic programs. In addition, we reject the possibility of an efficiency defense for the NCAA’s cartel behavior.     

国有企业维修体制改革实践

一、维修体制改革的必要性和可行性。仪征化纤股份公司二厂维修体制改革的必要性和可行性主要体现在以下方面。     

Whither Strategic Choice: Do Managerial IR Ideologies Matter?

Following the emphasis on managerial ideologies in the Kochan, Katz, and McKersie strategic choice model, this study employs survey data from 293 Canadian firms to explore the extent to which managerial ideologies about unions, participation rights, and employment involvement (EI) programs explain managerial actions and outcomes independently of context variables. It finds that they do matter, but are generally of secondary importance to context variables. There is thus need to marry strategic choice with more structural theories of variation.     

国有资产管理体制进一步改革的总体思路

本文从国有经济改革面临的两对基本矛盾入手,讨论国有资产管理体制进一步改革,提出竞争性领域国有资本与垄断性领域国有资本从管理体制上分开,建立社会信托投资基金、国家控股公司和承担基础性公益服务的公法人组织三种出资人体制的总体思路。认为竞争性领域的国有资本管理应当完全"去政府化",而在垄断领域,政企分开的目标不可能完全实现,关键是在国有资本的公益性与营利性之间寻求平衡。     

Whither Hong Kong's Unions: Autonomous Trade Unionism or Classic Dualism?

This paper presents an evaluation of the ideologies and behaviour of the main union groupings in Hong Kong. The CTU's 'adversarial' line and 'inclusive' approach has threatened to break with the traditional industrial pacifism of Hong Kong's unions, while the FTU's recognition of its 'dual functioning' role has been balanced by the need to maintain credibility as an effective representative of workers' interests. The TUC has been passive in recent years, and the independent unions tend to be rather inward-looking. Unions remain weak, particularly at the workplace, and it is uncertain to what extent union autonomy can be sustained.     

CK3263 数控系统改造选型与应用

针对CK3263数控转塔车床数控系统改造的选型与应用，阐明了数控系统选配中择优工作的重要性，同时追求节约改造资金和改造综合效能最佳的原则。     

热轧机组主传动系统单电机拖动改造

介绍热轧机组主传动控制系统主要组成和电机主从控制原理。针对热轧机组出现的事故,提出单电机拖动的改造方案并进行可行性分析,阐述改造主要措施和效果。     

方坯连铸机集中润滑系统改造实践

方坯连铸扇形段的设备极易受到相邻流道铸坯的烘烤,寿命较短.集中润滑系统存在缺陷,实施相应的整改措施后,设备的使用寿命明显延长,铸坯质量得以保障和提高。     

2006年,人民币将稳步升值

11月25日，中国中央银行与国内10家商业银行进行了总量为60亿美元的掉期操作，央行以当日人民币对美元8.08％的汇率向这些商业银行卖出了60亿美元，同时规定一年以后再以7.85％的汇率将之买回。央行以较低的人民币利率买回商业银行以较高利率拿到手的美元，两方达成共识，7.85％成为个均衡价格，此项操作意味着即使美元兑人民币跌至7.85％，两边也不赔不赚。虽然未来人民币升值水平会达到一个怎样的情况，目前我们很难准确预测，但作为主要金融机构，央行此举中，价位体现出来远期汇率的理论，无疑像是一个信号指标，     

阿根廷天然气行业的改革

阿根廷政府进行天然气行业改革的目的,一是大量吸引投资,扩大基础设施建设和市场投资规模,从根本上扭转储产量下降,能源供给不足的局面,二是引入市场竞争机制,促使企业提高生产效率和产品及服务质量,降低成本,三是建立公正透明的监管体制,确保行业规范有序发展,四是在保障消费者利益的同时使国家的经济收益最大化,1990－1992年,阿根廷政府从转变政府职能入手,对油气行业结构和监管体制进行了配套改革,其核心举措是：行业重组与开发,引入市场竞争,建立现代化监管框架,提供法律法规保障,得益于行业改革,10年阿根廷的天然气产量几乎翻了一番,预计未来10年还将以每年3．6％的速度增加,我国在参孝国际经验时,应当充分注意与对照国的差异,慎重考虑国家能源安全,资源长期开发利用,经济可持续发展,保障渐家经济利益,增强国内企业生存竞争能力等关乎国家发展前途的重大问题,以确保天然气行业的健康发展。     

桥式卸船机的升级与改造

对桥式卸船机进行升级与改造,采取增加硬件电路、改进PLC程序等措施,解决卸船机运行中存在的问题。     

重整装置预加氢系统铵盐结晶的原因分析及处理措施

催化重整装置预处理流程的目的是为后续催化重整流程提供合格原料,从而保证重整催化剂不被污染。文章以公司催化重整装置实际生产运行情况为背景,针对连续重整预加氢流程原料铵盐结晶的现象,提取了典型事故案例,进行了原因分析,根据结晶原因提出了处理方法及预防措施,效果良好。     

上市公司存量非流通股流通改造方法研究

1999年开始的国有股减持市场化实践，实际上已涉及到非流通股流通问题，2002年1月27日在中国证监会网站公布的国有股减持方案阶段性成果，更是将国有股减持扩展到实现非流通股的流通这一关系股票市场全局的问题上。在开放与持续健康发展的要求下，上市公司分割缺陷是目前中国股票亟待解决的问题。本文在归纳已有的非流通股流通问题研究思路的基础上，着重分析了出售与缩股思路的出发点及存在的问题，提出了尊重历史，兼顾发起人对股份公司贡献的指导思想，引入发起人资本公积贡献杠杆作为调节系数，通过对非流通股的历史追溯调整来解决其流通问题。     

新形势下高校房产管理改革的探讨

通过对高校后勤改革中存在的不足及工作偏差进行研究,分析了房产改革在高校后勤工作中的重要性和迫切性,指出了其中的纰漏和弊端,以及没有充分完善的地方。针对现有的弊端,提出了相应的一些解决办法和措施。高校房产管理改革重在提高房屋的使用效率及经济效益。     

深化体制改革加强行业服务

各位领导、各位代表: 首先我代表广西电力行业协会对自治区领导和来自全区各地的代表,表示最热烈的欢迎!对为这次会议提供很好的场所和优质服务的桂东电力股份有限公司,表示衷心的感谢.广西电力行业协会是去年9月1日在桂林成立的,当时我们只是在原来广西电力企业管理协会的基础上把名称改了一下,改为行业协会.结合这次电力体制改革的深化以及去年行协成立会上,自治区党委常委、政府副主席王汉民给我们行协讲了话,希望电力行业协会不能仅仅局限于原来的广西电力有限公司的直属单位和一部分系统外的发电单位.而应该把带有电的单位都结合在一起.这样才是行业协会的真实含义.王副主席的指示以及电力体制改革的进一步深化,刚才赵总经理也讲了电力行业协会是电力企业改革的一个很重要的部分.因此我们把愿意参加我们行业协会的,愿意为我们电力服务的一些单位都发了申请表.原来我们行协有44个会员单位,现在有98个会员单位.     

以信息化改造石化流程工业

中国石化工业面临的竞争日益激烈 ,在知识经济唱主角的今天 ,应利用信息化来改造传统的石化企业的生产方式、组织体系和运行机制 ,以增强其国际竞争力     

Summary of an Article on Reforming Land-Use Regulations

This article describes how excessive land use control adversely affects the cost of housing. Numerous studies showing the impact of over-regulation on housing costs are cited. The article provides both a historical and philosophical context for public land use regulation and describes key judicial decisions as well as competing public and private interests that shape the regulatory environment.
Specific attention is given to the work of the Committee on Government Regulation and the Cost of Housing of the President's Commission on Housing. The various recommendations of the Commission are set forth, the central one being the enactment of state and local legislation to restrict zoning regulation to that which is necessary to achieve what the Commission terms a "vital and pressing" governmental interest. A number of other specific Commission recommendations are also enumerated including density of development, restrictions on manufactured housing, size of dwelling units, growth controls, farmland preservation, development standards and fees, and local permit processing. The article concludes with a strong statement regarding the need for public education as a prerequisite for reform.