The Money Trail: Ranking Donor Transparency in Foreign Aid

Transparency of aid activity is being recognized to be one of the key areas whereby aid effectiveness can be improved. In this paper, we propose an index to measure and rank donors on the transparency of their aid activities. The Transparency Index rates 31 bilateral and multilateral donor agencies on six measures of transparency. We find that being a member of the IATI is a powerful signal of a donor being more transparent across most other dimensions as well. We find no relationship between transparency and donor aid volumes. Overall IDA and Australia are identified as the most transparent donors, while Korea and IDB Special Fund are the least transparent.     

Rhetoric versus Reality: The Best and Worst of Aid Agency Practices

Foreign aid critics, supporters, recipients, and donors have produced eloquent rhetoric on the need for better aid practices—has this translated into reality? This paper attempts to monitor the best and worst of aid practices among bilateral, multilateral, and UN agencies. We create aid practice measures based on aid transparency, specialization, selectivity, ineffective aid channels, and overhead costs. We rate donor agencies from best to worst on aid practices. We find that the UK does well among bilateral agencies, the US is below average, and Scandinavian donors do surprisingly poorly. The biggest difference is between the UN agencies, who mostly rank in the bottom half of donors, and everyone else. Average performance of all agencies on transparency, fragmentation, and selectivity is still very poor. The paper also assesses trends in best practices over time—we find modest improvement in transparency and more in moving away from ineffective channels. However, we find no evidence of improvements (and partial evidence of worsening) in specialization, fragmentation, and selectivity, despite escalating rhetoric to the contrary.     

财政支持经济发展方式转变的领域和途径分析

经济发展方式包括发展的动力、结构、质量、效率、就业、分配、消费、生态和环境等因素,财政收支政策的走向和调节力度对生产要素的投入数量、结构和报酬状况有着极为重要的影响。文章认为,应针对财政政策作用于经济发展方式转变的主要领域,选择财政政策介入的着力点和有效形式,通过优化财政收支结构、灵活运用财政激励约束手段和科学运用财政转移支付等方式,合理配置财政资源,逐步建立健全有利于科学发展的财政政策。     

京津地区金融协调与发展

随着经济的发展 ,金融业的主导作用日益凸现 ,各城市各地区之间的竞争尤其是金融业的竞争不断加剧。京津两大相邻城市也各自提出了构建金融中心的设想。本文从分析京津两地的金融业发展现状和潜力入手 ,提出整合京津两地金融资源 ,找准各自定位 ,协调发展 ,构建京津金融联合体     

农村非正规金融：发展特点、制度分析及规范

当前我国农村非正规金融的发展具有规模大、利率弹性大、借贷方式不规范等特点。制度分析表明农村非正规金融之所以占据农村金融市场的半壁江山,在于其较低的交易成本、灵活的抵押机制、内生的风险控制机制等制度优势。同时农村非正规金融也有活动范围规模狭小、有一定的蔓延性、缺乏国家政策和法律支持等制度缺陷,需要通过合法化、加强监管、促进农村正规金融与非正规金融的合作等方式加以规范。     

新农村建设与农业政策性金融发展方略

社会主义新农村建设与农业政策性金融发展是一个互动共进的过程。一方面,新农村建设对农业政策性金融发展提出新的要求;另一方面,农业政策性金融发展对新农村建设提供强大的政策和金融支持。新时期我国农业政策性金融发展,要坚持以科学发展观为指导,把握新时期支农战略重点,不断拓展农业政策性金融边界,推进农业政策性金融生态建设,积极防范和化解农村金融风险,培养高素质的农业政策性金融人才。     

Aid Effectiveness,Debt Relief and Public Finance Response: Evidence from a Panel of HIPC Countries

Substantial amounts of debt relief have been granted to a set of low-income countries, as an alternative aid modality. Although the theoretical case for debt relief is firmly established, only empirical analysis can show whether debt relief is indeed a (more) effective mode of aid delivery. We investigate the linkages between debt relief and other fiscal variables such as current expenditure, government investment, taxation and domestic borrowing, in comparison to the effects of grants and concessional loans. We find that the fiscal impact of HIPC debt relief follows fairly complex dynamics. For example, debt relief initially reduces government investment, but the effect becomes positive after two years, well outperforming other modes of aid delivery. JEL no. F34, F35, O11, O19     

绿色金融:将可持续发展内生化的新经济发展方式

以绿色金融为手段,如何实现节能减排、转变经济发展方式是一个正在探索的领域。文章探讨了绿色金融的概念、含义和特征,用经济学理论解释了绿色金融的作用机理,论证了绿色金融是金融可持续发展的内在要求,提出了构建我国绿色金融体系的路径。很显然,绿色金融的实质是利用金融业的杠杆作用,保护环境,实现人与自然的和谐发展。     

Access to Finance,Financial Development and Firm Ability to Export: Experience from Asia–Pacific Countries

With particular reference to Asia–Pacific countries, the present study examines how access to finance and financial development affects firms’ ability to enter export markets. Using firm‐level data from the World Bank Enterprises Survey, we found that access to finance plays a significant role in improving firms’ ability to export. In addition, development of the financial sector fosters export market entry. Among the financial development indicators, reach of the banking sector variable is most prominent. The present study suggests that improvements in access to finance and financial development (increases in the reach of the banking sector) enable firms operating away from capital or major cities to enter export markets easily. The present study supports policy intervention to strengthen access to the financial sector, which would encourage firms to export, and to facilitate export market entry for remotely located firms.     

数字普惠金融发展动因及区域发展差异研究现状与展望

作为传统普惠金融发展的优化产物,数字普惠金融有效突破了传统金融服务的地域限制,降低了金融产品的负担和成本,扩大了普惠金融的服务对象范围,并通过数字技术为融资困难群体提供了便利的金融服务环境。然而,在持续发展过程中,数字普惠金融存在区域差异。因此,对数字普惠金融发展动因、影响以及区域发展差异的研究,有助于因地制宜的完善数字普惠金融数据统计口径、促进数字普惠金融多维度均衡化发展,并进一步推动数字普惠金融区域协调发展,使其在提升区域经济增长、改善民间融资环境、增进民生福祉等方面发挥更大作用。     

At the Nexus of Human Rights and Development: New Methods and Strategies of Global NGOs

The growing interaction of development and human rights, especially in the work of nongovernment organizations (NGOs), has important implications for NGOs, donor agencies and governments. Three trends––a rights-based approach to development, joint advocacy by human rights and development NGOs, and expanded attention to economic and social rights human rights groups––are the substance of the growing interaction. Human rights offer internationally recognized standards as benchmarks and bases for accountability of NGOs, governments, and corporations; a new source of influence for NGOs’ advocacy; and the first fundamental challenge to a market-dominated view of development that has prevailed since the 1980s. NGOs’ efforts to link human rights and development are examined to reveal both potential and limitations.     

陕西省数字普惠金融与经济高质量发展耦合协调关系

基于2011—2020年统计数据,通过构建经济高质量发展指标体系对陕西省10个市区经济高质量发展水平进行测度,并运用耦合协调度模型、空间相关性分析以及泰尔指数对陕西省数字普惠金融与经济高质量发展的耦合协调关系进行研究。结果表明：陕西省经济高质量发展与数字普惠金融变化趋势有较强的一致性,整体在时序上呈上升趋势,发展状况良好;二者耦合协调度在空间上发展不平衡,失调区域多分布于陕北和陕南地区,协调区域聚集在关中地区;陕西省耦合协调水平总体差异明显,差异主要来自区域内差异,同时关中地区的内部差异明显大于陕北和陕南地区。     

城乡统筹视野的城市金融与农村金融对接:成都个案

在城乡统筹建设中,农村金融与城市金融是不可分割的整体。实现二者的有效联通是城乡统筹中金融发展的关键所在。城市金融与农村金融联通机制的建设,须注意金融机构的联通金融市场的联通,以及风险补偿机制的建设。