沪深300股指期货套期保值模型选择与绩效评价

摘要：基于不同套期保值模型,本文对沪深300股指期货的套期保值效应进行了实证分析,并通过“风险最小化”原则和“效用最大化”原则分别比较不同模型的套期保值绩效。结果发现,在“风险最小化”原则下,无论是对于样本内还是样本外数据,对角ECM．BGARCH（1,1）模型的套期保值绩效都为最优;在“效用最大化”原则下,无论风险系数水平如何,样本内DCC．GARCH模型的套期保值绩效最优,样本外标量ECM—BGARCH（1,1）模型的套期保值绩效最优。     

恒生指数和沪深300股指期货套期保值效果对比研究

本文利用OLS、ECM、ECM-GARCH模型对沪深300股指期货和恒生指数期货的最优套期保值率进行了估算,并在风险最小化框架下对它们的套期保值效果进行了对比研究。结果发现:无论是哪种股指期货,不考虑期现货间存在的协整关系会使估算的最优套期保值率偏高,影响套期保值效果;其次是虽然在样本内外,沪深300股指期货的套期保值效果比恒生指数期货的好,但是沪深300股指期货套期保值效果的稳定性比恒生指数差。此时,ECM-GARCH和OLS模型分别为样本内外投资者利用沪深300指数期货进行套期保值时的最佳选择;对于恒生指数股指期货,最优模型是ECM。     

Dynamic Hedging Effectiveness in South Korean Index Futures and the Impact of the Asian Financial Crisis

This paper focuses on the impact of the 1997 Asian financial market crisis upon hedging effectiveness within the KOSPI 200 stock index and index futures markets. The paper utilizes the inter-temporal relationship between the two markets to examine the characteristics of several minimum variance hedge ratios. It also examines the performances of alternative hedging strategies for dynamic portfolio management in the presence of cointegrated time-varying risks. The results show a decline in the persistence of conditional volatility within market prices after the crisis. This decline leads to the relative performance of utilizing constant hedge ratios to increase, though not significantly so to guarantee a superior performance over more sophisticated time-varying hedge ratio strategies.     

Determination of Optimal Hedging Strategy for Index Futures: Evidence from Turkey

This paper aims to determine optimal hedge strategy for the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE)-30 stock index futures in Turkey by comparing hedging performance of constant and time-varying hedge ratios under mean-variance utility criteria. We employ standard regression and bivariate GARCH frameworks to estimate constant and time-varying hedge ratios respectively. The Turkish case is particularly challenging since Turkey has one of the most volatile stock markets among emerging economies and the turnover ratio as a measure of liquidity is very high for the market. These facts can be considered to highlight the great risk and, therefore, the extra need for hedging in the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). The empirical results from the study reveal that the dynamic hedge strategy outperforms the static and the traditional strategies.     

我国黄金期货市场功能发挥的实证研究

本文运用协整检验、Granger因果检验、Garbade-Silber模型、误差修正模型等对2008年1月9日到2008年11月14日上海期货交易所黄金期货合约的价格发现功能和套期保值功能进行研究,结果表明:黄金现货价格对期货价格存在单向引导关系,在价格发现功能中,黄金现货价格起着决定性的作用,期货市场价格发现功能相对较弱。     

Multiperiod Strip Hedging of Forward Commitments

This paper empirically compares two multiperiod hedging strategies—a strip hedge and a stack-and-roll hedge—to hedge a forward commitment. The multiperiod strip hedge is found to outperform the stack-and-roll hedge when forward prices are subject to multiple sources of price uncertainty and to perform no better when only one source of uncertainty is present. Moreover, the relative superiority of the strip hedge increases with the presence of multiple sources of uncertainty. Last, the strip hedge is found to be more costly to trade than the stack-and-roll hedge; however, its cost varies directly with its superiority at reducing risk.     

中国农产品期货主力及近月合约套期保值效果研究

主力合约和近月合约的偏离是中国期货市场特有的现实问题,它在一定程度上阻碍对中国期货市场功能的发挥。文章以ZCE棉花和DCE豆一期货为代表对中国农产品期货市场进行研究,研究发现,中国ZCE棉花和DCE豆一期货的近月合约套期保值效果明显优于主力合约套期保值效果,但均远远低于发达期货市场的套期保值效果。根据研究结果,本研究结合实际提出几个有针对性的措施,以利于中国农产品期货功能的发挥。     

商品期货投资收益问题研究

按照持有期货合约的部位,将商品期货交易者细分为：标的商品生产商、加工商和投机者。在满足终期效用最大化的条件下,通过联立商品期货、现货和证券市场,推导出一个商品期货投资收益模型,证明了商品期货投资收益由期货市场的系统性风险溢价和非系统性风险溢价两部分组成,并解释了“持有期成本套利”、“现货一期货溢价”和“资本资产定价”三种理论适用于确定商品期货投资收益的前提条件。根据国内商品期货市场与证券市场之间存在负相关性的实证结论,说明发展商品基金、减少证券一商品期货市场跨市场投资的交易成本等措施有利于我国资本市场的发展和完善。     

盯市风险下的期货套期保值

本文把盯市风险引入传统的期货套期保值框架，论证了在考虑盯市风险的情况下，一个关注每日最大亏损值的套期保值者会显著地减少他的期货头寸。在一个中期的套期保值期内，该套期保值者的期货套期保值头寸约为其现货头寸的80％。盯市风险的影响随着套期保值期的延长而缓慢减弱。如果套期保值者关注的是每日平均亏损值，在一个中期的套期保值期内盯市风险的影响极小。     

中国能源期货的对冲模型比较研究

本文以中国燃料油期货及现货数据为例,介绍了中国能源市场中对冲实践的一系列流程:从理论框架、模型选择、数据检验、对冲期限到对冲有效性检验。本文遵循该流程,对比了基于最小方差和效用最大化两类理论框架下的四类模型(OLS、VAR和两类不同的误差修正向量GARCH模型)。实证研究发现:(1)对冲效果与对冲期限呈现先上升后下降的倒U型关系;(2)在效用最大化理论框架下,采用基于向量的GARCH模型和15天动态对冲策略的投资组合对冲后修正夏普比率高达2.95,提升风险收益比的效果十分显著。     

中国期货市场套期保值绩效实证研究

为了研究中国期货市场的套期保值绩效，本文利用确定套期保值比率的OLS、B-VAR、ECHM和EC—GARCH四个模型和套期保值绩效的衡量指标，对中国期货的小麦、大豆、铜和铝的套期保值比率和绩效进行了实证研究，使用1998～2004年中国期货与现货价格的周数据来进行单位根和协整检验等计量分析。研究显示，金属期货品种的套期保值比率和绩效比农产品期货品种的套期保值比率和绩效都要高。考虑了协整关系的ECHM和EC—GARCH模型的套期保值比率和绩效比没有考虑协整关系的OLS和B—VAR模型高，样本区间外的套期保值绩效优于样本区间内的绩效。本文认为采用ECMH和EC—GARCH模型进行套朔保值是最佳的策略。     

The effectiveness of interest-rate futures contracts for hedging Japanese bonds of different credit quality and duration

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE)-traded Japanese 10-year JGB futures contract to hedge portfolios of Japanese bonds of differing maturity and credit quality. The bond portfolios examined are Government, AAA-, and AA-rated Eurobonds with maturities of 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 20 years. Consistent with the recent literature, the study employs univariate methods for calculating hedge ratios based on levels, first differences, and percentage change of each series. Out-of-sample forecasting is used to determine the effectiveness of the calculated hedge ratios for each of the bond portfolios and to determine which approach to calculating hedge ratios is the most effective. The results show that this particular futures contract does provide a good hedge, particularly for those bond terms closest to the 10-year term of the contract. There is some evidence, although not strong, that JGBs are better hedged than AAA and AA bonds. Investors should take some caution when using this futures contract to hedge bond portfolios of different maturities and credit ratings.     

航空公司利用上海燃料油期货套期保值交易的战略研究——基于ECM-GARCH模型的实证分析

十二五规划中我国将航空业纳入了重点新兴产业,但是,近几年来航油价格剧烈波动给航空业及其相关产业发展带来较大风险。本文研究了航空公司利用上海燃料油期货交易对航空煤油进行套期保值的策略,基于2004—2012年现货和期货价格的日数据,采用ECM—GARCH模型测算出最优的套期保值比率为39．72％,能够帮助航空公司规避约15％的航油价格波动风险。本文认为,该策略在一定程度上能稳定企业收益,但绩效值略微偏低,这主要是由于危机时期,套期保值的绩效不仅与套保比率相关,还较大程度地受到汇率波动和宏观经济形势的影响。基于此,本文提出了新时期国有和民营航空公司进行套保交易的战略建议。     

现货市场波动与商品期货合约定价

通过构建商品期货合约定价模型,证明商品期货合约价格由资本市场系统风险溢价和标的现货市场特有(非市场)风险溢价两个部分构成.商品期货市场价格影响标的商品期货价格的前提条件是存在足够多的参与商品期货市场的交易者.当标的商品现货市场需求增加.在预期商品期货合约价格为正值的情况下,都将会使商品期货合约的价格上升,扩大交易风险并增加多头收益.相反,在预期商品期货合约价格为负值的情况下,需求增长引起初级产品价格上升将使商品期货合约价格的绝对值下降,减少交易风险和引起多头损失.如果标的商品现货市场需求减少,在预期商品期货合约价格为正值的情况下,将引起商品期货合约的价格下降,减少交易风险并降低空头损失.相反,在预期商品期货合约价格为负值的情况下,商品期货合约价格的绝对值增加,扩大交易风险和增加空头收益.     

STOCK INDEX FUTURES HEDGING: HEDGE RATIO ESTIMATION, DURATION EFFECTS, EXPIRATION EFFECTS AND HEDGE RATIO STABILITY

This paper examines hedging effectiveness for the FTSE-100 Stock Index futures contract from 1984 to 1992. It investigates the appropriate econometric technique to use in estimating minimum variance hedge ratios by undertaking estimations using OLS, an ECM and GARCH. Simple OLS outperforms more complex econometric techniques. Additionally, the paper examines the impact ofhedge duration and time to expiration on estimated hedge ratios and hedge ratio stability over time. It is shown that hedge ratios and hedging effectiveness increase with hedge duration, hedge ratios approach unity as expiration approaches and while hedge ratios vary over time they are stationary.     

Futures-Style Options on Euro-deposit Futures: Nihil sub Sole Novi?

Euro-deposit futures play a relevant role among the derivative products traded in official markets. As opposed to most futures contracts, the underlying instrument is not represented by a traded asset but by a linear transformation of an interest rate, the Libor. The options written on Euro-deposit futures that are traded at the London International Financial Futures & Options Exchange (LIFFE) are subject to daily marking to market, as the underlying futures; thus, they are called futures-style options or pure futures options. These options are often priced with the Black (1976) formula, whose use entails several shortcomings. A more realistic alternative is represented by the univariate Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (1985) model. The closed-form solutions for the prices of Euro-deposit futures and futures-style options on Euro-deposit futures obtained in the CIR model are two major original contributions presented in this paper. Other original contributions involve the determination of the relation between futures rates and forward rates and the derivation of the equivalent portfolio for the hedging of futures-style options on Euro-deposit futures.