浅谈会计信息披露存在的问题及改进意见

一、会计信息披露的理论基础 （一）会计信息的属性 会计披露起源于复式簿记，在其漫长的发展变迁中曾先后经历以账簿披露为主体、以财务报表披露为主体以及以财务报告披露为主体等发展阶段。目前．会计披露领域正在进行着一场的变革——披露手段的创新。借助于现代信息技术，会计披露实践逐步由单一的以纸张为介质的会计披露方式过渡到以纸张和网络介质并重的新阶段。进化为以实时披露替代定期披露，以个性化会计信息披露替代通用型会计信息披露．以复合数据披露代替财务数据披露。而对它属性的界定。是决定会计信息应该由谁披露、由谁管理的重要理论依据。     

浅议我国企业环境会计信息披露

文章就环境会计及其信息披露的相关概念、我国企业环境会计信息披露的必要性及可能性进行了分析,探讨了企业环境会计信息的内容,并对我国现阶段环境会计信息披露模式进行了理性思考,提出了加强和完善环境会计信息披露的措施。     

我国上市公司会计信息披露问题研究

经济越发达,会计越重要。会计自产生以来就被披露问题困扰着,会计信息披露问题也自然对经济生活产生深远的影响。安然事件以及近年来跨国公司财务造假,世界各国会计丑闻飞传,上市公司信息披露一直是社会公众关注的热点问题。因此研究会计信息披露质量影响因素并制定相应的对策具有重要意义。本文首先界定会计信息披露相关的基本概念,在此基础上总结会计信息披露存在的问题,然后指出现阶段我国上市公司会计信息披露质量的影响因素,最后针对影响因素提出提高我国会计信息披露质量具体措施。     

会计政策选择对会计信息披露的影响

会计政策作为企业提供财务信息的重要依据,对会计信息披露有着至关重要的影响。本文从会计政策选择的原则出发,分析了会计政策选择对会计信息的影响,讨论了会计信息披露存在的问题,最终探讨了会计信息披露问题的解决对策。会计政策选择贯穿会计政策的全过程,企业选择不同的会计政策引起会计信息质量的差异,从而影响信息使用者进行经济决策。     

商业银行与非银行的上市公司会计信息披露的对比分析

长期以来各类会计主体的会计信息披露存在很多的问题,如我国非银行上市公司会计信息披露存在变相操作利润、会计信息披露不规范、补充分等问题,我国商业银行出现资本充足率被高估、表外业务信息披露不足等问题。本文着重对商业银行与非银行的上市公司这两个会计主体会计信息披露进行对比分析,以致于更好地来看待不同类别的会计主体会计信息披露中存在的问题。     

报表改进视角下环境会计信息披露模式研究

环境会计信息披露是环境会计的核心问题,真实、客观、有效地向社会公众和利益相关者披露相关信息是环境会计信息披露的重点、难点。文章以环境会计信息披露模式为切入点,就如何从改进报表角度实现环境会计信息的有效披露进行深入探讨,给出了报表改进方案,为有效实现环境会计信息披露提供了理论参考。     

会计信息质量与企业投资效率——基于深交所上市公司的经验证据

本文把会计信息质量分为会计信息编制质量和会计信息披露质量,利用深交所上市公司2007—2012年年度数据,对会计信息质量如何影响投资效率进行实证研究。研究结果显示,投资效率与会计信息编制质量、会计信息披露质量正相关,但这种相关关系均不显著,即会计信息编制质量和会计信息披露质量都不能显著促进投资效率的提高;上市公司会计信息编制质量参差不齐,会计信息披露质量不高;会计信息编制质量与会计信息披露质量不存在显著的相关关系。这些研究结论为优化会计环境、完善会计准则、加强会计信息披露的考核和评价,以及协调会计信息的编制与会计信息的披露等提出了新的课题。     

电子商务环境下会计信息披露革新分析

论文概述了电子商务环境下的会计特征和会计方法,分析信息用户对会计信息的需求,对会计信息的披露内容和披露方式革新进行了分析,从而为信息用户提供更全面及时的会计信息。     

基于决策有用观的会计信息披露模式创新

会计环境的变化导致会计信息使用者对会计信息的需求变化,从而推动会计信息披露模式的不断改进和披露内容的不断扩展,体现了会计有用性与会计信息披露之间的内在互动性。本文根据会计有用性的内在要求,探讨了会计信息披露模式的变革和创新,分析会计信息决策有用性的质量特征。     

基于决策有用观的会计信息披露模式创新

会计环境的变化导致会计信息使用者对会计信息的．需求变化，从而推动会计信息披露模式的不断改进和披露内容的不断扩展，体现了会计有用性与会计信息披露之间的内在互动性。本文根据会计有用性的内在要求，探讨了会计信息披露模式的变革和创新，分析会计信息决策有用性的质量特征。     

The relationship between environmental information disclosure and firm valuation: the role of corporate governance

Hopwood argued that accounting has become associated with environmental concerns, and that environmental concerns will be further integrated into accounting practices in the near future. The McKinsey Company discovered that environmental information affects a firm’s value, and that investors in firms with good corporate governance in Asian countries are willing to pay a price premium of 20 % or greater. The increasing need for environmental protection and responsibility to the community on the part of firms have led to environmental protection becoming a critical focal concern of governments, public welfare associations, and the public. Effective implementation of corporate governance has been reported to enhance operating performance and increase firm value. This study applies the Ohlson valuation model to examine the value relevance of environmental information disclosure and corporate governance, and investigate their on firms in Taiwan. The results indicate relationships between total disclosure of environmental information, mandatory disclosure of environmental information, and voluntary disclosure of environmental information and firm value. Corporate governance is positively correlated with the valuation of total disclosure of environmental information and mandatory disclosure of environmental information.     

关于环境会计信息披露的设想

环境会计是现代会计的一个新兴分支。构建环境会计、实现环境会计信息披露是会计学愈益成熟的结果。是会计工作发挥更大的社会作用和走向可持续发展之路的重要标志。构建环境会计具有坚实的理论和现实基础。由于会计学特别是现代会计理论和方法的快速发展，由于环境经济学和发展经济学的日益成熟，构建环境会计、实现环境会计信息披露已经具备了足够的理论、思想指导和技术方法上的支持。     

董事会特征对会计信息披露质量的影响——来自我国上市公司的经验证据

检验了我国董事会制度改革对强制性和自愿性信息披露质量的影响。研究发现:独立董事比例、独立董事超过1/3、"二元"领导权结构、财务专业背景的独立董事比例、审计委员会的存在、以及公司规模和雇佣"四大"与会计信息披露质量成显著正相关;灰色董事和内部董事超过1/3、配股动机与会计信息披露质量成显著负相关;而董事会规模、董事会会议次数、CEO变更、董事持股比例和财务杠杠与会计信息披露质量不显著。此外,还发现独立董事超过1/3、"二元"领导权结构、财务专业背景的独立董事比例和审计委员会的存在是影响强制性和自愿性信息披露质量最为显著的因素。     

非对称信息环境下的会计信息披露

理想环境下财务报表披露的信息具有完全的相关性和可靠性。然而,财务报告所面临的现实环境是复杂的。由于存在着信息不对称,使得充分及时的会计信息披露在维护资本市场公平有效、帮助投资者预测公司未来盈利能力方面显得至关重要。会计信息披露的观点有两种:强制披露和自愿披露。在非对称信息环境下,应该既把握好强制性披露的度,又增强企业自愿披露的动机。     

To Disclose or Not to Disclose? An Investigation of the Antecedents and Effects of Open Book Accounting

Open book accounting (OBA) is the regular disclosure of management accounting information beyond corporate borders. Prior contributions have mainly concentrated on identifying its antecedents in individual or small numbers of organizations with exploratory cases. My paper responds to the call to investigate OBA on a wider empirical basis and focuses simultaneously on the explanatory variables of OBA and its influence on both financial and non-financial performance. I thus also explore the mediating role of OBA in linking key antecedents and performance within a unified theoretical framework. I empirically test my model using survey data from a sample of European companies, which are then analyzed through structural equation modeling. My findings indicate that the extent of OBA use is explained by a firm’s willingness to work together with its counterparts in the long run, that is, a relational factor, and the presence of sophisticated cost accounting systems, that is, a technical prerequisite. My evidence also suggests a positive association between OBA and firm performance. Additionally, I find that OBA is a partial mediator that explains how a firm’s long-term commitment to its external partners and the sophistication of its cost accounting system may become associated with performance.     

Voluntary Disclosure in the Annual Reports of New Zealand Companies

New Zealand is currently experiencing a liberal and competitive economic environment which has led to a greater investment interest in corporate securities. Likewise, New Zealand firms are also developing strategies to attract investors, for example, through voluntary disclosure of information. Therefore, the level of information voluntarily disclosed by New Zealand companies is of interest to prospective investors. The purpose of this study is to examine empirically the relationship between five firm-specific characteristics and the general level of accounting information voluntarily disclosed by companies listed on New Zealand Stock Exchange (NZSE). In this study the a priori expectations are based on agency theory. The five firm-specific characteristics examined are: firm size, leverage, assets-in-place, type of auditor, and foreign listing status. The results obtained from cross-sectional regression show that firm size, foreign listing status and leverage are significantly related to the extent of voluntary disclosure. In contrast assets-in-place and type of auditor are not significant explanatory variables. A study of this type would be of particular relevance to accounting policy makers because, inter alia, it helps them in (a) understanding corporate disclosure behaviour, (b) explaining why firms adopt certain disclosure strategies, and (c) developing a coherent and acceptable set of mandatory disclosure requirements.     

The influence of company characteristics and accounting regulation on information disclosed by Spanish firms

Accounting information is subject to two different influences: market pressures and pressure from regulatory bodies. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the influence of both these forces on information disclosure by Spanish firms. To test hypotheses concerning the influence of regulation, annual reports of three different years for 49 companies have been analysed. Given that new Spanish accounting rules have been in force since 1990, annual accounts of a sample of quoted companies have been analysed for the period 1989–1991. In order to consider the influence of positive accounting theory, several characteristics relating to company attributes were selected and tested empirically for the sample of 49 companies. The information disclosed by the sample companies was measured through an information index, based on a list of 50 items of information, and it was regressed on the variables related to company characteristics. The influence of regulation was analysed through a panel data analysis including time effects. The results suggest that time as a surrogate for regulation explains the level of information disclosure, although it does not influence the amount of voluntary information disclosed. However, several firm characteristics were also found to influence the level of disclosure, namely size, auditing and stock exchange.     

外汇衍生金融工具会计披露的规范研究

外汇衍生金融工具的会计披露直接关系到内部管理者和外部使用者的经济决策,所以其是外汇衍生金融工具会计的一个重要内容。本文根据目前外汇衍生金融工具的会计披露现状,对会计披露方面表内要素列示和表外信息披露进行了研究,并提出规范这些方面的具体建议。     

企业环境会计信息披露的经济效益影响分析

随着企业环境会计信息披露工作的逐步规范化,对环境会计信息披露的经济效益影响进行系统的分析已显得非常必要。目前,在我国有关这方面的研究还很欠缺。迎合时代需求,本文以环境会计信息披露的经济效益影响为切入点,以扩展后的盈余模型为研究基础,利用沪深上市公司有关环境会计信息披露资料,采用实证方法对企业环境会计信息披露对企业经济效益影响进行具体深入的研究。     

大股东会计信息披露质量的选择分析

目前在大部分上市公司中大股东仍然占有绝对的决策权,并决定了企业的会计披露政策,大股东必须进行会计信息披露程度的收益成本权衡,只有当企业提高会计披露质量,满足投资需求能够使大股东获得更多的现金流时,才会愿意提供更高质量的会计信息。本文通过对大股东面临会计披露程度选择决策时的成本收益权衡进行验证,试图发现促使大股东愿意提高会计信息披露质量的激励因素,以促使企业会计信息质量的改进。