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论汇率错位与国际汇率制度改革深圳横岗经济发展总公司常贺梅一、汇率错位与浮动汇率制1944年7月44个协约国在美国新罕布什尔州建立的布雷顿森林体系,确定了战后可调整的固定汇率制度。根据该体系,各个国家将其汇率钉住美元并保持在一个狭窄的域间波动范围之内,... 相似文献
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根据传统的贸易条件理论,本币升值会导致本国贸易条件①的改善,有利于增加本国居民的福利。2005年7月21日人民币汇率制度改革以来,人民币汇率不断升值。本文采用汇率制度改革以来的数据进行了VAR建模,计量结果发现人民币的升值没有显著改善中国居民的福利。主要原因是中国出口厂商出口定价方式的选择(当地货币定价),应对措施是中国需要改革国际货币体系或实现人民币国际化。 相似文献
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现行人民币汇率制度的问题和改革建议 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文提出了现行人民币汇率制度存在的主要问题,即人民币汇率形成机制的市场化程度不足;外汇市场的服务功能不完善;对外部均衡产生不利影响,人民币升值压力依然巨大。面对今后更具弹性的人民币汇率机制改革取向,可以应正确认识和应对人民币汇率形成机制改革;主动应对人民币进一步升值的预期和国际热钱炒作的压力;人民币汇率更趋灵活将加大央行对外汇市场管理的难度;进一步发展和健全外汇市场,利用衍生金融工具规避汇率风险。 相似文献
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本文从我国现行人民币汇率制度面临的挑战入手,通过对人民币汇率制度存在的缺陷进行深入分析,认为我国应该进一步完善中央银行的干预机制,减少央行干预外汇市场的频率,逐步增强人民币汇率的灵活性,进一步完善人民币汇率形成机制,培育健全的外汇市场,逐步推进人民币汇率制度的改革。 相似文献
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我国汇率制度变化与贸易发展关系的历史分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章回顾了自上世纪80年代以来各阶段人民币汇率制度的特征,探讨了各时期汇率变动对进出口影响效应的有效性,揭示了影响贸易变化的实际因素,指出名义汇率可能与进出口关系并不密切,影响贸易的根本问题还在于国内外产品价差、企业竞争力、经济环境、宏观政策等因素,也不能把汇率政策理解为单一地调整名义汇率。 相似文献
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Natural gas storages may be valued by applying real options theory. However, it is crucial to take into account that most evolving gas markets, like the German spot market, lack liquidity. This implies that large-scale operation of storages reduces the achievable operating margin since storage operators will pay higher prices for injected gas and earn less on withdrawn gas. Optimal storage operation will take this into account. In this context, considering storage operators as price takers does not account for interdependencies of storage operations and market prices. This paper offers a novel approach to storage valuation taking into account the effect of management decisions on market prices. The methodology proposed within this paper determines the optimal production schedule and value by determining the stochastic differential equation describing the storage value and then applying a finite difference scheme. We find that limited liquidity lowers the storage value and reduces withdrawal and injection amounts. Further, we observe decreasing reservation prices for injection and withdrawing for growing illiquidity resulting in a left shift of injection and withdrawing threshold prices. 相似文献
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The conditional volatility of crude oil futures returns is modelled as a regime switching process. The model features transition probabilities that are functions of the basis. Consistent with the theory of storage, in volatile periods, an increase in backwardation is associated with an increase in the likellihood of switching to or remaining in the high-volatility state. Conditional on regimes, GARCH persistence is significantly reduced. Out-of-sample tests show that incorporating regime shifts improves the accuracy of short-term volatility forecasts. 相似文献
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Yusaku Nishimura 《新兴市场金融与贸易》2018,54(2):450-467
This article investigates the effects of China’s exchange-rate regime reform on trade between China and the eurozone. Both the exchange rate between the euro (EUR) and the renminbi (RMB) and exchange-rate volatility are included in the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, and our empirical work also considers the third-country effect. Our findings show that, during the reform period, China’s exports to the eurozone are affected only by the EUR–RMB exchange rate per se and not by its volatility. However, neither the exchange rate nor its volatility significantly influences the eurozone’s exports to China during the reform period. Such asymmetry might be attributed to the discrepancy between Chinese exporters and their eurozone counterparts in the knowledge and ability to manage exchange-rate risk. 相似文献
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Employing monthly data over the period 1999–2010, this paper examines the impact of China's exchange rate regime reform in July 2005 on three major asset markets: house, land, and stocks. We test whether the reform, which switches from a fixed exchange rate regime to a managed floating one, has brought forward structural changes to asset return dynamics. The results suggest that the exchange rate regime switch exerted the most significant impact on house and land returns at the national level, in terms of both returns and their volatilities. In contrast, its impact on China's stock market was moderate, with no structural change being detected in its returns and only weak structural change being found in the dynamics of its volatility. We also find that in comparison with other popular explanatory variables, broad money supply and inflation have the largest explanatory power on housing and land returns in China after the policy reform. 相似文献
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After August 2007 the plumbing system that supplied banks with wholesale funding, the interbank market, failed because toxic assets obstructed the pipes. Banks were forced to squeeze liquidity in a “lemons market” or to ask for liquidity “on tap” from central banks. This paper disentangles the two components of the 3-month Euribor–Eonia swap spread, credit and liquidity risk and then evaluates the decomposition. The main finding is that credit risk increased before the key events of the crisis, while liquidity risk was mainly responsible for the subsequent increases in the Euribor spread and then reacted to the systemic responses of the central banks, especially in October 2008. Moreover, the level of the spread between May 2009 and February 2010 was influenced mainly by credit risk, suggesting that European banks were still in a “lemons market” and relied on liquidity “on tap” even before sovereign debt crisis unfolded in Europe. 相似文献
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Binglei Duan Xinxiao Ma Taijie Tang Guojian Zheng 《China Journal of Accounting Research》2021,14(2):129-149
Institutional changes inevitably impose adjustment costs on firms while also generating benefits. However, empirical evidence regarding the adjustment costs of institutional changes is limited, with much of the focus centered on benefits. Using data on China’s A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2018 and the nation’s staggered adoption of the “business tax to value-added tax reform” (hereafter, “VAT reform”) as a natural experiment, we examine the impact of this reform on a particular corporate cost: audit fees. We find audit fees to be 8.11% higher for VAT reform firms than for non-VAT reform firms. This difference does not exist before or after the reform year. That is, it is only observed in the year of VAT reform implementation. This indicates the existence of an adjustment cost specifically related to the VAT reform. Furthermore, we observe larger fee increases among firms audited by Big 4 international audit firms, firms that require more audit work, firms that are more complex, and firms with weak internal controls. From the audit pricing perspective, we provide evidence of the economic consequences of tax reform. The corporate adjustment costs that arise from institutional changes deserve more attention from decision-makers. 相似文献
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标普下调美债评级引发国际金融市场大幅动荡,其直接原因在于,市场对美国政府未来削减赤字的前景普遍感到失望,对全球经济可能产生二次探底的忧虑升温。然而,从深层次原因看,近期国际金融市场大幅动荡在相当程度上可视作2008年全球金融危机的延续和余波。文章探讨了美债评级下调对全球以及我国经济金融的影响,反思美国债务问题产生的根源,并提出相关对策建议。 相似文献
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The objective of this paper is to examine the effects of marking‐to‐market of futures contracts on the price differential between futures and forward contracts based on the predictions of the Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (1981) (CIR) model. Cox et al ., (1981) derive a series of propositions with respect to the relationship between futures and forward prices and a set of testable implications. These are tested empirically in this paper using Australian data from November 1991 to June 1997. The results provide evidence of the presence of significant futures and forward price differences, where the futures price is consistently below the forward price. Only partial support is found for the Cox et al ., (1981) propositions, implying that the effect of marking‐to‐market is not able to fully account for the price differential. Therefore, it is not possible to rule out the influence of other institutional factors on the futures‐forward price difference. 相似文献
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The objective of this paper is to examine the effects of marking‐to‐market of futures contracts on the price differential between futures and forward contracts based on the predictions of the Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (1981) (CIR) model. Cox et al ., (1981) derive a series of propositions with respect to the relationship between futures and forward prices and a set of testable implications. These are tested empirically in this paper using Australian data from November 1991 to June 1997. The results provide evidence of the presence of significant futures and forward price differences, where the futures price is consistently below the forward price. Only partial support is found for the Cox et al ., (1981) propositions, implying that the effect of marking‐to‐market is not able to fully account for the price differential. Therefore, it is not possible to rule out the influence of other institutional factors on the futures‐forward price difference. 相似文献