通过韩半岛铁搭看明清时代江南的水田农业

铁搭是具有2-4个铁齿的耕地专用农具,是一种为江南水田的深耕起到决定性作用的代耕用具。本文论证铁搭在唐朝时期由韩半岛的济州岛传播到中国的过程。明清时代的铁搭可与江东犁媲美,它对于引领江南农业经济发展所起的实质性作用是功不可没的。而韩半岛南部则早在一世纪起就已出现铁搭,因为和汉魏王朝的交易活跃的原因,铁搭虽然有很早传来的可能性,但根据在北宋时期扬州的铁搭形态上猜测,比起三韩时代,三国时代(韩)即中国唐代之前传来的可能性更高。     

水稻粉垄直播高产栽培技术

粉垄耕作,是人类历史上继人力耕作、畜力耕作、拖拉机耕作之后的一种全新的农耕方法;将传统的翻耕式农耕改为旋螺钻头深耕旋磨土耕作,可实现农业增产和生态和谐.水稻粉垄直播栽培技术,是利用粉垄机械排式螺旋形钻头,一次性垂直前行对干相稻田土壤横向快速旋磨粉碎自然悬浮成厢,回水落干后,直接撒播水稻芽种,田间按直播管理到成熟的一种新的水稻耕作栽培技术.     

“免深耕”土壤调理剂在杨树林地的应用技术研究

文章主要论述了"免深耕"土壤调理剂(Agri-SC)在不伤杨树根系的情况下,起到的代替机器和人力翻耕杨树林地土壤的等同效果。     

畜力的使用及其在农业史上的地位

土地是农业,尤其是种植业的基础,土地的耕翻整治又是农作物生长发育、获得经济产量的先决条件。耕作工具的进步,耕作技术的革命,是衡量农业生产力发展水平的标志之一。牛耕的发明,实现了从人力耕作到畜力耕作的转变,铁器的使用,实现了从木石农具、青铜农具到铁制农具的转变,这两个转变在农业史上便出现了生产力的飞跃。耕作机械的迅速发展,在部分经济比较发达的地区,出现了大量淘汰耕牛的现象。这就使我们制订农业发展战略时要进行认真的思考。当前,牛在社会经济生活中还发挥着多方面的作用,今后经过定向选育,牛仍然可以给人类带来巨大的利益。     

共筑开发梦 同闯富强路——昆山自费兴办开发区的缘由及地位作用

<正>改革开放前,昆山既是太湖泄洪走廊、血吸虫病严重流行的地势低洼地区,又是较长时间在苏南地区只生产稻麦油和鱼虾的典型农业县。那时,工业上只有几家为农服务的农机、化肥、农药厂和生产镰刀、铁搭、钉耙之类的小作坊;农业满目是面对黄土背朝天,日出而作、日落而息,弯腰驼背挥舞着铁搭锄头的场景。"农民靠挣工分吃饭,城乡人民穿衣凭     

牛耕起源和早期的牛耕

在牛耕起源问题上,牛的驯化和驾驭、犁架的形成、相关套牛技术的出现是三个密切相关的要素,缺一不可。我国新石器时代晚期即已有人力牵拉的犁架。家牛驯化很早,至迟到商代开始驾驭和役使牛。夏商以马驾车,套驾技术可以借鉴。牛耕是随着最晚成熟的要素之后发生的。根据牛耕起源三要素的形成情况,把我国牛耕发生的时间定在商代应是比较可信的。目前牛耕起源的春秋说似成定论,但春秋时期牛耕已反映到人名当中,肯定不是牛耕的发生期。西周春秋是牛耕的早期阶段,战国开始进入到推广期。     

历史上太湖地区粮食生产基地的经济地位

太湖地区东濒东海,西至天目山和茅山,南临钱塘江,北枕长江,包括江、浙、沪两省一市33个县、市,土地总面积35272平方公里,占全国土地总面积3.7%。这一地区自东汉末叶经东吴艰苦经营,农业生产渐趋发达,唐宋明清期间,农业生产进一步得到发展。由于有着优越的自然条件、较高的生产水平和发达的运输网络,自古以来,这里是我国具有举足轻重地位的粮食基地。一、太湖地区粮食生产基地形成的历史过程据《史记·货殖列传》记载:太湖地区“楚越之地,地广人稀,饭稻羹鱼,或火耕而水耨,……地势饶食,无饥馑之患。”说明当时由于地广人稀,农业处于火耕水耨的粗放经营     

论牛耕在秦汉封建社会中的作用

从我国研究牛耕历史的古今文献内容来看,探讨牛耕的起源者多,探讨牛耕的发展、普及者少;探讨牛耕史的技术方面者多,探讨牛耕史的社会方面者少。本文拟就其“少”的方面,即从牛耕发展、普及的社会经济背景及其对社会经济的影响方面,论述牛耕在我国秦汉封建社会中的地位与作用。春秋战国时期牛耕铁犁的发展     

“桑争稻田”与明清江南农业生产集约程度的提高——明清江南农业经济发展特点探讨之二

明清时期江南地区的农业结构发生的重要变化之一,是经济作物种植业在农业中的地位有较大的上升,而水稻种植业的地位则相对有所下降。其中,太湖地区的桑树种植发展很快,在不少地方排挤了传统的水稻种植。这就是本文所说的“桑争稻田”的现象。关于这一现象本身,以及这一现象发生的原因、背景和意义,中外农史学界和经济史学界已经做了不少研究,并且在许多方面取得了令人信服的成果。但是,从农业经济的内在方     

绳索牵引装置简介

一、绳索牵引的优点绳索牵引是新的田间作业牵引方法,特别适合我国的耕作特点。绳索牵引适用于各种不同的动力,不同的作业和各种土地条件,特别适于深耕作业。这对目前全国推广的深耕密植来说,有很大意义。绳索牵引的优点如下:1、牵引力大,不会发生打滑现象,特别适用于深耕。用加大绞盘传动机的方法,即使用人力或畜力驱动,亦可取得大的牵引力。2、特别适用于水田湿洼地区,因为机不下田,可以充分发挥索引力,解决拖拉机耕作水田和     

国土资源与可持续发展

今天 ,我向大家介绍一下我国国土资源的有关情况 ,并与大家一起学习中央关于国土资源管理的重要指示精神。我的介绍分为三个部分 :一是对国土资源重要地位和作用的认识 ;二是对国土资源面临严峻形势的分析 ;三是保护和合理利用国土资源的对策。一、国土资源的重要地位和作用自然资源包括土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源、水资源、森林资源、草原资源、生物资源、气候资源、能源资源及自然景观旅游资源等十多种。社会生产离不开资源 ,无论生产创造的财富属于哪一个门类 ,其起始点都必定是自然资源。任何一个国家 ,其经济发展的规模、速度以及稳…     

国土资源科技进步与可持续发展

本文探讨了国土资源科技进步与可持续发展的关系 ,科技进步实现我国现阶段可持续发展的途径 ,对可持续发展的未来进行了展望 ,并提出了若干结论和建议。     

保障抗震救灾粮油质量安全的实践与体会

<正>"5·12"特大地震,给四川省粮食系统造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失,全省21个市州、148个县(市、区)、618个企业遭受了不同程度的破坏和损失,造成的直接和间接经济损失达到140亿     

江苏省地质环境管理改革发展的目标与路径

江苏省现阶段的主要地质环境问题是由自然因素和人为因素造成和引发的。多年来,江苏省地质环境管理取得了很大成绩,但也存在不少问题。新时期加强地质环境管理要根据江苏省的实际,不断深化认识,健全法制,明确责任,突出重点,拓宽地质环境管理思路;要从政府、企业和社会三方面着手,构建保障社会科学发展的地质环境管理新机制,全面推进地质环境管理改革,为江苏省现代化建设"两个率先"的宏伟目标服务。     

Similarities and dissimilarities between the EU agricultural and rural development model and Romanian agriculture. Challenges and perspectives

The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects.     

Land use planning and health and well-being

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment.