列宁对社会主义经济建设道路的开创性探索

十月革命胜利后,列宁依据科学社会主义理论,探索了俄国走向社会主义的道路,提出一些很有价值的理论观点,揭示了落后国家建设社会主义的规律.这是列宁留给我们的宝贵理论遗产.今天重新学习和研究列宁在这方面的思想,对于我们深刻领会“十四”大精神,建立符合中国国情的、充满生机和活力的经济体制,实现现代化,具有重要的理论和实践意义. 科学社会主义创始人马克思和恩格斯所设想的社会主义是在当时发达资本主义基础上产生的.他们对未来的社会只能预见一种总的趋势,不可能提出和解决建设社会主义经济     

广东十年改革开放的理论启迪

广东改革开放,走过了十年的历程,总结这十年的实践,能给我们不少理论启迪。广东改革开放十年的实践、给我们第一个理论启迪是:改革开放是为了创新社会主义模式,而不是为了完善传统的社会主义制度要创新,就要对社会主义进行再认识从马克思算起,科学社会主义运动已经经历了一百多年的历史。在这一百多年中,无产阶级革命运动,完成了两个历史他命:马克思和恩格斯完成了第一个历史使命,把空想社会主义变为科学社会主义。这在人类认识史上实现了一次划时代的飞跃。列宁、斯大林、毛泽     

试论列宁关于社会主义文学创作规律的理论

早在19世纪,马克思和恩格斯就考虑和论述了社会主义文学创作的有关问题,但由于马克思和恩格斯没有参加过社会主义革命和建设的实践,因而尽管他们提出过一些社会主义以至共产主义文学艺术创作的设想,却毕竟不可能发现和揭示社会主义文学的创作规律。列宁亲自领导和参加了在世界上建立第一个社会主义国家的革命斗争,使他有可能在总结革命斗争经验的同时,继承和发展马克思和恩格斯的文艺思想,探索和揭示社会主义文学的创作规律。列宁关于社会主义文学创作规律的理论,内容十分丰富。研究它,对于探索我国社会主     

“科学社会主义的入门”-读《社会主义从空想到科学的发展》

科学社会主义是马克思、恩格斯合作、共同创立的理论成果，从1844年在巴黎会晤开始，他们共同或独自地写成了一系列重要著作。针对杜林对马克思主义的全面攻击，1876年5月至1878年7月，恩格斯写出了《反杜林论》，对杜林进行了系统的批判，《社会主义从空想到科学的发展》是其中单独出版的几个章节。这本小册子系统阐述了科学社会主义的思想来源、理论基础和基本原理，完整地论述了社会主义如何从空想发展为科学的问题，是科学社会主义的重要代表作，被马克思称为“科学社会主义的人门”，列宁称为“每个觉悟工人必读的书籍”。     

马克思的剩余劳动理论在社会主义经济中的实际意义

<正> 发现剩余劳动,创立剩余价值学说是马克思的伟大历史功绩。恩格斯说:“这个问题的解决是马克思著作的划时代的功绩。它使社会主义者早先象资产阶级经济学者一样在深沉的黑暗中探索的经济领域,得到了明亮的阳光的照耀。科学的社会主义就是从此开始,以此为中心发展起来的。”列宁也指出,剩余价值学说是马克思经济理论的基石。但马克思主义经济理论和科学社会主义的这一伟大原理,在过去的几十年中,却没有受到社会主义政治经济学的应有重视,从而在某种程度上陷入主观主义,使社会主义经济理论和经济实践受到某些不应有的损失。在纪念马克思逝世一百周年的时候,认真地学习这个问题,对保证经济建设更好地沿着科学社会主义的道路前进很有意义。     

市场社会主义含义演进研究

基于马克思和恩格斯原著的理解,马克思主义政治经济学长期被解释为社会主义与市场经济互不相容。社会主义条件下不存在商品货币关系的观点在长期支配科学社会主义理论与实践的同时,不断受到来自各方面的挑战,从而诞生了市场社会主义理论和实践。但对于市场社会主义的概念,经济学家并无统一的认识和界定。市场社会主义是随着时代和实践的发展而不断深化和发展的,社会主义的价值与目标是分配平等、社会公正、自主自由、充分就业,而市场能够使经济效率最优化。因此,市场社会主义就是社会主义与市场机制相结合,运用市场实现社会主义的目的。     

大转变中的苏联社会主义价值观

社会主义价值观的转变,是当今世界社会主义改革大潮流中最引人注目的变化。如果我们把马克思和恩格斯的科学社会主义的创立称之为社会主义认识史上的第一次飞跃(即从空想到科学的飞跃),把列宁领导的十月革命的胜利称作社会主义认识史上的第二次飞跃(即从理论到实践的飞跃)的话,那末,发生于当今的、以中国的“社会主义初级阶段”论和苏联的“发展中社会主义”论为代表的、几乎遍及所有社会主义国家的世界性社会主义价值观     

邓小平适度发展私营经济的思想探源

邓小平私营经济思想的形成有其重要的理论和实践渊源.中国古代思想家的智慧以及马克思、列宁和毛泽东创造和发展科学社会主义过程中对私营经济思想提供的理论支持构成了邓小平私营经济思想的理论渊源;改革开放以来中国特色社会主义建设实践构成了邓小平私营经济思想的实践渊源.     

论商品生产与计划经济的统一

一、为什么要研究商品生产与计划经济的关系我国在公有制基础上实行计划经济,同时,大力发展社会主义的商品生产,二者是统一的,它的理论根据是什么?关于这个问题,马克思主义的经典著作,没有现成的答案。马克思和恩格斯根据生产力和生产关系发展的必然趋势,设想社会主义社会将实行产品生产的计划经济。列宁总结     

建立农民土地持有产权制度探索——马恩“丹麦模式”对于建设社会主义新农村的启示

一、马克思土地股份产权理论及其现实意义 马克思、恩格斯在创立科学社会主义三大科学理论的过程中,十分重视财产权利与土地产权的理论研究,指出所有制是一个事实…     

Health, Wealth, Fertility, Education, and Inequality

The authors use a new cross-country dataset to estimate the strength of the links between different dimensions of social and economic development, including indicators of health, fertility, and education, as well as material wellbeing. This differs from previous studies in employing data for different income groups in each country in order to provide direct evidence on factors driving inequality, and in using a unique measure of material wellbeing that does not rely on PPP comparisons.     

IPR,Trade, FDI,and Technology Transfer

In this survey, we discuss how intellectual property rights （IPR） protection in the South affects trade flows, foreign direct investment （FDI） flows, and technology transfers from the North to the South. We also discuss optimal IPR policies and their effect on innovation. Our discussion covers both theoretical studies and empirical evidence. This survey is both comprehensive and critical. It aims to give readers the current state of IPR and globalization literature. Some issues have been studied more thoroughly, whereas for others the surface has only been scratched upon. This survey gives readers a clearer picture of the literature and may help them find future research topics.     

Trade,Remittances, Institutions,and Economic Growth

This paper empirically investigates the role of trade, remittances, and institutions in economic development in a large sample of developing countries using recently developed instruments for all these variables. Both cross-country (over 30 years) and dynamic panel data (over 5-year periods) regressions of growth rates on instrumented trade, remittances, and institutions provide evidence of a significant impact of trade, institutions, and remittances on growth. While institutions foster growth, remittances hamper it. The effect of trade on growth is positive in cross-sectional regressions but ambiguous in dynamic panel data regressions. These results are indicative of a more important role for trade in explaining growth in the very long run compared with over shorter horizons.     

Country terms of trade: trends,unit roots,over-differencing,endogeneity, time dummies,and heterogeneity

The debate about the Prebisch-Singer thesis has focused on primary commodities with some extensions to manufactures. We analyse trends in country terms-of-trade for goods and services rather than those for commodities according to the World Bank income classification. We find that the natural logarithm of the terms of trade for all groups except for the poorest has common unit roots, but none has individual unit roots. As low-income countries have no unit roots over-differencing is inefficient and biases significance levels in first differences against the fall in the terms of trade. For the low-income countries the terms of trade of goods and services are falling at a rate that is significantly negative without and with endogeneity treatment by system GMM. A comprehensive analysis of the effects of time dummies supports the result of falling terms of trade for low-income countries. When all coefficients are country-specific 50% of all low-income countries have falling terms of trade in a simultaneous equation estimation using the SUR method. Food and financial crisis have no effect on the number of countries with falling terms of trade, but (dis-)improve the terms of trade or the significance of the results for a very small number of countries.     

Modinomics: Design,Implementation, Outcomes,and Prospects

This paper presents an analysis of the key elements of Modinomics, defined as “everyone's participation, everyone's progress.” It investigates the reasons why Modinomics was necessary, the key elements of Modinomics, and how this policy was implemented. It argues that India's economic policy has had continuity since the economic reform package of 1991, so Modinomics has involved a high component of better implementation. Nevertheless, there have been some major policy changes as well. The paper discusses the deep structural reforms of demonetization and a Goods and Services Tax as well the new Insolvency and Bankruptcy Act. The paper examines the record of economic growth under Modi as well as new welfare and employment programs to make economic growth more inclusive. Finally, the paper examines the medium and long‐term growth prospects for India.     

Excise taxes,over-shifting,cross-elasticity,and tax revenue

This article examines cross-elasticity effects in excise taxation for markets characterized by monopolistic competition and over-shifting. Extending the constant elasticity demand model to consider cross-elasticity leads to notably different results regarding tax revenue maximization. With nonzero but weak cross-elasticity effects relative to the price elasticity, we derive a higher optimal tax-price ratio compared to prior research. With strong cross-elasticity, revenue can continually be increased by raising the excise tax. Overall, the study offers government greater incentive to use excise taxes to obtain revenue.     

Basic income,liberal neutrality,socialism, and work

Liberal critics often object to basic income (BI) on the grounds that it violates reciprocity and is biased toward those who choose voluntarily to opt out of work and thus violate the principle of liberal neutrality toward conceptions of the good life. In the first part of this paper I argue that liberal neutrality favors BI. Marxist critics of BI are less likely to accept liberal neutrality, but I argue in the second part that the argument for BI in the first part applies with equal force to Marxist objections that BI is unfairly exploitative of workers. Marxists are also less likely to accept current labor market trends, seeing socialism as affording more opportunity for guaranteeing everyone a right to decent work, and suspecting BI of making the unfair inequalities of capitalism a little more palatable while diverting attention from a more equitable socialist alternative. I argue that BI is not incompatible with socialism or Marxism, and should not be opposed to but rather combined with strategies for full employment.