如何完善商业银行内控体系

国际上内部控制理论先后经历了内部牵制、内部控制制度、内部控制结构、内部控制整体框架以及最新的全面风险管理总体框架五个阶段。1992年,美国著名的内部控制研究机构＂发起组织委员会＂（COSO）提出了最具里程碑意义的专题报告《内部控制—整体框架》,也称COSO报告,成为内部控制领域最为权威的文献之一。我国监管机构发布的《商业银行内部控制指引》、《企业内部控制规范》等,基本上沿袭了COSO内部控制报告的框架。2004年,COSO又发布了《企业风险管理—整合框架》报告,提出了全面风险管理的总框架。本文对内部控制与全面风险管理的差异进行了分析,并针对我国商业银行内部控制存在的问题,提出了完善内控体系的建议。     

基于可持续发展理念的企业整合报告研究

在强调社会责任和可持续发展的环境下,企业传统财务报告已无法满足信息使用者的需求,对其深化改革并尝试发布整合财务、环境、社会责任和公司治理信息的报告已成为未来的发展趋势.基于以上背景,国际会计界提出了“整合报告”的新概念,并于2010年8月成立了一个致力于发展整合报告框架及编制标准的国际整合报告委员会(IIRC).然而,目前企业整合报告的理论和实践还处于初创阶段,本文在关注IIRC和世界各国研究动态的基础上,通过理论探索和实证检验,首创性地提出了FESG四维报告作为企业整合报告基本形式的观点,并运用问卷调查和AHP层次分析法构建了FESG报告的初步框架,建议企业更为关注可持续发展和价值创造能力等战略问题.     

迈向综合报告时代

随着全球一体化的推进及世界对可持续发展共识的达成,原有的财务报告已经不能满足企业利益相关者的需求,在全球建立更广泛意义上的综合报告框架开始显得日益迫切。2010年8月,国际综合报告委员会由可持续发展会计项目和全球报告倡议组织等机构发起设立,致力于为全球的公司提供一个清晰、简明、一致和可比的综合报告框架。2013年4月16日,国际综合报告委员会     

企业可持续发展报告研究述评--基于GRI《可持续发展报告指南》发布后的文献

随着全球报告倡议组织（GRI）的成立及其《可持续发展报告指南》的发布与改进,可持续发展报告在全球范围内得到广泛的推行。现有文献对企业可持续发展报告的研究主要集中在四个方面：可持续发展报告的发展历程、现状与趋势,可持续发展报告评价指标体系的构建与实证研究,GRI指南在我国的应用情况以及可持续发展报告带来的经济后果。现有研究大多是对可持续发展报告评价指标体系与影响公司行为的方式进行理论分析,未来研究方向将集中在企业可持续发展报告的评价以及运用实证方法检验公司行为与可持续发展报告的披露两者之间的关系上。     

企业风险管理的分析框架：演进与趋势

2004年的COSO《企业风险管理一整合框架》报告发布以后,COSO--ERM框架成了企业风险管理的标准框架,但是次贷危机中众多金融机构的破产,使得COSO--ERM框架的有效性受到了怀疑。在后危机时代,发展新的风险管理框架成为必然要求。企业风险管理的目标从追求公司（股东）利益最大化转向追求企业利益相关者利益最大化,企业风险管理的内容也从COSO八要素风险管理发展到以经济资本、风险管理要素、结构性金融工具和可持续风险管理为支柱的全面风险管理。     

国际准则气候适应性研究与展望——IAS、IFRS的前瞻适应和ISDS的未来适用

多年来公众习惯在ESG报告、社会责任报告、可持续发展报告这类非财务报告框架下考虑气候风险,但越来越多投资者需要获取气候风险对企业财报产生的当期、未来影响。近年来,国际会计准则理事会（IASB）也在通过不断更新理念整合资源、优化现有准则包容性和解释力、发布可持续披露标准针对性反映气候影响,多角度适应气候变化和经济发展的需求。未来可能将呈现准则协同机制更加完善、披露标准更为统一、强制性要求愈加强劲等发展特征。     

国际财经

IFAC更新可持续性框架近日,国际会计师联合会(IFAC)工商业界职业会计师委员会(PAIB)更新了《可持续性框架》,旨在帮助职业会计师和他们所在的组织将可持续发展理念整合到战略、运营和报告之中。该框架强调职业会计师在促进所在组织可持续发展中所扮演的重要角色,以及对商业报告采用整合     

FATF全球ML＆TF威胁评估及对我国的启示

2010年下半年,金融行动特别工作组（FATF）发布了第1份全球ML＆TF（洗钱和恐怖融资）威胁评估报告（GTA）,介绍了全球视野下ML＆TF威胁及最终危害的系统性框架,并提供了用来判断和应对这些威胁的指导性方法。本文对该报告进行了翻译和研究,并提出了我国借鉴该评估框架的建议。     

数字

2010年8月2日，可持续发展会计项目和全球报告倡议组织宣布成立国际综合报告委员会（IIRC），其宗旨是创建可持续性会计框架，并力争获得全世界的接受和认可。该框架将财务信息、环境信息、社会信息和治理信息综合起来，以清晰、简明、一致和可比的形式列示，以满足新兴的、可持续的、全球化经济发展模式需要。     

社会保障理念与预算的完美结合——评《贝弗里奇报告》

1942年发表的《贝弗里奇报告》（以下简称＂《报告》＂）,是社会保障史上的典范之作,是现代社会保障的里程碑和福利国家的奠基石。关于《报告》的研究和评说不计其数,特别是其社会保障理念与框架的设计,但笔者更欣赏的是如何巧妙、     

Diffusion of integrated reporting,insights and potential avenues for future research

This study reviews the diffusion of integrated reporting (IR) research. The systematic literature review method is used to review the effects of IR at the organisational level, determinants of IR adoption and integrated report quality (IRQ), assurance on IR, economic consequences of IR/IRQ, and research design issues to set agendas for future research. The review covers 119 peer-reviewed IR articles published in 36 journals between 2012 and 2021. It finds that the IR literature is dominated by organisational-level studies, but there is limited research on the economic consequences of IR/IRQ, and the findings are inconclusive to date. Further, the factors that determine IR adoption/IRQ are not conclusive, and there is scarce research on IR assurance. This review contributes to the emerging IR literature and provides valuable insights to the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) in establishing the IR framework as a global reporting norm in practice.     

A practice theoretical analysis of the irrelevance of integrated reporting to mainstream sell‐side analysts

This study investigates whether integrated reporting (IR) is achieving its intended purpose by focusing on its usefulness as perceived by sell‐side analysts. The main data come from 23 analysts who covered companies participating in the Pilot Programme Business Network of the International Integrated Reporting Council as of 2013. We find that IR has not connected with analysts’ practice of firm assessment. The improvements resulting from the adoption of integrated reporting are not relevant to analysts, as the reports do not provide the information required by analysts in sufficient detail or preferred format.     

Integrated Reporting: An Opportunity for Australia's Not‐for‐Profit Sector

Integrated Reporting is a new reporting paradigm that is holistic, strategic, responsive, material and relevant across multiple time frames. Emphasising enhanced disclosure of the value drivers for today's organisations, Integrated Reporting represents a journey to more meaningful reporting that can be instrumental for Australia's reporting organisations, including not‐for‐profits. With momentum behind the concept of Integrated Reporting building and contemporaneous local regulatory reform on the agenda, there are nascent opportunities for Integrated Reporting to guide the future of not‐for‐profit reporting in Australia.     

The Business Model in Integrated Reporting: Evaluating Concept and Application

A key feature of the International Integrated Reporting Council's (IIRC) agenda to improve corporate reporting is to encourage companies to use Integrated Reports to disclose their underlying business models. However, extant research suggests that the IIRC's distinctive business model concept is not well understood. This paper aims to unpack and critically evaluate the core features of the IIRC's business model concept. To unpack the IIRC's business model, the paper conducts a structured comparative analysis of the IIRC's model against eight influential alternatives in prior business model research. The paper then evaluates the extent to which Integrated Reporting's distinctive business model is: (1) internally coherent and consistent; and, (2) consistent with the IIRC's broader reporting objectives. The paper identifies tensions in both these areas. Since the IIRC's business model is central to its agenda to improve corporate reporting, these tensions are relevant to both Integrated Reporting research and broader discussions about whether, or how, disclosing business models advances mainstream reporting frameworks.     

Integrated reporting decision usefulness: Mainstream equity market views

The International Integrated Reporting (<IR>) Framework (2013) identified providers of financial capital as its primary users. This research provides evidence from 22 mainstream equity market actors, employed by global investment houses, regarding the decision usefulness of and resistances to <IR>, as a reporting framework. Despite institutional-level support for <IR>, the interviews reveal that its usefulness to fund managers and equity analysts is low. Concerns are evident over the Framework design and its relevance to more structural issues pertaining to equity market culture. The implication of this is that <IR> may become a reporting fad, not embedded into mainstream investment thinking.     

Environmental,social and governance disclosure,integrated reporting,and the accuracy of analyst forecasts

The International Integrated Reporting Council advocates that integrated reporting (IR) should become the worldwide norm for corporate reporting aimed at serving the needs of investors. Nonetheless, only in South Africa has IR been mandated. We study the impact of the reporting regime change in South Africa on analyst forecast accuracy over the period 2008 to 2012, as a way of evaluating users’ perceptions of the usefulness of IR. We theorise that any effects of IR will be greater the greater is the level of disclosures of environmental, social and governance performance. We find results consistent with those who support IR and our theory that the level of environmental, social and governance disclosures is a mediating variable in determining the effectiveness of IR. The results are driven by the levels of environmental disclosure and, to a lesser extent, governance disclosure. Our results provide some support for those who advocate the virtues of integrated reporting.     

Extended performance reporting: an examination of the Australian mining industry

Recent accounting scandals and a greater focus on sustainable development have highlighted the insufficiency of traditional financial statements in providing information about company value and performance. This study argues for the importance of reporting both IC information and non-economic performance. Based on an Extended Performance Reporting Framework, content analysis was conducted to examine the voluntary reporting practices within the annual reports of selected Australian mining companies. Results show that the sample companies tended to place greater emphases on IC information than non-economic performance information. The study provides a research opportunity, examining why the samples chose to report or not report various reporting elements.     

Re-theorizing the configuration of organizational fields: the IIRC and the pursuit of ‘Enlightened’ corporate reporting

This paper studies the emergence of the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) and its attempts to institutionalize integrated reporting as a practice that is critical to the relevance and value of corporate reporting. Informed by Suddaby and Viale’s [(2011). Professionals and field-level change: institutional work and the professional project. Current Sociology, 59, 423–442] theorization of how professionals reconfigure organizational fields, the paper delineates the strategies and mechanisms through which the IIRC has sought to enroll the support of a wide range of stakeholder groups for the idea of integrated reporting in order to deliver a fundamental reconfiguration of the corporate reporting field. The paper’s analysis reinforces the significance to any such field reconfiguration of the reciprocal and mutual arrangements between influential professionals and other powerful actors but does so in a way that (a) refines Suddaby and Viale’s theorization of processes of field-level change and (b) pinpoints the fundamental policy challenges facing the IIRC. Gieryn’s [(1983). Boundary work and the demarcation of science from non-science: strains and interests in professional ideologies of scientists. American Sociological Review, 48 (6), 781–795] notion of boundary work is operationalized to capture some of the complexity and dynamism of the change process that is not sufficiently represented by Suddaby and Viale’s more sequentialist theorization. From a policy perspective, the paper demonstrates just how much the IIRC’s prospects for success in reconfiguring the corporate reporting field depend on its ability to reconfigure the mainstream investment field. Ultimately, this serves to question whether the IIRC’s conceptualization of ‘enlightened’ corporate reporting is sufficiently powerful and persuasive to stimulate ‘enlightened’ investment behavior focused on the medium and long term – and, more generally stresses the theoretical significance of considering connections across related organizational fields in institutional analyses of field reconfiguration efforts.     

综合报告国际发展动态及我国应对举措

在强调可持续发展以及社会责任的背景下,仅仅披露财务信息的传统财务报告已经无法满足各利益相关方的需求,涉及财务、环境、社会责任和公司治理等信息的综合报告已成为企业报告未来的发展趋势。本文对综合报告提出的背景以及当前的国际发展动态进行了概述,分析了发展综合报告面临的挑战,同时针对我国综合报告的发展现状,提出了我国的应对举措。