Export Credit Guarantees and Export Performance: Evidence from Austrian Firm‐level Data

This paper provides an economic assessment of export credit guarantee commitments by the Austrian export credit agency, using firm‐level data on a cross‐section of Austrian exporting firms for the year 2008. In a first step, we explore various determinants of export guarantee usage. Results suggest that firm size, being part of a multinational enterprise, exposure to revenue risk and R&D intensity are important factors. In a second step, we investigate the effects of export guarantees on export performance. Identification is achieved using as instruments the exogenous determinants of export guarantee usage identified in the first step. We find that there are economically and statistically significant effects of export credit guarantee usage on firm‐specific export performance ranging from some 80 to 100 per cent compared with the control group of non‐users.     

Public Export Credit Guarantees and Foreign Trade Structure: Evidence from Austria

Foreign trade is usually not based on cash transactions, but rather sales on credit are the rule. The resulting monitoring costs for lenders and the risk of default on accounts receivable are part of the costs associated with cross‐border goods transactions. Relative to domestic trade credit, cross‐border credit creates trade barriers due to differences in language, business practice, jurisdiction and payment enforceability between trading partners. Export credit insurance has long been a domain of public export credit agencies. Only since the early 1980s private insurance is gaining ground. Using disaggregated panel data for goods exports from Austria over the period 1996 to 2002, we show that public export credit guarantees have a less than proportional positive effect on international trade volume. They predominantly affect the country structure of foreign trade but leave the industry specialisation almost unchanged.     

出口信用风险的实证分析与防范

随着全球化趋势的进一步发展和我国对外开放的不断深化,我国进出口贸易额增长迅速.与此同时,出口中存在的信用风险问题也越来越突出.本文从影响出口信用风险的因素分析入手,重点以商业风险为主,结合我国不同领域具有代表性的三个企业进行实证研究,从而有针对性地对我国出口贸易在信用风险领域所存在的问题提出一系列对策和建议.     

Extra Credit: Bank Finance and Firm Export Status in Germany

This paper estimates the exporter premium in bank lending. We examine credit relationships in Germany, covering all loans of more than 1.5 million euro over the period from 2005 to 2010. Having controlled for a wide range of other firm and bank characteristics, our results indicate that exporting firms take out loans around 15 per cent larger than those of non‐exporters.     

Export Performance of SMEs: An Empirical Analysis of the Mediating Role of Corporate Image

The objective of this research is to analyze empirically the role played by corporate image and core competitive of manufacturing SMEs on export performance. The results show the positive effect of competitive core on export performance, as well as the mediator effect of corporate image on internal management development to outward. The research model also incorporates the relational capital to analyze its effect on export performance, highlighting the importance of this aspect to grow and compete in the international area of manufacturing SMEs. Therefore, managers should focus on design and managing proper their corporate image, also in order to compete and grow in the international area.     

中小企业信用担保立法的比较考察

本文从完善中小企业信用担保立法角度出发,通过与世界各国中小企业信用担保法律制度进行比较研究,审视我国现有中小企业信用担保立法存在的问题和缺陷,提出我国中小企业信用担保要健康、有序地发展,健全、完善立法是关键。     

技术创新、贸易竞争优势与出口绩效的实证研究——以山东省为例

本文以山东省为例对技术创新与贸易竞争优势的产业分布与动态变迁进行实证研究,在此基础上使用出口绩效的不变弹性函数来分析技术创新对出口绩效改善的贡献。分析结果表明,技术创新的产业分布与贸易竞争优势基本吻合,滞后一期的技术创新与出口绩效显著正相关。与纺织、食品、家具等传统出口部门相比,汽车、化工等出口需求缺乏弹性的产业部门中较高的研发支出促进了产品品质的改善与新产品的创造,有效提升了产品的差异化竞争优势,改善了贸易条件与出口绩效。尽管如此,制成品出口的技术结构并未显著提高,垂直专业化分工与垂直产业内贸易仍是资本技术密集型产业参与国际分工与贸易的主要形式。     

中小企业多角化与绩效关系实证研究

企业多角化和绩效之间的关系是战略管理研究的中心之一。本文以多角化企业的范围经济优势和内部交易成本为理论起点,结合我国制度环境特征,检验了我国中小企业多角化与绩效的关系。实证分析结果证实了二者之间存在“∩”型关系,即一定程度内的多角化能促进企业绩效,超过一定程度,企业绩效将随多角化程度的增加而显著降低。     

什么影响了服务出口复杂度——基于全球112个经济体的实证研究

本文借鉴国内外学术界目前普遍采用的测度服务出口复杂度的新方法,测算了全球112个经济体2000-2011年的服务出口复杂度,并据此利用跨国面板数据对影响服务出口复杂度的可能关键因素进行实证分析。结果发现:(1)人力资本、服务贸易开放度、利用外资额、人均GDP水平、基础设施以及制度质量等,均对服务出口复杂度具有显著正向影响,而货物出口规模则产生了显著负向影响;(2)服务业发展规模以及人口规模变量对发展中经济体服务出口复杂度不具备显著正向影响,但对发达经济体却具有显著正向影响;(3)FDI对发展中经济体服务出口复杂度具有显著正向影响,而对发达经济体则不具备显著影响;(4)制度质量对发达经济体服务出口复杂度影响的程度及其显著性,均超过了对发展中经济体的影响。与现有关于制成品出口技术复杂度影响因素的研究相比,本文不仅补充分析了影响服务出口复杂度的关键因素,并且识别了同种因素对"两类"出口可能产生的不同影响。研究所得结论对于中国服务出口实现"量质齐升"的战略目标具有重要政策意涵。     

影响企业出口绩效的主要因素实证研究

影响企业出口绩效的主要有出口国环境因素、战略因素和营销因素,就重庆市企业而言,影响因素依次为出口国的政治经济环境、贸易壁垒、出口国的文化地理因素、产品价格差异战略、分销因素、出口目的、广告促销因素、产品因素、价格因素及促销差异战略.为此,重庆市企业应实施科学的国际营销策略,变被动接订单为主动出击,扩大企业规模,建立战略联盟,充分利用网络,积极开拓国际市场.     

我国农药出口结构与竞争力的实证分析

入世后我国农药出口已进入新的发展阶段。本文系统分析了农药出口产品结构、地区结构、市场结构和企业结构的变动,并利用显示比较优势指数(RCA)、国际市场份额、市场渗透率及贸易竞争指数(NTB)等评价了我国农药出口的比较优势和竞争优势。实证分析显示,我国农药出口竞争优势很强,且提升速度较快。比较来看,农药出口的比较优势处于中等水平,且在加入世贸组织后提升不明显。     

产品多元化与企业出口绩效的实证研究——对广东浙江两地上市公司的对比分析

文章利用2005-2007年间广东省和浙江省109家制造型上市公司的数据.对企业国内市场产品多元化程度与出口绩效之间的关系进行了实证研究.结果发现.产品多元化程度越高,出口绩效均表现越差;产品的相关多元化对出口绩效均存在显著的积极影响:广东省和浙江省样本企业存在出口绩效差异,但在产品多元化方面没有显著差异.     

中国高技术产品贸易出口竞争力的实证分析

自1999年我国实施科技兴贸战略以来,我国高技术产品出口快速增长,已成为推动我国外贸出口的重要动力。但我国高技术产品出口仍存在不少问题,如自主创新少,本土企业高技术产品出口规模小等。针对这一现象,文章基于1991～2008年的数据,首先利用出口市场占有率、贸易竞争优势指数和显示性比较优势指数实证分析我国高技术产品出口竞争力的现状,然后基于钻石模型着重探索我国高技术产品出口竞争力的影响因素。并给出提高我国高技术产品出口竞争力的对策和建议。     

影响中国医疗器械出口贸易因素的实证分析

医疗行业是保障国家民生发展以及为经济贸易事业注入新活力的重要因素。随着国家医疗行业以及医药企业的发展,医疗器械应用受到越来越多的关注。2020年突如其来的新冠病毒疫情,更是凸显了医疗器械在防护和治疗的重要性。在全球化背景下,我国医疗器械产业的发展是机遇与挑战并存。选取2000—2017年的相关数据,对我国医疗器械对外贸易现状以及出口贸易的影响因素进行探究。根据分析结果对促进我国医疗器械产业的稳步发展提出应对措施,以规避出口贸易中可能存在的风险。     

出口与劳动力市场“错配”——江苏制造业的证据

文章把异于传统劳动力市场、在中国最典型的高技能劳动过剩与低技能劳动短缺现象称为中国式劳动力市场错配,认为全球分工体系中发展中国家与发达国家以产品贸易表现的就业互换是导致发展中国家劳动力市场出现错配的重要原因。采用企业层面微观数据进行的实证分析表明,企业销售额中用于出口的比重、出口到发达国家的比重越大,企业对技能员工的需求和雇佣就越少。此实证结果可能说明,中国式劳动力市场错配是由过度参与全球分工体系导致的,过度贸易自由化导致劳动力市场困境。但这并非简单意味减少企业国际贸易、拓展国内市场就可以有效增加技能员工需求、解决高校毕业生就业难问题,促进经济发展方式由供给推动向需求拉动转变,促使企业更多以消费者需求为导向才是治本之策。     

出口和生产率:基于异质性企业的实证研究综述

新新贸易理论框架下异质性企业出口和生产率的关系可以用两种假说来概括——"自我选择出口"和"出口导致增长"。文章回顾了十多年来学者们用各个国家的企业数据对这两种假说的验证,对比和评析了相关的研究方法、研究结论、实证结果的原因等,对我国出口企业"生产率悖论"的原因进行总结与探讨,并提出了未来的研究思路与方向。     

Determinants of Export Performance: An Institutional Approach

This study evaluates the impact of institutional factors and innovation on the export performance of firms, from the assumption that the basic institutional framework of a country affects the export performance of firms through three transmission mechanisms: innovation, modes of entry to foreign markets, and network. The study comprises a qualitative, multicase study of five firms in the metalworking industry in the state of Santa Catarina (southern Brazil). The results of the study show the limitations of the institutional framework of the country of origin, particularly in terms of stimulating innovation in firms. On the other hand, the study points to strong evidence of the role of networking as a critical factor in determining the performance of innovation activities and export performance. Specifically, the findings highlight foreign-established networks, especially in regard to customers to drive innovation, and distributors to expand participation in markets. Finally, in terms of the effect of the institutional framework on the selection of internationalization strategies, for the cases studied, the findings suggest that the institutional frameworks of destination countries seem to exert greater influence than do the institutions of the country of origin.     

技术创新促进中国出口贸易的实证研究

中国高速发展的出口贸易正面临国内国际双重压力,转变出口增长方式是中国出口贸易持续发展的必然选择。以中国各地区为样本的研究表明,在劳动密集型产业仍然处于显著出口优势而资本密集产业仍然处于出口劣势地位的基本格局下,技术创新因素对出口贸易的影响已经显示出积极作用,技术创新已经成为中国出口优势的重要来源。随着中国经济与外贸的迅速发展,技术创新将成为中国今后转变外贸增长方式的重要力量。     

我国粮食出口结构与国际竞争力的实证分析

本文在系统分析了我国粮食出口的规模和结构的基础上,运用实证研究方法对我国粮食的国际竞争力进行了评价。研究结果表明:目前我国粮食对国际市场依赖性不强,且多数年份保持净出口,但竞争力在波动中呈现出下降的趋势,出口结构也不尽合理,需采用一揽子的政策鼓励粮食生产。     

Market Orientation and Firm Performance: An Empirical Analysis of Ghanaian Microenterprises

ABSTRACT

While previous researchers have explored the relationship between market orientation and firm performance in larger organizations, such studies in microenterprises are scarce. This empirical study uses a structural equation model to examine the role of market orientation on firm performance of microenterprises operating in Ghana. To measure market orientation, we used a well-known scale (MARKOR), and the data (N = 347) for this study were collected from Ghanaian microenterprises using personal interviews. Study results indicated that the MARKOR scale provided a good measure of market orientation in Ghanaian microenterprises. The conceptualized model provided a good fit to the relationship between market orientation and the performance of Ghanaian microenterprises, indicating that market orientation as measured by MARKOR had a statistically significant positive impact on performance. However, the explanatory power of the model was relatively low, indicating the potential impact of other factors that were not incorporated in the model. Study implications are discussed.