共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Massimo Florio 《International Review of Applied Economics》2007,21(1):1-27
This paper looks at price trends as signals for the evaluation of utility reforms. A specific example is considered: electricity prices in four countries, namely France, Germany, Italy and UK. These countries offer a natural experiment in different patterns of public/private ownership and liberalisation of electricity industry. Electricity prices are mainly influenced by the mix of energy inputs, their costs, and by consumption per capita. Under different institutional settings, prices for business users are often more cost‐reflective than prices for residential users. Beyond these common features, the evidence does not support the view that there is clear dominance of one industry pattern in terms of welfare change for the representative consumer. This conclusion tends to question the widely held idea that one specific ‘orthodox’ reform should be preferred: privatisation with liberalisation and vertical disintegration. Utility reforms should be flexible and country‐specific. 相似文献
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Creating competition out of thin air: An experimental study of right-to-choose auctions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents an experimental study of a mechanism that is commonly used to sell multiple heterogeneous goods. The novel feature of this procedure is that instead of selling each good in a separate auction, the seller executes a single auction in which buyers, who may be interested in completely different goods, compete for the right to choose a good. We provide experimental evidence that a Right-to-Choose (RTC) auction can generate more revenue than the theoretically optimal auction. Moreover, in contrast to the “optimal” auction, the RTC auction is approximately efficient in the sense that the surplus it generates is close to the maximal one. Furthermore, a seller who would like to retain some of his goods can generate more revenue with a restricted RTC auction in which not all rights-to-choose are sold, than with the theoretically optimal auction. 相似文献
3.
能源效率方面的问题一直是学术界关注的焦点。本文从电力的角度分析能源效率的差异和收敛。研究发现:我国东部电力利用效率普遍较高,中部其次,西部最低,且西部远低于全国平均水平;在电力利用效率的影响因素分析中,根据面板数据的PCSE估计的结果来看,经济发展水平与电力利用效率正相关,而第二产业产值占GDP比重则与之负相关;地区间经济发展水平缩小会促使电力利用效率差距的缩小,而第二产业产值占GDP比重的标准差缩小则会扩大电力利用效率的差距;只有东部地区存在σ收敛和绝对β收敛,全国、东部、中部和西部均存在条件β收敛,且东部的收敛速度最慢,而西部的收敛速度最快。 相似文献
4.
我国利率变动对股票价格影响效应的实证分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
变动利率通常是各国中央银行最常用的货币政策工具,而利用利率调节股票市场价格也是各国央行经常使用的政策方法。利率变动通过对投资者和上市公司的影响而传导到股票价格。对中国的实证分析表明我国利率变动与股票价格有一定的影响作用,但由于二者之间的传导机制存在问题,所以这种影响的具体效应是不确定的。 相似文献
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研究欧元与美元的汇率走势具有重要的意义.通过欧元兑美元汇率序列来分析研究这两种货币,探析汇率序列过往形成的趋势及特点,并分析其背后的经济原因,同时根据影响汇率的宏观经济因素预测分析欧元对美元的走势. 相似文献
6.
The Test of Economic Literacy (TEL), revised in 1985, is a nationally normed instrument for measuring economic understanding of senior high school students. Walstad and Soper trace its development, validation, and norming and present the findings from the pretest analysis. 相似文献
7.
贾男 《生态经济(学术版)》2007,(6):73-77
中国股市股票价格的波动性过大,引起这种现象的一个重要原因是噪音交易的存在和频繁发生。本文采用事件分析法,随机抽取了上海A股市场的近200种股票作为样本,通过构建正反馈交易的"涨幅组合",对噪音交易者投资的累积异常收益率进行检验。结果表明:股市过度波动与噪音交易频繁有密切的联系;噪音交易者通常要承受巨大的风险,但其投资收益率一般情况下却为负。 相似文献
8.
汇率与股价变动关系:基于汇改后数据的实证研究 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
研究我国2005年7月汇率制度改革后汇率与股市的关系及其传导机制,有助于深刻认识金融市场联动特征,对于防范金融市场风险和完善我国资本市场、外汇市场等的改革具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文实证发现了汇率和股价存在着长期均衡的协整关系;从长期来看,两者关系符合流量导向模型,上证指数受到汇率长期影响,从短期来看,股市和汇市存在着交互影响,汇率变化影响股指变动有时滞。运用滚动窗口的Granger检验和加入其他重要宏观变量的多变量协整检验,本文证明了这种长期关系具有较强的稳健性。进一步从板块指数与汇率的关系来看,房地产、金融、民航、石化、钢铁指数均与汇率存在着长期的协整关系,汇率变化是这些板块指数的Granger原因。最后,本文对实证结果做出分析并指出了相应的政策含义。 相似文献
9.
People mostly pay their taxes although there is a low probability of getting caught and being penalized. Thus, new attempts in the tax compliance literature try to go beyond standard economic theory. This paper examines citizens attitudes toward paying taxes – what is sometimes termed their tax morale, or the intrinsic motivation to pay taxes. Tax morale may be a key determinant to explain why people are honest. However, there are very few papers that explore the concept of tax morale theoretically and empirically. This study, based on the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey, therefore attempts to fill this gap in the literature, focusing on tax morale in Austria. Societal variables such as trust or pride have been identified as key determinants that shape tax morale in Austria. Furthermore, a lower perceived compliance leads to a decrease of tax morale, which indicates that social comparisons are relevant. The results also show a decrease of tax morale between 1990 and 1999, although Austrias taxpayers still have a very high tax morale compared to other European countries. 相似文献
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11.
Alberto Ansuategi 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,26(2):305-328
The existing empirical evidence suggests that environmental Kuznets curvesonly exist for pollutants with semi-local and medium term impacts.Ansuategi and Perrings (2000) have considered the behavioral basis for thecorrelation observed between different spatial incidence of environmentaldegradation and the relation between economic growth and environmentalquality. They show that self-interested planners following a Nash-typestrategy tend to address environmental effects sequentially: addressingthose with the most immediate costs first, and those whose costs aredisplaced in space later. This paper tests such behavioral basis in thecontext of sulphur dioxide emissions in Europe. 相似文献
12.
Bernhard Boockmann 《Constitutional Political Economy》2003,14(4):263-285
In this empirical paper, we look at individual voting behaviour of government delegates to the International Labour Organization (ILO). We distinguish between the instrumental motive for voting, which consists in the chance that one's vote may turn the balance in favour of one's preferred outcome, and non-instrumental motives, such as a desire for good reputation. Empirically, the two can be identified because two alternatives, abstaining and not participating in the vote, do not differ in their instrumental value, but are likely to differ with respect to reputation aspects. The model is estimated by a multinomial logit with country-specific unobserved heterogeneity, using roll-call votes on the final passage of ILO conventions from 1977 to 1995. The hypothesis that voting is only instrumental is clearly rejected by the data. 相似文献
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14.
中国金融安全指数的估算与实证分析:1998-2007 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
随着中国金融市场的不断扩大开放,国家金融安全问题日益突出。当前的国际金融危机再一次警示我们,在金融业发展、开放与创新中,必须高度重视金融安全问题。结合中国实际,选择微观、宏观和国际市场三大类17个金融经济指标,采用主观赋值与主成分分析法确定指标权重,对中国1998-2007年金融安全指数进行估算,并在此基础上,选择影响金融安全的主要风险变量对中国金融安全进行的实证分析发现:银行的违约风险(不良贷款)和国际游资风险构成了中国金融安全的主要威胁;资本市场风险与中国金融安全状况同方向变动;而利率风险、汇率风险、通胀风险对中国金融安全的影响并不显著。 相似文献
15.
Tarek Moustafa Ghalwash 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2008,41(1):71-87
In this paper we estimate the income elasticity of demand for recreational services and other traditional groups of goods in Sweden and test for potential changes in such estimates over the twentieth century. Due to the difficulty of directly observing the demand for recreational services, we employ an indirect methodology by using the demand for some outdoor goods as a proxy for the demand for recreational services. In line with most prior research, our results confirm the expectation that recreational services, as a public good, is a luxury good in Sweden. Our results also show that the income elasticities for traditional goods are stable over time, indicating that consumer preferences for expenditure on these specific commodities do not change over time. 相似文献
16.
中国地区价格的空间相关性及传导差异的因素分析——基于动态空间面板模型的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章基于中国省级数据,借鉴开放经济条件下的新凯恩斯混合Phillips曲线构建空间计量模型,采用动态空间面板模型估计方法,实证考察了中国地区间价格水平的空间相关性,以及影响价格空间传导、促成空间差异的经济社会因素。结果发现,距离相近地区价格的正相关性逐渐增强,中国的国内市场趋于整合;但地方保护和对外开放等因素制约了国内地区间产品和要素的流通,弱化了地区间价格的空间传导,是形成价格地区分化的重要原因;各地区产出缺口差异也是促成地区间价格差异的重要因素。另外,在我国地区价格的动态变化中,国外产出缺口已取代地区产出缺口成为主要驱动因素。 相似文献
17.
脆弱性与贫困:江苏李庄村实证分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人类的脆弱性与人类的贫困相伴生、互为因果。从脆弱性分析入手,可以为农村反贫困提供新的思路。该文以江苏省李庄村为案例,讨论了农户面临的自然风险、市场风险、社会风险和疾病风险,以及农户抵御风险时可以利用的人力资产、物质资产、金融资产和社会资产的主要特征。文章最后从消除脆弱性入手,提出了反贫困的若干对策思路。 相似文献
18.
信息技术与国有商业银行产出率:一种实证分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
关于投资于信息技术是否会提高产出率的研究已有许多.这些研究大多集中产业层面和企业层面,而在企业层面的讨论更多是考察了制造业企业.本文则试图研究国有商业银行信息技术投资对产出率的作用.本文的结论是用于信息技术的投资并没有提高绩效而更多的是出于竞争目的的战略需要,分析的结果同时表明由于信息技术劳动有着巨大的投资回报,因此银行应该从重视信息技术资本投资转向重视信息技术劳动激励. 相似文献
19.
社会保障支出在一定程度上影响着经济和社会的发展。本文依据2000年~2010年新疆社会保障支出的数据,从社会保障财政支出和非社会保障财政支出规模、城乡间社会保障支出、新疆社会保障支出与经济状况、社会保障财政投入、社会保险覆盖面等多角度对新疆社会保障支出水平进行分析。在已有学者推算出的社会保障适度水平计算公式的基础上,计算测度新疆社会保障适度水平的公式参数,检验新疆社会保障适度水平。结果表明,新疆社会保障总支出规模逐年增加,人均社会保障总支出也逐年增加,且增速较快,但目前新疆社会保障支出总体看处于不适度水平,且社会保障支出与经济发展状况不相适应。 相似文献
20.
期货市场与现货市场之间的价格研究--中国农产品市场的经验 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
本文借助于信息共享模型与波动溢出效应模型对我国大豆和小麦的期、现货市场之间的价格发现进行了多层次的实证研究,定量描述了期、现货市场在价格发现中作用的大小,深入刻画了我国农产品期、现货市场之间的动态关系.研究结果显示:大豆期、现货价格之间存在双向引导关系,小麦仅存在期货对现货的单向引导关系;期、现货市场均扮演着重要的价格发现角色,且期货市场在价格发现中处于主导地位;期、现货市场之间均存在双向波动溢出关系,但现货市场来自期货市场的波动溢出效应均强于期货市场来自现货市场的波动溢出效应;并且,随着期货市场的发展,期、现货市场之间的波动溢出程度均呈逐渐增强态势. 相似文献