PRIMARY VERSUS SECONDARY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES IN U.S. MANUFACTURING

In this paper we analyze the determinants of material inputs into individual production activities as a function of their outputs. We use observations on a large cross-section of U.S. manufacturing plants from the Census of Manufactures, including those that make goods primary to other industries, to study differences in production techniques. We find that in most cases material requirements do not depend on whether goods are made as primary products or as secondary products. We thus elucidate support for the commodity technology model as a useful working hypothesis.     

ON THE INTERPRETATION OF COVARIATE ESTIMATES IN INDEPENDENT COMPETING-RISKS MODELS*

Competing-risks models are becoming increasingly pervasive in applied research to explain the factors determining both the time in a state (i.e. unemployment) and the exit route from the state (is. leaving unemployment for a job or non-participation). However, as in many limited dependent variable models, the interpretation of the covariate estimates requires care. Despite assertions to the contrary in many published papers, it is shown that the estimated qualitative effect of a covariate on the hazard for risk j typically conveys no information on its qualitative effect on either the likelihood of, or expected time until, exit via j. This is because such magnitudes depend on the qualitative and quantitative effects of the covariate on other risks which cannot be ignored. The point is demonstrated by using UK data on the unemployment to re-employment transitions of a sample of male job losers.     

中国城市教育资源的差异比较

利用最新统计数据,分析了中国地级及以上城市人均教育经费、教育支出占GDP的比重及生师比差异的现状,并在分析其成因的基础上提出了相应的政策建议。结论是:目前中国城市人均教育经费差异很大,城市间高等教育阶段生师比的差距比较大,而基础教育的差距相对较小;城市经济发展水平是影响这些差异的主要因素,其次是城市人口规模;促进不发达地区城市和小城市的经济发展、建立合理的人口流动机制是消除城市间教育资源差异的有利措施。     

SIMULTANEOUS USES OF TIME IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION

A household production function is developed which allows for persons to be engaged in more than one activity at a point in time. Labour inputs are scaled back when two activities are being undertaken. Data from the 1987 Australian Time Use Survey is used to estimate equations explaining input hours into home production by adult members of the household. One implication of the empirical results is that when two activities are being undertaken simultaneously input hours on the activity coded as "primary" and the input hours on the activity coded as "secondary" should each have a weight of one-half.     

企业自主创新与湖南新型工业化建设

湖南新型工业化对技术创新有着巨大需求;借鉴世界发达国家工业化的经验,顺应世界科技发展潮流,应重视企业自主创新;针对省情,提出了推进湖南新型工业化的企业自主创新策略和保障措施。     

THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL CAPITAL IN PRODUCTION

It is increasingly acknowledged that the financial structure of a firm is an important determinant of its production costs. This paper argues that the use of a firm's liabilities should be seen as a separate input in the production process. At the same time, the input of non-financial assets is limited to the value that is used up during the reference period. The paper elaborates on these ideas and shows their use in empirical work. It is concluded that the approach set out in this paper establishes a much closer relationship of general economic accounting and analysis to business economics.     

关于旅游业实施清洁生产的初步探讨

尝试将清洁生产的理论与方法导入旅游业，探讨旅游业清洁生产的意义、内涵、模式与途径。认为在旅游业大力推广清洁生产活动，创建绿色旅游企业，开发清洁旅游产品，开展节能、降耗、控污、治污和环境公益活动，建立健全清洁生产法规制度，推广清洁生产技术，引进环境管理体系，加强清洁生产管理，是实现旅游可持续发展的重要途径。     

中国粮食生产空间布局变迁实证

中国的粮食生产空间布局区域特征明显,了解中国粮食生产空间布局变化特征及影响因素对于制定合理的粮食生产政策具有重要意义,文章运用空间计量经济学Moran I指数及Panel Data模型,分析了中国31个省级区域粮食生产空间布局特征及其影响因素.