台湾与内地会计法规多维比较及其协调对策

曾作为亚洲经济“四小龙”之一的中国台湾地区有着比较独特完备的会计法规制度体系，对我国大陆的会计法规建设与制度完善有借鉴价值。为加快推进中国内地和台湾会计法规制度的区际化协调，作者将从会计法规特点与环境要素等多视角入手，通过两地会计法规比较分析，提出立足于国情，为建立与健全具有鲜明特色的中国会计法规体系的一些策略建议。     

科技成果转化绩效评价指标体系的比较分析

首先确定与科技成果转化绩效评价高度相关的56篇影响力大的样本文献,然后对这些文献采用文献计量法和比较分析法从科技成果转化绩效评价指标体系的设计原则、层次设置、底层评价指标的个数、不同被评价对象的评价指标选取、评价指标权重确定方法分别进行对比分析。结果表明,在设计科技成果转化绩效评价指标体系时遵循最多的3项原则分别是可操作性、科学性和系统性;2层的评价指标体系采用的文献篇数最高（占比64.29%）;底层评价指标个数为13～17的文献数量之和为17,相对最多（占比30.36%）;科技成果转化绩效评价方面在微观、中观、宏观3个层面上存在着失衡现象,微观层面、中观层面、宏观层面的占比分别为62.5%、33.93%、3.57%;主观赋权法和客观赋权法的使用频次接近,使用的具体赋权法的占比由高到低排序分别是层次分析法（占比33.93%）、数据包络分析法（占比17.86%）、专家调查法（占比10.7%）、主成分分析法（占比8.92%）、熵值法（占比8.92%）。     

Relating management practices to job characteristics of R&D: The case of Taiwan

Based on a study of researchers in three major R&D industries in Taiwan, this article found that while both supportive and directive styles of management are important in the supervision of R&D processes, the supportive behavior seems to be more effective than the directive strategy in motivating research professionals at work. Data also indicated that the job characteristics of R&D may be significantly influenced by industrial conditions. The management differences between industries are explained in the features peculiar to each particular industry. Implications of the findings for enhancing the management effect are also discussed.The author is an Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C. All correspondence should be sent to this address.     

会计监督与审计监督的不可替代性与互补性研究

会计监督与审计监督虽然同属于经济监督体系,但是又有各自独立的体系,它们在经济监督中所产生的作用有所不同。本文从企业内部的角度探讨了会计监督与审计监督的不可替代性和互补性,明确了两者的关系,才能为企业内部开展经济监督提供可靠的依据。     

Paradoxical impact of asymmetric regulation in Taiwan's telecommunications industry: Restriction and rent seeking

The mobile penetration rate in Taiwan has climbed from 6.86 to 112.15. Mobile phone accounts per 100 capita in the first 6 years of market competition, during this time the state-owned incumbent Chunghua Telecom has been dethroned by a new entrant, Taiwan Cellular Corp. This paper addresses the cause of Taiwan's unprecedented mobile growth, and provides policy solutions for countries that strive to improve their telecommunications sectors in a short time scale. The authors highlight the fundamental role of asymmetric regulation, rather than pure liberalization, in the creation of the deregulated telecommunications industry in Taiwan. The asymmetric regulation in Taiwan is manifested in a twofold framework: the dominant carrier vs. competitors, and the fixed-line carrier vs. mobile companies. Econometric analysis concludes that dualistic asymmetric regulation leads to higher growth for mobile competitors and raises the total mobile penetration rate. However, the authors warn against the paradoxical consequences of dualistic asymmetric regulation. The regulatory benefits which mobile entrants received evolved into rents when they successfully lobbied to end the follow-me call service, the pricing scheme of which contradicts the asymmetric revenue-sharing constraint. The paper calls for a sunset clause for dualistic asymmetric regulation in order to take full advantage of its strengths, while at the same time preventing rent seeking by the firms, which benefit.     

采用甲方施工图预算和工程量清单计价相结合的办法控制工程造价

按照正常的工程结算方式,我们国家大多采用的是施工图预算方式,施工图预算的依据为国家和行业定额加相关取费文件.但是,由于施工图预算计算起来往往由于预算人员的计算误差和对施工图理解的不同,思维方式的不同,造成建设单位和施工单位计算的结果误差较大,给工程结算造成较大的麻烦.为了解决这一问题,作者在多年从事工程概预算经验的基础上,提出对工程结算的方式进行改革.采用变乙方作施工图预算为甲方作预算的办法,在工程结算中对于规范项目按照国际上通用的做法-工程量清单计价的办法.在具体项目上要灵活运用甲方施工图预算和工程量清单计价的特点,将二者有机的结合在一起,对有效确定和控制工程造价具有重要的意义.     

Social capital and cross-selling within financial holding companies in an emerging economy

Social capital is the goodwill available to individuals or groups from their network of relationships. It is widely believed that social capital is useful in facilitating and governing hazardous transactions. But how social capital, in the context of a financial holding company (FHC), actually facilitates cross-selling is unknown, especially in an emerging economy. This article maintains that effective cross-selling requires an FHC to first access and accumulate comprehensive and tacit customer-specific knowledge (the “where from” condition) and then share and leverage this knowledge to other applicable business opportunities (the “where to” condition). The role of social capital and embedded ties is found to be critical to this process. Finally, we argue that the major route for the effective cross-selling within an FHC is from the commercial banking division to the underwriting division. Hypotheses are tested on the transactional data collected from Taiwan, and empirical results provide broad support for our arguments.

Personal value systems of Japanese trainees and managers in a changing competitive system

A study of personal values held by Japanese and foreign students, trainees and managers showed recent Japanese trainees slightly more conservative than their 1979 cohorts. Foreign students and foreign managers held more pro-American work values than either Japanese managers or trainees. Finally, for the Japanese respondents, there was some evidence of specific shifts away from the Japanese employment system in the areas of thenenko compensation and promotion systems in their organisations.Roy J. Adams is a Professor of Industrial Relations in McMaster University; Richard B. Peterson is a Professor of Management and Organization in the University of Washington; Hermann F. Schwind is an Associate Professor in St. Mary's University.     

Application of discrete event simulation to the activity based costing of manufacturing systems

In the last two decades traditional cost accounting practices have been unable to respond to the changing information needs of manufacturing management. Activity Based Costing (ABC) is a method which can solve many of the limitations of traditional cost systems. This method of accounting involves the breaking down of the individual activities and costing of the amount of time spent on each step of the manufacture of a product. This paper illustrates how Discrete Event Simulation may be used to evaluate the ABC of a manufacturing system. A visual interactive simulation software WITNESS is used to model a semi-automated Printed Circuit Board (PCB) assembly line. The PCB assembly line case study demonstrates how ABC can be applied to a manufacturing system using simulation modelling techniques. The paper also discusses further applications of ABC in the manufacturing environment and includes a case study on the operational quality cost.     

煤矿企业构建岗位价值核算体系的创新实践

介绍了构建岗位价值核算体系的背景,对岗位价值核算体系的内容作了详细规定,给出了构建岗位价值核算体系的关键措施。     

管理会计体系建设问题研究

分析了管理会计在企业战略、业务、财务一体化决策中的重要工具作用和意义,指出了制约管理会计发展及企业实施管理会计过程中的经验和困难;提出了加强管理会计体系建设,必须积极发挥财政部的推动作用,明确管理会计体系发展的目标和方向,切实建立管理会计体系工作计划和步骤等相关政策建议。     

浅谈企业会计政策选择

从会计政策的涵义出发，阐述了社会主义市场经济条件下，会计政策选择的必然性，以及在我国准则体系不完善的情况下，进行会计政策选择的总体原则。最后探讨了在目前情况下进行了会计政策选择要注意的问题。     

Corporate Governance and Performance in Publicly Listed,Family-Controlled Firms: Evidence from Taiwan

Using a multi-industry dataset of 228 firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE) this paper analyses the effects of ownership structure and board characteristics on performance in large, publicly traded firms that are controlled by founding families. After taking account of possible endogeneity problems, we do not find that family control is associated with performance measured in terms of accounting ratios, sales per issued capital, earnings per share and market-to-book value. However, share ownership by institutional investors, and foreign financial institutions in particular, is associated with better performance. Our results indicate that board independence from founding family and board members’ financial interests have a positive impact on performance.     

Local food,food miles and carbon emissions: A comparison of farm shop and mass distribution approaches

This paper provides a critical commentary on the conception of food miles followed by an empirical application of food miles to two contrasting food distribution systems based on carbon emissions accounting within these systems. The comparison is between the carbon emissions resultant from operating a large-scale vegetable box system and those from a supply system where the customer travels to a local farm shop. The study is based on fuel and energy use data collected from one of the UK’s largest suppliers of organic produce. The findings suggest that if a customer drives a round-trip distance of more than 6.7 km in order to purchase their organic vegetables, their carbon emissions are likely to be greater than the emissions from the system of cold storage, packing, transport to a regional hub and final transport to customer’s doorstep used by large-scale vegetable box suppliers. Consequently some of the ideas behind localism in the food sector may need to be revisited.     

Marketing in underdeveloped economies

This paper by Professor Eid attempts to show that marketing, as an economic institution, is neglected in underdeveloped countries. The author argues that marketing can play a greater role in the development of these countries; specifically he writes on the status of marketing and the indigenous obstacles to the inception of distributive and marketing systems.     

On the regional impact of broadband on productivity: The case of Brazil

This paper analyses the incidence of broadband on regional productivity in Brazil, intending to find out if the economic impact is uniform across all territories of the country. The possibility of performing a regional approach to test the effect of broadband on productivity in an emerging country represents a novelty for the literature. Results suggest that the impact of broadband on productivity is positive although not uniform across regions. On the one hand, it seems to depend on connection quality and network effects. Faster download speed and critical-mass accounting for network externalities in the region enhance the economic impact of broadband. On the other hand, higher productivity gains are estimated for the less developed regions. The fact that the less productive regions in Brazil seem to be benefiting more from broadband may suggest that it can constitute a factor favoring regional convergence in the country.     

Cost Accounting and Performance Measurement in a Just-in-Time Production Environment

There are normative statements in the literature, backed up by case observations and anecdotal evidence, which indicate that manufacturing companies operating just-in-time (JIT) production management systems should also change their cost accounting systems and place greater reliance on non-financial performance indicators. This study provides empirical evidence suggesting that JIT manufacturing companies which have made some degree of modification to their costing system demonstrate higher performance than JIT companies which have not made changes. The results also suggest that greater use of non-financial performance indicators is associated with higher performance irrespective of the production management system adopted.     

The investment opportunity set and disclosure policy choice: Some Malaysian evidence

Recently researchers have shown that certain corporate and accounting policy decisions are related to the firm's portfolio of growth opportunities or its investment opportunity set (ios). This paper augments the research by examining whether the firm's ios is also predictably related to disclosure policy decisions made by the firm. We hypothesize that because agency costs between managers and shareholders are an increasing function of the firm's growth opportunities, managers in high growth firms will be motivated to disclose information about the firm's future prospects in order to commit themselves to particular courses of action and thereby limit their future managerial discretion. Our empirical results indicate that for a sample of 67 Malaysian firms, this is supported only amongst a sample of lower growth firms.The authors are Associate Professor and lecturer, respectively, at the Department of Accountancy, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Correspondence should be addressed to S F Cahan at the above address, e-mail: S.F.Cahan@massey.ac.nz.     

合并高校的基建往来账管理问题解析

当前,许多高校基建财务管理只重视基本建设支出和资金筹集的核算,对基建往来账的重要性认识不足,特别是合并高校的基建往来账,在合并过程中和合并后出现了不少的问题,现就该问题形成的原因及对策加以探析。     

论会计信息失真及对策

通过介绍会计信息失真的种种表现及产生的主要原因，说明会计信息失真的危害性。并提出治理会计信息失真应采取的对策、解决这一问题的根本出路，在于加快进行政治和经济体制全方位配套性的改革，从整体上促进政治、经济、社会协调发展。