国际资本流动对银行信用风险的影响研究——来自中国商业银行的经验证据

基于中国商业银行样本,分析国际资本流动对信用风险的影响以及作用机理。研究发现,国际资本流动显著提高了商业银行的信用风险。直接投资类型的国际资本流动有利于抑制银行信用风险,证券投资形式的国际资本流动则显著提高了银行信用风险,其他投资的国际资本流动影响方向并不确定。国际资本流动的风险加剧效应主要体现在以城商行、农商行为代表的区域性商业银行,主要原因在于国际资本流动对地方银行的经营绩效产生冲击,加剧了局部金融市场的竞争,迫使银行采取风险系数更高的信贷策略。在金融进一步开放的过程中,需要加强区域性商业银行的风险监管,完善银行风险审查环节的制度建设,以防范和应对国际资本流动带来的潜在金融风险。     

国际资本流动的新特征及其影响

随着经济全球化的进一步发展,全球金融市场一体化日益深化,国际资本流动不仅日趋活跃,而且具有了新的特征,国际资本流动的变化对世界经济运行也正在产生正面与负面的影响。国际资本流动的新变化要求各国对于国际资本应该趋利避害,做出及时和合适的应对。     

对中国短期资本流动的分析及其风险防范

90年代以来,金融危机的频繁发生使得国际资本流动再次吸引了各国的重视。是近几年来,短期国际资本在我国的流动日益频繁,而且净流入逐渐扩大。这对我国的国际收支、人民币汇率等都产生了不利的影响,因此必须加以防范,注意我国资本项目的开放,加大对短期资本流动的监管。     

国际资本流动、国内信贷与房地产价格：基于中国宏微观层面的实证分析

文章将国际资本流动引入国内的信贷和房地产价格周期的分析框架，对国际资本流动、房地产价格与信贷投放三者间的作用路径进行了机制分析以及宏观和微观两个层面的实证检验。宏观层面，基于TVP-VAR模型的研究发现，房地产价格与银行信贷之间具有自我强化周期，国际资本流动会放大和强化信贷投放与房地产价格的相互影响，国际资本流动与国内信贷和房地产价格周期存在正反馈效应。微观层面，使用中国上市公司面板数据基于固定效应模型的实证分析表明，国际资本流入会对中国上市公司信贷融资产生显著的正向影响，房地产价格在其中起重要作用，公司是否持有投资性房地产会显著影响国际资本流动与银行向公司的信贷投放之间的作用关系，有投资性房地产的企业所获信贷对资本流动变化反应更大。     

国际资本流动趋势及我国的对策

当前,国际资本流动呈现出新趋势,各种类型的金融危机频繁发生,给世界经济产生了巨大影响,国际资本流动纷纷表现出“逃往质量”现象。文章分析近年来国际资本“逃往质量”现象的表现,探讨其对新兴市场和对我国的影响,分析如何通过优化投资环境,提高投资质量来保证中国对国际投资的吸引力和促进经济的发展。     

我国短期国际资本流入研究

国际短期资本流动对我国经济的影响越来越明显。本文由国内外学者对国际短期资本流动的实证研究综述展开,分析并探讨了国际短期资本流动的动因。本文通过实证检验,试图找出影响我国短期资本流动的关键影响因素。研究表明,短期资本流动与中美利差、房地产指数以及证券市场的收益率呈正相关关系,而汇率的变动对短期资本流动影响不大,汇率的预期变动才是影响短期资本流动的因素之一。     

国际资本流动态势变化与新兴市场国家金融稳定

在新兴市场国家融入金融全球化过程中,进出入新兴市场国家国际资本流动规模不断激增,其波动性也越来越强,这使得国际资本流动对新兴市场国家金融稳定产生的冲击也越来越大,而且发达国家非常规货币政策对新兴市场国家的溢出效应也日益凸显。大规模国际资本流入新兴市场国家后,国际金融形势、市场预期等因素变化会使得国际资本流入突然停止并逆转流出,这在金融溢出效应和共同贷款者效应作用下,会对新兴市场国家金融稳定产生极大冲击。中国应采取多种措施积极应对,提升国际资本流动管理的有效性,审慎开放资本账户,积极深化与新兴市场国家的金融合作,努力维护中国和新兴市场的金融稳定。     

国际资本形成对我国经济产生的风险及对策

20世纪美国等发达国家进一步在全世界倡导金融自由化政策，新兴市场国家的金融自由化及信息技术的广泛应用使得国际资本以更大规模、更快速度在国际金融市场上自由流动，并对新兴市场经济体产生了深远影响。但是90年代后期，墨西哥、泰国、韩国、马来西亚、巴西等新兴市场经济体相继发生了金融危机，甚至引发犬规模的经济动荡，使得经济界重新审视、思考国际资本流动的影响。我国近几年成为国际资本流入的大国，那么国际资本形成在促进我国经济增长的同时，会给我们带来哪些方面的风险呢？文章重点分析了国际资本形成中所产生的风险，并提出防范风险的对策建议。     

国际短期资本流动对本外币政策及其协调的影响

本文概括了当代国际短期资本流动发展的特征,包括总体规模、流动速度、流动范围与流动形态的变动,及国内资本与国际短期资本更紧密的连接性等,探讨了国际短期资本流动对本币政策独立性的影响,论述了从三元悖论到货币替代论的理论发展对把握国际短资流动影响所具有的政策意义,阐述了央行的冲销干预后果。论文分析了国际短资流动对于一国外币政策的影响,强调了外币管理政策各项内容间的协调性。论文从目前状态与中长期趋势角度讨论了国际短期资本流动对我国本外币政策及其协调的影响,提出了发展原则与战略,并简论了人民币国际化的政策。     

国际资本流动对我国货币政策有效性的影响

随着我国金融市场的对外开放,资本自由流动是大势所趋。目前,在我国实施有管理的浮动汇率制度前提下,在应对美国次贷危机不断蔓延的经济形势下,研究国际资本流动对我国货币政策有效性的影响,具有非常重要的意义。这里在界定国际资本流动定义、介绍其分类的基础上,分析了我国国际资本流动的现状,从对我国货币供给量的影响、对我国货币币值稳定的影响、对我国央行货币政策的影响三方面探讨了国际资本流动对我国货币政策有效性的影响,得出了六点结论。     

哈萨克斯坦直接利用外资的环境、特点分析及启示

哈萨克斯坦利用外资增长很快，但外商投资主要集中在服务业，市场较为集中。为此，哈萨克斯坦出台了一系列政策以改善本国利用外资现状。本文对哈萨克斯坦利手外资的环境和特点进行了分析，认为哈萨克斯坦利用外资的特点也为中国产业转移及资源进口带来了机遇。     

哈萨克斯坦引进外资的特点、做法及启示

本文对哈萨克斯坦历年引进外资的规模、来源、领域分布等进行了回顾，认为哈萨克斯坦引进外资具有规模不断加大、投资领域单一、外资来源地高度集中等特点。并提出，今后中国在对哈萨克斯坦进行直接投资时，应加大倾斜力度，扩大对非能源资源领域的投资，不断规范投资行为。     

Were capital flows the culprit in the Weimar economic crisis?

This paper examines the role of capital flows in the interwar German economy. We use a calibrated model of sudden stops as our analytical framework and derive four key findings. First, capital flows aggravated the boom–bust cycle of the Weimar economy. Second, these flows were strongly associated—during different periods—with reparations, conditions in the US capital market, and German domestic events. Third, capital flows before 1930 allowed Germany to pay reparations on credit and thus postponed the hour of reckoning when that debt had to be serviced using trade surpluses. Fourth, the German economic downturn in 1931 was due more to capital flows than to productivity shocks or reparations.     

矛新与兴盾市︰场短国期家资的本资流本入控冲制击与

世界经济复苏及各国货币政策的双重不同步加剧了当前全球范围内的资本流动,尤其是对新兴市场国家造成了严重冲击。为应对境外短期资本的大规模涌入,新兴市场国家被迫采取了各种临时性资本控制措施。本文在文献和历史回顾的基础上,结合现实因素,对短期资本流动趋势及新兴市场国家实行资本控制的动机、手段及有效性进行了分析,并针对中国提出了对策建议。     

Capital Flows: The South African Experience

There has been a significant rise in the empirical work distinguishing between episodes of sharp slowdowns and surges in capital inflows. Much of this analysis has centred on gaining a better understanding of the cyclical behaviour of capital flows. This paper continues in this vein by identifying capital flow episodes for South Africa and analyses the nature and main drivers of cross‐border flows during these episodes. This paper makes two major contributions to the empirical work on South African capital flows. First, specific attention is given to some pertinent measurement issues in the identification of capital flow episodes for South Africa. The post capital account liberalisation period (post‐1995‐period) is delineated into a “normal” period (when capital inflows were close to historical averages) and an “abnormal” period (when capital inflows deviated significantly from the historical average). Second, the paper identifies some defining characteristics during these two periods. In this regard, the behaviour of domestic and foreign agents as drivers of capital flows and the probability of capital flow reversals across asset classes are given particular attention. Although these issues have significant policy implications, they have, to date, been given limited attention in the empirical work on South African capital flows.     

Do contagion effects exist in capital flow volatility?

The cross-border transmission of a financial shock has been a subject of rich literature. While a large number of studies have focused on the phenomenon of strong co-movements of asset prices and capital flows in the event of financial stress, very few discussed the contagion or spillover effects in terms of capital flow volatility. This paper is one of the first attempts to assess, empirically, whether or not there is a global and regional spillover effect in the volatility of capital flows to emerging and developing countries. Based on the sample of 49 emerging and developing countries for the period 1980–2009, the empirical results suggest strong and significant contagion effects in the volatility of capital flows to individual economies. The magnitudes of contagion vary depending on the type of capital flows, whether it is foreign direct investment (FDI) or portfolio and other investment (mostly bank lending). The findings also suggest the volatility dynamics of gross flows is different from that of net flows. The volatility of net inflows is more exposed to intra-regional contagion compared to that of gross inflows.     

Effectiveness and Effects of China’s Capital Controls

I. IntroductionNations at every stage of development and in every region of the world are more closelylinked through trade in goods and services, through flows of funds and investments ineach others’ economies than ever before. But in sharp contrast to more and more nationsloosening restrictions on international trade, controls over capital flows are still substantialnearly everywhere except in the most developed economies. This is certainly the case inChina, where restrictions on movements …     

Effectiveness and Effects of China＇s Capital Controls

Reductions in barriers to global trade have not been accompanied by a widespread loosening of restrictions on international flows of capital, especially in China. This study shows that China has some of the most restrictive controls and uses them effectively to bias flows of cross-border capital heavily in favor of foreign direct investment (FDI) and limit flows of portfolio and bank assets and liabilities, as well as reducing capital flow volatility. China is now facing pressure to speed up its opening to all forms of cross border capital. But since China is still struggling to strengthen its domestic financial structure, capital account liberalization would expose it to considerable risks and potentially high costs.     

Private capital flows,stock market and economic growth in developed and developing countries: A comparative analysis

Empirically we investigate how three types of private capital flows could promote economic growth in recipient developed and developing countries. Our focus is on the role of stock markets as a channel through which foreign capital flows could promote growth. The findings reveal that FDI exhibits a positive impact on growth, while both foreign debt and portfolio investment have a negative impact on growth in all sample countries. However, our results indicate that stock markets might be a significant channel or leading institutional factor through which capital flows affect economic growth. The findings provide clear implications that the negative impact of private capital flows can be transformed into a positive one if the stock market development has attained a certain threshold level, regardless of whether it is in developed or developing countries.