国有企业党委参与重大问题决策的构成要素与机制研究

参与企业重大问题决策是国有企业党委的重要职责,也是加快国有企业改革、保障企业又好又快发展的现实需要。科学完善的决策机制构建是国有企业党委参与重大决策的核心,是保证国有企业党委参与重大问题决策有效性的必然要求。文章分析了国有企业党委参与重大问题决策机制的构成要素,构建了由动力机制、运行机制、保障机制组成的新时期国有企业党委参与重大问题决策机制。其中,动力机制包括权力制衡机制和激励机制;运行机制包括领导机制、信息交流机制以及工作机制;保障机制包括学习培训机制和评价反馈机制。     

非竞选政治中的决策问责:意义、困境与对策

决策是政府管理活动的关键环节,也是容易出问题并难以追究责任的环节。在我国非竞争性选举的政治生态下,政府决策失误的严重后果和沉重代价亟待对决策失误进行责任追究,如何建立决策问责和纠错制度对于完善我国政治体制具有重要的意义。然而,现实政治生活中我国集体决策体制在决策结构、决策方式和决策机制方面的弊端却造成了决策责任认定与追究的困难。为此,应该以理顺决策权力关系为前提、以明确决策责任划分为基础、以完善决策问责机制为根本,通过三者之间的有机结合构建起一套完整的决策问责体系。     

OECD规制影响评价制度及其对中国重大科技决策评价制度之启示——兼论《科技进步法》第十三条

重大科技决策评价制度在保障重大科技决策的科学性、民主性方面发挥着关键作用，然而我国现行《科技进步法》第十三条对重大科技决策评价的相关规定过于抽象和单薄，有必要加以完善。在行政行为类型化理论中，科技决策作为一项具体行政行为是规制的一种表现形式。通过对规制影响评价制度的确立背景、运作流程及成效进行分析发现，规制影响评价在OECD成员国中已经取得明显实效并得到广泛认可。同时，我国重大科技决策评价制度在现有法律规定上至少存在如下三方面不足：尚未构建完整的事前事后评价机制；现有重大科技决策咨询制度可操作性不强；现有相关制度保障尚不健全。因此，从完善我国重大科技决策评价制度角度出发，提出如下3点建议：在现有事前评价的基础上增加事后评价机制；从整体上完善重大科技决策评价法律保障；细化重大科技决策评价所需的程序性规范。     

国有企业党委参与重大决策的共性经验——基于扎根理论的探索性研究

文章选取中航工业成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司等5家不同行业的国有企业为例,进行单案例与多案例结合的扎根分析。分析结果表明:充分明确企业对党委参与决策的必要性、科学定位党委参与重大问题决策过程中职责与功能、构建有效的参与决策机制是当前条件下国有企业党委有效参与重大决策共性成功经验。     

政府在促进地方经济发展中的决策机制探索——兼论安徽乡(镇)政府决策机制的现实特点及运行条件

建立公众参与、专家论证和政府决策相结合的科学民主决策机制对我国社会、经济的发展影响深远,意义重大.文章探讨了我国地方政府现行决策机制的现实特点,并对安徽乡镇政府决策情况进行了实际调研分析,阐述了我国地方政府决策实现科学化民主化的运行条件.     

重大决策社会稳定风险评估研究综述

重大决策社会稳定风险评估作为一个新生事物,得到了理论界的广泛关注。综述研究发现,现有成果主要在评估主体、评估内容、评估流程和方法、评估体制机制等方面存在争议,完善重大决策社会稳定风险评估的政策建议主要从战略决策、体制机制法制和实际操作三个层面提出。     

信息技术与组织决策成本

随着信息技术的飞速发展及其在企业中的广泛应用,信息的收集、处理和传送的成本大幅度下降,信息技术在组织决策机制中发挥着越来越重要的作用。文章提出组织决策成本包括决策信息成本和决策代理成本,通过分析信息技术对组织决策成本的影响,为企业在信息时代构建低成本的决策机制提供了一些有益的建议和对策。     

论政府决策制度的完善

政府部门的决策对于社会及公众的影响是重大且深远的。要建立及完善我国的行政决策制度,首先必须建立及完 善政府行政决策的责任机制、监督机制、法律机制和技术机制。四个机制中,责任机制是关键,监督机制是核心,法律机制是保 障,技术机制是补充。     

国有商业银行科学贷款决策体系的研究

国有商业银行科学贷款决策体系的研究山东省城市金融学会课题组从现实看，如何建立相互制约、责任明确、决策科学的贷款决策机制，仍是国有商业银行远未解决的一个课题。本课题将在分析国有商业银行现行贷款决策机制的基础上，对我国国有商业银行科学的贷款决策体系的基本...     

我国现代管理中决策体制的反思及对策研究

文章通过对我国现行决策体制的反思 ,指出信息条件未得到充分利用、智囊系统的作用被限制、领导层的最终决策缺乏制约机制是我国决策体制中存在的主要问题 ,并提出了提高决策者素质、加强决策制度化建设的对策。     

股权众筹投资者决策行为影响因素研究

股权众筹可以有效解决初创企业融资难的问题,具有巨大的发展潜力。研究股权众筹投资者的决策行为,对企业有效发布项目信息、传递有利信号、提高融资绩效具有重要意义,目前国内该领域研究较为缺乏。基于信号传递理论,从不确定性角度研究投资者行为影响因素。通过搜集众筹网上股权类项目融资面板数据,利用混合OLS模型进行分析,发现我国股权众筹市场存在羊群行为,投资者倾向于投资已经获得大量投资的项目,领投人、产品状态成熟及团队人数较多可以降低投资者感知不确定性,有利于吸引投资,而出让股份多会增加项目不确定性,降低投资者投资意愿。     

Comparing group and individual decision-making in risky environments

This dissertation completes salient group and individual experiments in two environments that differ as to whether or not an evaluative criterion exists to judge subject performance. The first environment is lottery-choice. No such criterion exists in a lottery-choice environment. Subjects base their decisions on their preference for risk. A lottery-choice experiment consists of a menu of paired lottery choices structured so that the crossover point to the high-risk lottery can be used to infer the degree of risk aversion. The results show a significant interaction exists between subject composition and lottery winning-percentage. Groups are more likely than individuals to choose the “safe” lottery in the lowest winning-percentages, but less likely to choose the “safe” lottery in the highest winning-percentages. This effect is also present in the sequenced experiment. Further, the sequenced experiment shows that group discussion results in a significant increase in the group’s risk aversion from the average risk preference of its members. Finally, the sequenced experiment shows making a decision in the group phase has an immediate impact on subsequent individual decisions compared to the subject’s initial decisions. The second environment is resource allocation. A resource allocation experiment consists of subjects making repeated decisions of how to divide an endowment into two assets, one of which the payoff is unknown. An evaluative criterion to the resource allocation problem exists, as there is a specific allocation that maximizes payoffs. However, subjects must learn the solution through search. Experimental results show: 1) group performance in the resource allocation experiment is not significantly different than individuals; 2) the predictions from a local search model are more consistent with group decisions than the predictions from a global search model; and 3) group risk preferences elicited through a separate lottery-choice experiment are not indicative of their performance in the resource allocation experiment. Ph.D. Dissertation, Completed at Indiana University, Bloomington Dissertation Committee: Chair–Professor Arlington W. Williams, Indiana University, Bloomington Assistant Professor Hugh Kelley, Indiana University, Bloomington Associate Professor Susan K. Laury, Georgia State University Professor James M. Walker, Indiana University, Bloomington     

The influence of perceived uncertainty on entrepreneurial action in the transition to a low-emission energy infrastructure: The case of biomass combustion in The Netherlands

The transition towards renewable energy production will not occur without the involvement of entrepreneurs who dare to take action amidst uncertainty. In an earlier article, a conceptual model was introduced for analyzing how perceived uncertainties influence the decisions and actions of entrepreneurs involved in innovation projects that aimed at developing and implementing renewable energy technologies. In this article, the conceptual model is applied to stand-alone biomass combustion projects in the Netherlands. Although none of the biomass combustion projects has been abandoned, some entrepreneurs clearly have more difficulty to turn their project into a success than others. To create insight into the underlying dynamics of these projects, the article analyzes what types of positive or negative interaction patterns occur over time between (internal or external) factors in the project environment, perceived uncertainties, motivation and entrepreneurial action and how these patterns can be stimulated or prevented. The results provide several lessons to take into account when designing policies for stimulating the development and implementation of biomass combustion.     

Multiple Criteria Decision Making: A Case Study of the Columbia River Salmon Recovery Plan

A common problem faced by decision makers is choosing the best alternative from among many. Traditionally, such decisions in the public arena were made using benefit-cost analysis, which involves the conversion of all costs and benefits associated with a project into monetary terms. But public projects often have a variety of economic, ecological, social and political objectives, many of which cannot or perhaps should not be converted to monetary terms. In such projects decisions must be made based on multiple, even conflicting objectives. Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are widely used for such decisions. However, a common disadvantage among many such methods available in the literature is that they require input from a real decision maker. This paper presents the development and application of an expert system based on fuzzy set theory and IF-THEN rules. The system mimics a real decision maker. Along with two conventional MCDM methods the developed expert system was applied on a data set from the Columbia River Basin salmon recovery plan to assess its potential usefulness as a decision-making tool for natural resource projects. The results suggest that the fuzzy expert system is easy to develop and makes better decisions than the other two conventional MCDM methods used.     

Will Markets Direct Investments Under the Kyoto Protocol? Lessons from the Activities Implemented Jointly Pilots

Under the Kyoto Protocol, countries can meet treaty obligations by investing in projects that reduce or sequester greenhouse gases elsewhere. Prior to ratification, treaty participants agreed to launch country-based pilot projects, referred to collectively as Activities Implemented Jointly (AIJ), to test novel aspects of the project-related provisions. Relying on a ten-year history of projects, we investigate the determinants of AIJ investment. Our findings suggest that review-agency preferences related to national political objectives and possibly deeper cultural ties influenced project selection and limited the number of AIJ projects. Bilateral ties also appear to have affected investment decisions directly, possibly because of related transaction costs. The results suggest an investment process different from the assumptions that underlie well-known estimates of cost-savings related to the Protocol’s flexibility mechanisms. We conclude that if approaches developed under the AIJ programs to approve projects are retained, the scale of investment under Kyoto’s flexibility provisions and their cost-savings will be less than what is generally anticipated and the pattern of investment less driven by abatement costs.      

基于实物期权的企业信息化多项目投资决策研究

企业投资信息化项目不同于一般的项目,信息化项目具有高度的不确定性、收益的无形性和延迟性等特点,传统的投资决策评价方法面对不确定性很高的信息化项目无法作出科学的判断,无法赋予投资者更多的灵活性。由于企业信息化项目投资及其产生的效益的不确定性具有许多实物期权的特点,因此,将运用实物期权方法来解决企业信息化多项目投资决策风险控制问题。     

Economic impact assessment of mega infrastructure pipeline projects

The economic development features for the decades after the Second World War provide evidence that investments to new infrastructures are a key driver in strengthening the national economy and enhancing nation’s productivity, as it creates economic benefits and additional income. However, the decision for fund allocation and investments in mega infrastructure pipeline projects often must be made in conditions that are much more fraught with uncertainty. The key question in such decisions is if the economic impact caused by the new project could be able to essentially boost the economy by creating new jobs and generating new income on one hand; and which are the business sectors expected to archive the benefits of this investment. This article deals with the estimation of the mega infrastructure pipeline project economic effects in economy. The methodological framework is based on input–output approach providing quantitative estimations about the economic impact of the project in terms of new income and jobs. The numerical application deals with the assessment of a cross-border crude oil pipeline project, connecting the ports of Burgas (Bulgaria) and Alexandroupolis (Greece), establishing a new transportation corridor for the crude oil from Black Sea to Southeast Mediterranean.     

Estimating the economic benefits of acidic rock drainage clean up using cost shares

This paper reports the results of a stated preference study that estimates the economic value for cleaning up acid rock drainage in Colorado's Snake River watershed. In contrast to much of the existing literature, the present study emphasizes benefit estimation for three implementing projects rather than benefit estimation for general changes in water quality or large scale water quality policy. The focus on implementing projects delivers information that is specifically relevant to current decisions being faced in the watershed. While valuation questions in most stated preference studies present costs that have no relation to actual project costs, this study presents a new cost share approach. Project costs are estimated and then valuation questions present different local cost shares to subjects. This approach facilitates stated cost variation necessary for estimating the mean of the distribution of project values without resorting to experimentally designed, fictitious stated costs. In addition to estimating the mean value, which facilitates benefit cost analysis, the study also provides median value estimates, which provide insights into the political feasibility of these projects. Study results suggest that local cost shares on the order of 20%-40%, depending on the project, are politically feasible.     

Producing drama: a comparison of film tax incentives to alternative uses

Incentive packages are popular tools for economic development. However, development projects are often considered in isolation without an analysis of opportunity costs. In this study, we use an intuitive framework for comparing projects and weigh alternate projects against North Carolina’s film incentive programme. The results indicate that there are substantial differences in the economic impact of the projects we consider in this study. Our results suggest that policy decisions by governments and economic development officials should weigh a potential project against alternative uses in order to optimize the use of incentives.     

基于云模型的基础设施项目可持续性评价

基础设施项目可持续性评价是基础设施项目决策的重要组成部分。在文献研究的基础上,构建了城镇基础设施项目可持续性评价指标体系。在评价过程中,针对基础设施项目可持续性表现出的随机性和模糊性等特点和评价过程中决策者可能存在的属性状态偏好,引入云模型描述基础设施项目可持续性的各属性,实现了基础设施项目可持续性的不确定性度量,并通过惩罚因子对属性值进行修正,提出了基于云模型的基础设施项目可持续性评价方法。