Win by Creating Win-Win Outcomes

Mr. James Ji, President of Sovereign Property Group （SPG） and Vice President of Australia Mega Expo ＆ Auction Centre Pty Ltd （AMEAC） have long dream about establishing the Hume Mega Centre, a unique concept known as the China Factory Outlets （CFO）. The centre will be located in the outskirts of Melbourne, Victoria at 1457-1487 Sydney Road,     

Financial research in Canada: A long‐term assessment of journal publications

We examined the financial research among Canadian academic institutions between 1990–2008. Overall, Canadian institutions contribute 3.79% of all publications in 23 leading finance journals. The five most productive universities are the University of British Columbia, the University of Toronto, Wilfrid Laurier University, McGill University, and the University of Alberta. The research productivity of Canadian universities is comparable to their counterparts in Australia and the UK. However, when examining only the top four finance journals, Canadian universities clearly outperform their counterparts in Australia and the UK. In addition, we find that the sufficiency of research funding, the size of faculty, as well as the assembly of a cohort of research‐active faculty contribute to the research productivity of finance programs in Canada. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Co-operatively re-engineering a financial services information supply chain: A case study

This paper presents a case study of the co-operative design, development, and implementation of an XBRL-enabled interorganizational system (IOS) by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, the Reserve Bank of Australia (central bank), and the Australian Bureau of Statistics to revolutionize reporting by financial institutions in Australia. The findings illustrate that the complexity of data consumption patterns drove increased interdependence within the financial information supply chain requiring the co-operative development of context sensitive data exchanges and commodity-like IT infrastructures. The paper concludes that the co-operative model to IOS development exhibited here is likely to be more suited to the development of systems for financial information supply chains than the hub and spoke model characteristic of IOS in other sectors. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The relationship between culture and perception of ethical problems in international Marketing

This research study sought to identify whether there is a relationship between ethical perceptions and culture. An examination of the cultural variables suggests that there is a relationship between two of Hofstede's cultural dimensions (i.e., Uncertainty Avoidance and Individualism) and ethical perceptions. This finding supports the hypothetical linkage between the cultural environment and the perceived ethical problem variables posited in Hunt and Vitell's General Theory of Marketing Ethics (1986).Robert Armstrong is Professor of Marketing and Research Associate of the Asia Research Centre at Murdoch University, Programme Chair for the MBA and Marketing and Media degree programmes. Professor Armstrong has been in Australia for six years, he spent two years at the University of Western Australia and the last four years at Murdoch University. To date, he has published over 20 journal articles and an Australian Marketing Research textbook.     

The Influence of Decentralized Bargaining Systems on the Introduction of Continuous Improvement Practices in Australian Automotive Components Companies

The study examines the nature and impact of Japanese idea of continuous improvement (CI) at 14 automobile components companies in Australia. It assesses the extent to which CI practices inform management systems and work organization. The study is focused on the degree to which decentralized bargaining systems, and reforms in the Australian vocational education system have facilitated the adoption of continuous production. The results indicate two patterns of production management in the companies, termed the elaborated commitment, and the basic commitment, respectively. The authors conclude that collective agreements were seen as an important vehicle for the advancement of management strategies on CI, although management preferences in relation to work demarcations and training were not significantly advanced within the agreements. They observe that there is no single Australian production model, and that company effects, as described by MacDuffie (1995) seem to predominate.     

The “end game” of the enlargement of the European Union

The process of enlargement would be facilitated if the EU and the candidates were less concerned about the date of accession and more keen to focus their efforts instead on identifying ways, on the one hand, to translate collective benefits into individual national benefits so that all member states would support enlargement and, on the other, to assess the readiness of the candidates with more precise criteria. Because of the nature of the negotiations, these two apparently unrelated problems are de facto interconnected. One way for the successful completion of the accession negotiations is for these two issues to be formally de-linked. The author, who is also acting as advisor to the Chief Negotiator of a candidate country, writes here in a strictly personal capacity. He wishes to acknowledge the very helpful comments received from Edward Best, Rita Beuter, Frank Bollen, Tom Casier and Antti Kuosmanen. Naturally, he is solely responsible for the views expressed in this paper.     

Chandler: A Retrospect

I met Al Chandler in late 1962 (or early 1963), when he visitedthe Graduate School of Business, Columbia University, as a guestof Associate Dean Clarence Walton. Chandler gave a seminar,based on his new book Strategy and Structure. I was then atColumbia Business School, completing my (and Frank Ernest Hill’s)archive-based history of Ford Motor Company's internationaloperations, which was my first book. As my next project, I wasseeking to write an overall history of US business abroad. Iwanted to figure out whether patterns I had found in my researchon Ford abroad were typical (or atypical) of US corporations,in general, as the latter expanded worldwide. Recently, I looked at the preface (dated June 1963) of our AmericanBusiness Abroad: Ford on Six Continents, published in 1964;there was no acknowledgment of the     

The ethics of Australian executive remuneration packages

This article raises the issue of growing inequalities in remuneration in Australia at a time of severe economic recession. The salary packages of the CEOs and senior managers of large Australian companies have been increased substantially in recent years often in spite of poor performance of the companies. At the same time real wages have either stagnated or, according to some researchers, have fallen in the same period. In addition unemployment has risen to unprecedented high levels (above 11%).The ethics of such growing differentials are rarely addressed in the literature on compensation. It is mooted that the lack of ethical scrutiny affects staff morale and performance by non-managerial employees adversely. It tends to make a mockery of the philosophy of performance-based pay and the concept of appointment and promotion on the basis of merit. Without suggesting a widespread breakdown in norms and standards in Australia this article does question the quality of Australian management and raises the issue of appropriate corrections. Studies about the need for a new direction in management education and into the role of the Boards of Directors, their competence and functions have been conducted and others are in train. These suggest a preference for piecemeal reforms while, perhaps, more drastic measures are required.Dr. Klaas Woldring is a Senior Lecturer in Management at the Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia. He taught at the University of Zambia in the early 1980s and edited a bookZambia's Development Predicament (1984). Since returning to Australia he has concentrated his research on Australia's management problems, management education, HRM and business ethics. At present he is editing two Readers, one on business ethics and another on managerial integrity and competence.     

Risk,uncertainty, and heuristics

Nearly a century ago, Frank Knight famously distinguished between risk and uncertainty with respect to the nature of decisions made in a business enterprise. He associated generating economic profit with making entrepreneurial decisions in the face of fundamental uncertainties. This uncertainty is complex because it cannot be reliably hedged unless it is reducible to risk. In making sense of uncertainty, the mathematics of probability that is used for risk calculations may lose relevance. Fast-and-frugal heuristics, on the other hand, provide robust strategies that can perform well under uncertainty. The present paper describes the structure and nature of such heuristics and provides conditions under which each class of heuristics performs successfully. Dealing with uncertainty requires knowledge but not necessarily an exhaustive use of information. In many business situations, effective heuristic decision-making deliberately ignores information and hence uses fewer resources. In an uncertain world, less often proves to be more.     

基于平均循环周期图方法的Frank编码信号循环谱特征参数估计

针对Frank编码信号非合作条件下参数估计问题,提出了基于平均循环周期图的循环 谱特征参数估计算法。该算法利用信号参数与循环谱特征的联系,通过提取信号的循环谱特 征,实现对其关键参数的估计。分析了算法的计算量,给出了该算法的具体实现步骤,并通 过对信号参数归一化均方根估计误差的仿真计算,分析了噪声环境对参数估计的影响,表明 该算法对Frank编码信号循环谱特征参数估计的有效性。     

Keynes,Trouton and the Hector Whaling Company. A personal and professional relationship

John Maynard Keynes’ activities in the stock market are well known. One company in which he bought shares was the Hector Whaling Company Ltd, London, founded in 1928. The director of this company was Rupert Trouton. He had worked with Keynes for the government during the First World War, was his student at Cambridge, and became a close partner in the City from the 1920s and onwards. This article outlines the foundation and development of Hector Whaling, and analyses the relationship between Trouton and Keynes. The focus is on their co-operation relating to Hector Whaling. But their relationship regarding various other businesses, as well as on the personal level, is also analysed.     

The Microsoft Antitrust Case: Rejoinder

In this rejoinder, I discuss the inappropriateness of the theory of predation proposed by Prof. Frank Fisher as well as comments by Dr. O’Brien and Prof. O’Toole. I show that Dr. Fisher’s theory of predation is likely to characterize aggressive procompetitive actions as anti-competitive. If adopted, courts will discourage firms from taking socially beneficial aggressive pro-competitive actions.     

制裁政策对澳大利亚煤炭价格影响研究

2020年二季度,中国与澳大利亚的贸易关系出现恶化。将中国对澳大利亚进口煤炭的制裁政策作为一次准自然实验,将2018—2020年的进口煤炭、国内煤炭价格作为研究对象,利用双重差分与三重差分回归模型,着重研究了制裁政策对相关进口煤炭的价格效应。结果发现:进口制裁政策对澳大利亚5500大卡煤炭价格产生了负向价格效应,负向价格效应在制裁政策发布当期最显著,随后影响逐渐消退;制裁政策不会对澳大利亚出口其他国家的煤炭价格产生影响;在控制了煤炭消费、汇率等因素的影响后,新冠肺炎疫情对国内外煤炭价格产生的冲击并无显著差异。     

Accounting for the employment effects of changes in trade

Simple “accounting” methods have been used to estimate the effects of changes in trade on sectoral employment. Using an applied general equilibrium (AGE) model with Canadian data for 1972 and 1980, this article examines an accounting method first employed in a Brookings study by Charles Frank. The results suggest that despite the criticism it has received, this method provides a reasonable way of assessing the change in employment attributable to changes in imports.     

How to Create Effective Ad Copy for the Small Service Organization

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the results of a study that examined two factors that influenced the individual's selection of an accountant: The qualifications that the accountant may hold and the accountants membership of a professional accounting body.

In Australia, any person can hang a shingle outside their door calling themselves an ?accountant.” In contrast, the law dictates that a doctor of medicine can only use the title “doctor” when he/she has tertiary qualifications and registers with the relevant Health Departments throughout Australia.

Let's be clear on the term accountant–there are accountants in public practice who offer themselves to the public to perform a wide range of duties from income tax preparation, auditing and financial advice. Then there is the accountant who is employed internally in a business to keep the financial reins. It is the accountant who offers public accounting services that this study concerns itself.

Prior research studies conducted in this area are examined for relevance to the study and to determine if the results concur with the outcomes of this study.

The managerial implications of the results are discussed considering the confusion and perceptions that arose with the meaning of “qualification” and “professional body membership.”     

The attitudes of united states and South African managers to corporate social responsibility

The attitudes of 164 United States and 151 South African managers towards corporate social responsibility were assessed. The United States managers held significantly more favourable attitudes towards corporate social responsibility. In addition, they agreed with more pro-responsibility arguments, whereas the South African managers agreed with more anti-responsibility arguments. The United States managers felt that their society expected more corporate involvement in social responsibility activities than the South African managers felt was expected from their society. The results are explained in terms of the susceptibility of social responsibility attitudes to cultural norms and values — which reflect the different nature of the two societies. Christopher Orpen is Professor of Management at Deakin University, Victoria, Australia. Previously he was Professor of Psychology in South Africa. He is the author of Principles of Personnel Psychology (Johannesburg, South Africa: Jonathan Ball, 1978) and Ideology in Personnel Management (Melbourne, Australia: Academic Press, 1984).     

Bunk bed injuries in Australia: the case for a mandatory safety standard

Bunk beds have long been recognised as a potential source of injury to children. This study was undertaken to establish an evidence base for a proposed injury reduction program and to determine whether or not there is a case for a mandatory safety standard. Recent literature on bunk bed safety was reviewed to provide an overview of the injury issues involved. Major sources of relevant Australian and international data were identified and the available data summarised. An in-depth analysis of Victorian data was undertaken to identify the nature and severity of injuries sustained and any patterns or trends, including age profiles. It is estimated that, in Australia, in the under fifteen age-group, there are at least 2,100 bunk bed-related injuries treated annually by hospital emergency departments. This represents a rate of about 50 injuries per 100,000 age-specific population. The majority of these injuries (86%) occur in children under the age of 10 years with injuries peaking in the 5-9 year age-group. The main cause of non-fatal injury is falls from the top bunk resulting in a fracture (33%), mainly to the upper extremity (75%). There have been at least two deaths from asphyxia in Australia in the past 10 years, due to entrapment in the bunk structure. It is clear from the current evidence that bunk bed injuries are a significant problem in Australia and represent a life-threatening hazard to young children in particular. The existing voluntary Australian/New Zealand Standard adequately addresses the safety issues raised by the examination of the literature and the analysis of the injury data. It is also clear that, in Australia, voluntary standards and the market place have been ineffective in achieving compliance. It is therefore recommended that the Australian Standard be made mandatory in an effort to significantly improve the safety of bunk beds in Australia.     

江西昌河汽车股份有限公司

一、企业概况江西昌河汽车股份有限公司坐落在闻名中外的瓷都景德镇,是经国家经贸委批准,由昌河飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司作为主发起人,联合合肥昌河汽车有限责任公司、哈尔滨中国航空东安汽车发动机动力股份有限公司、中国民用飞机开发公司、中国航空工业供销总公司安徽江南机械股份有限公司等五家企业发起,于1999年11月26日正式成立的股份有限公司。     

The Use of Electronic Brokerage Systems in China: A Modified e‐Commerce Model

I applied the DeLone and McLean (2004) information systems success model to the use of electronic brokerage systems in China. Several modifications to the model are proposed, including the addition of specific measures of customer perceptions concerning both the perceived costs and benefits of using such systems. Structural equation modelling revealed that the DeLone and McLean (2004) model is not a good representation of those who use electronic brokerage systems for cross‐national transactions, but that the modified model is a good fit for all customers. Copyright © 2011 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Buy Australian Made

The Australian Federal Government introduced in 1994 the Trade Practices Amendment (Origin Labelling) Bill in the House of Representatives, Parliament of Australia, to establish a scheme to govern representations about the origin of consumer goods. This amendment to the Trade Practices Act (1974) applies only to Australian products, and provides two labelling alternatives, that is Product of Australia (no imported components and processing has been done completely in Australia) and Made in Australia (with some imported components). The Origin Labelling Bill 1994 is currently pending in the Senate, Parliament of Australia, for various reasons.Apart from the investigation into legal matters, a major aim of the research to be reported here was to question the impact of country of origin on the consumers' buying decision process, and in particular the impact of the Australian Made logo on sales of consumer goods. This logo is provided by the Advance Australia Foundation as a part of the Buy Australian Made campaign, started in 1986 to reduce the Australian import penetration.A Townsville-based consumer survey, conducted as a part of the research, showed that price, quality, and value for money were the over-riding factors in purchasing decisions. The survey sampled 647 interviewed consumers, and included an experiment in which business shirts and tea bags were used to determine reactions to country of manufacture information. It was found, for example, that the addition of a logo to a shirt had no positive influence on the Australian shirt's propensity to be selected as the preferred shirt when compared to the imported shirts.